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设计外文文献原文及翻译TheDesignoftheElectricVehicleChargingPile电动汽车充电桩的设计学生姓名：学号：学院：机械与动力工程学院1专业：车辆工程1指导教师：1201年月HawkinsS.ThedesignoftheelectricvehiclechargingpileJ.SAEInternationalJournalofAlternativePowertrains,2015，5（3）:213-221.AbstractIntheworldsoilresourcesshortageandthegrimsituationofglobalwarming,theconstructionoflowcarbonvehicleswillbecometheautoindustryanewdevelopmentdirection.Currentresearchofelectricvehiclesaroundtheworldhasenteredthewhite-hot.Peopletrytomakeitbecomeamainstreaminthe21stcenturythedevelopmentoftheautomobile.Electricvehiclecharginginfrastructureisanimportantpartoftheelectriccarindustrychaincannotbeignoredin,atthesametimeofdevelopingelectricvehicleindustryalsoshouldfullytakeintoaccountthedevelopmentofthecharginginfrastructure,sothedesignofelectricvehiclechargingpileanditscontrolmethodofstudyisverynecessary.Keywords:Electricvehiclechargingpile;Equilibriumcontrol;Thehuman-computerinteraction1.IntroductionCountriesintheworldtopromoteenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,ofwhichthewordlowcarboneveryonenotunfamiliar,carbonemissionsintodayscarisbigger,theindustryalsograduallyfocusonlowcarbonfield.Theautoindustryscarbonemissionishigherandhigher.Toberaisingindustrydevelopmentandthebalanceofenvironmentalemissions,theautomobileindustryfacedwiththetransformationofdevelopment.Intheworldsoilresourcesshortageandtheserioussituationofglobalwarming,theglobalautoindustryuniformstandardswillreferencetocarbonemissionsstandards,leadingtheglobalautoindustrydevelopmentbetter.Electriccarscomparedtotraditionalpetrolpoweredcars,intermsofenvironmentalprotectionandenergysavingshowstheoutstandingadvantages.Theelectriccarhasmanyadvantages,suchaslesspollutionemissions,highefficiency,lownoise,lowrunningcost,etc.,ithastheseadvantagesinreducingairpollutionandenergyshortageisofgreatsignificance.2.ElectricvehiclecharginginfrastructureThekeytechnologiesofelectricvehicle(EV)mainlyincludes:powerbatteryandcharginginfrastructureasthecoreofenergysystems:Drivemotoranddrivesystemasthecoreofthepowersystem.Inacoordinatedcontrolsystem,ensurethevehiclesafe,efficientandcomfortableoperationasthecoreofthevehiclecontrolsystem.Forcarbonreductionandenvironmentalprotectionofelectricvehicles,chargingdeviceisindispensable.Itsfunctionistoturnwithintheelectricitytotheelectricvehiclebatterypowergrid,topowerelectricvehicles.Charginginfrastructureismainlychargingplugandchargingpile.Chargingstationswithin,usuallyequippedwithanumberoffastchargingplugsandafewslowchargingpile.Twokindsofcharginginfrastructureeachhaveadvantagesanddisadvantages,needtochooseaccordingtoactualspeciessuitableforlocalfacilities.Givenprioritytowithquickchargemodeofchargingstationashortchargingtimeischargingtheadvantagesofhighefficiency.Atahighspeedalongtheservicearea,selectionoflargechargingstationsandotherplacesofpoweristobeabletoproduce600V/300Achargingpile.Usuallyconsiderincludingtheuseofenvironmentalfactors,suchaschargingpileonlyinproducehighvoltageandlargecurrent,andpowerislarger(100kw),toensurethattheelectriccarchargingefficiency,thetechnologyofchargingmethodsandsecurityputforwardhigherrequirements.Sochargingstationsthanchargingpileconstructionandmanagementofcostismuchhigher,thesizeshouldbeandpetrolstations.Nowautomotivebatterytechnologyremainstobedevelopment,rapidchargingpatterncancausegreaterdamagetothebattery.Theexpertthinks,quickchargemodeisequivalenttoinarelativelyshortperiodoftimeforcedintopowertothebattery,afterseveralquickchargebattery,itslifewillbegreatlyreduced.Inadditionitisimportanttonotethatlarge-scaleelectricvehiclechargingdemandjustrelyonthechargingstationisfulfilled,andchargingstationswillbeoccupiedlandarea,willproducealotofmanagementcosts.Therefore,chargingstationisonlyapplicabletochargeforasmallamountofpublictransportservices.Chargingpilecoversanareaofafew,thecostisverylow,verysuitableforthesupermarketinthecity,parkinglots,constructionofresidentialareaofdenseparkingofvehicles,suchasthearea.Andmoreimportantly,chargingpilemainlyslowfillingpattern,duetotheneedofthesmallcurrent,thustoensurethesafetyofitsperformance,andofgreatbenefittoextendtheservicelifeofthebattery.Butthedisadvantageofthisschemaalsoclear,haveemergencyoperationrequirementsinthecar,thechargingisnotimplementedintime.Suchasproviding220V/16Ahomechargingpileofacpower,thechargerissmallvolumeandsimpleoperationofcarcharger.Thechargingpileismainlyprovideservicechargeforprivatecars,thepowerisabout35kw,chargingtimeneed510hours.3.PresentsituationofchargingsystemInrecentyearsfromtwolevelofproductsandtechnologies,chargingsystemhasmadegoodprogress:chargingproductswiththedevelopmentofcontroltechnology,artificialintelligenceandotheradvancedtechnology,getridofthesimple,thedirectionofmulti-function,saferintelligent.Thefieldbustechnology,suchasdevelopment,RS485,LINbusmakesthemonitoringsystemofthediversificationofmeansofcommunication,highspeedandsecurity.Frenchmulti-purposenuclearandhydroelectricpower,thepowergenerationcapacityisenough,accordingtostatistics,three-quartersofthetotalelectricityfromnuclearpowerplantsinFrance,one6fromhydropowerstation,anditspowersupplyclean,cheapelectricity,automobileindustrydeveloped,soitistheworldsoneofthefirstcountriestodevelopandpromotetheelectriccar.TheFrenchgovernmentcollaborativeEDF(EDF)Company,company,RenaultandPSA(Renault)motors,andothercooperation,developingelectriccars.InLaRocheHeinvestmentproducessmallfour50vehicles,electricvehiclesandbuilt12(including3fastandninecommon)chargingstations,hasbeenputintouseandtestedmorethan2years.Japansnewenergyvehicleshasbeenintheworldleadinglevel,theTokyoelectricpowercompanyhasannouncedthatitsuccessfullydevelopedlargequickcharger,thechargerhasgreatlyshortenedthetime,theJapaneseelectriccarpopularizationprovidesthepossibilityofalarger.Chargingpiledesignandcontroloftheconstructionofthecharginginfrastructure,asearlyastheFirstSolarcompaniesintheUnitedStatesbuilt5inCaliforniahighwayfastchargingpile,canundertheconditionof240v/240A,3.5hourstocompletethechargingofelectricvehicles.4.ChargingpileoffunctionalrequirementsWithelectricpassengercarspromotegradually,peopletoitscorrespondingcharginginfrastructurealsogavehighattention.Ifthechargingstation,chargingpile,cancarryonthesecurityandintelligencetotheelectricvehiclecharging,sothepopularityofelectriccars,progresswillbeaccelerated.Inordertorealizeintelligentchargingpileinthemanagementandapplication,youneedtounderstandthefunctionofchargingpiledemand.Electricvehiclechargingpilesneedtohavethefollowingseveralmainfunctions:toguaranteethenormalworkofthesystem,monitoringandprotectionmeasuresnecessary,chargingpostsmusthaveelectricalprotectiondevice,whenthesystemfailureoccurs,thesystemofchargingpowersupplyiscutoffquickly,withinthestipulatedtimetoensurethepersonalsafetyofusers.Chargingpilemustbereliableoperation,chargingpileequipmentadoptsmodularstructure;localfaultcannotthreatenthenormaloperationofthewholesystem,chargingpilemustalsobeabletoparallelprocessingmorethanoneevent.Alllogins,control,exittheimportantoperations,suchaschargingpileshouldhavecorrespondingrecords,butalsoallowstoqueryandstatisticofoperatingrecords,chargingpilehaveensuredataandsystemsecurityprotectionofinformationisnottheftanddestruction.ChargingpileshouldusethegraphicalinterfaceinChinese,theuseraccordingtothescreendisplaycanrealizeself-helpcharging;provideconvenienceforpeopleintuitivelyclearchargingoperation.Userscanqueryonchargingpiletothechargingtime,place,andthehistoricaldataofthebasicinformationsuchasrechargeablebattery,chargingpileshouldalsoinstallwithembeddedprinters,convenientchargingprintstatements.Chargingpileshouldbeaccordingtotheelectricityinformationderivingfromwatt-hourmeter,andcalculatetheuserchargetheamountspent,andcansavedatabackup,convenientsendtobackgroundmonitoringsystem.Chargingpilesystemshouldbeabletopracticethetrapezoidalpricingmechanism.5.TheintegraldesignofchargingpilesystemTheelectriccarisacchargingpileusedinac,dcpowersupply,acworkingvoltageis220vor380v,canaccordingtodifferenttypesofelectricvehicles,adoptsthecorrespondingchargingvoltagegrade,ordinarypureelectriccarchargingpiletochargeneed45hours.TheinputvoltageofdcchargingpileusingthreephasefourwireAC380V,frequency50HZcanprovideenoughpower,andtheoutputofadjustabledc,thereforecanmeettherequirementofquickcharge.Electricvehiclechargingpile,concentrator,batterymanagementsystem,chargingmanagementplatform,suchascomplementarytoeachother,constitutethechargingsystem.Batterymanagementsystem(BMS)real-timeinformationinteractionwithchargingpostscontroller,thepurposeistomonitorthebatteryvoltage,currentandtemperaturestateparameters,forecastcapacity(SOC)ofbatteries,batteriesintoavoidbadphenomenon(overdischarge,overcharge,overheatingandbatteryvoltageimbalancebetweenmonomer),itcanmaximizebatterystoragecapacityandcyclelifeofassurance.Theservicemanagementplatformismainlytotheelectriccarbatterychargeinformation,ICandpilesthesedataforcentralizedmanagementofinformation.Ingeneral,theservicemanagementplatformisimportantfunctionforchargingmanagementandoperation,aswellasintegratedquery.Tointuitivelyclearcommunicationwiththecustomers,chargingpilehasimportantinformationcanbeshownonLCDdisplayconvenientman-machineinteraction.Electricvehiclecharging,thescreenwilldisplaythechargingtime,chargingpower,themaininformationsuchastheamountpayable.Charging,thebatterychargingoroweelectricitywilldamagetothebatteryinside,acceleratecellaging,willaffectbatteryperformance.Accordingtotheanalysis,theinappropriatewayofchargingisthemaincauseofbatterylifecutshort.Therefore,howtoguaranteequicklyanddoesnotaffectthebatterylife,hasbecomeanimportantresearchtopicinrecentyears.Chargingmodechoicedeterminesthelengthofthebatterylife,amongthem,theconstantcurrent,constantvoltagechargingandcharginginstagesofthesemethodsisacommonwayofcharging.Istheadvantageofconstantcurrentchargingcontrolmethodissimple,butbythelawofmassweknow:rechargeablebatteriescanacceptcurrentcapacitywiththechargingprocessisatrendofgradualdecline.Latetocharge,thechargingcurrentismuchusedforelectrolysisofwater,canproducegas,sothattogetnothing.Constantvoltagechargingwayearly.Intheprocessofchargingcurrentistoolarge,theimpactonbatterylifeisgreat,andconstantvoltagechargingmodebatteryplatebendingeasily,causingthebatteryscrap.Phasechargingmethodisactuallyaconstantcurrent,constantvoltagechargingthemethodofcombiningmorecommonlyusedphasechargingmethodincludestwostagesandthreephasechargingmethod.译文：电动汽车充电桩的设计摘要在世界石油资源短缺和全球气候变暖的严峻形势下，建设低碳汽车必将成为汽车产业一种新的发展方向。目前全世界对电动汽车的研究已经进入白热化，人们试图使其成为21世纪汽车的发展主流。而电动汽车充电设施更是是电动汽车产业链中不可忽视的重要组成部分，在大力发展电动汽车产业的同时还应充分兼顾充电设施的发展，因此对电动汽车充电桩的设计及其控制方法的研究显得十分必要。关键词：电动汽车充电桩；均衡控制；人机交互1.引言世界各国都在提倡节能环保，对于“低碳”一词大家都不陌生，当今汽车的碳排放量较大，致使汽车业的研究重心也必将逐渐转向低碳领域。汽车行业的碳排放量越来越高。为了做好行业的上升发展和环保减排的平衡，汽车行业要面对着发展的转型。在世界石油资源短缺及全球气候变暖的严峻形势下，全球汽车行业统一的标准将参照碳排放标准，促使全球汽车工业更好地发展。电动汽车相比较以燃油作为动力的传统汽车，在环境保护和节约能源等方面有着突出的优势。电动汽车具有很多优点，例如污染气体排放量少、高能效、低噪声、低运行成本等，它所具有的这些优点在缓解大气污染及能源紧缺方面意义重大。2.电动汽车充电设施电动汽车的关键技术主要包括：以动力电池和充电设施为核心的能源系统；以驱动电机和传动系统为核心的动力系统；以协调控制各个系统，保证整车安全、高效、舒适运行为核心的整车控制系统。对于低碳环保的电动车来讲,充电装置是不可或缺的，它的功能是将电网的电能向电动车车载蓄电池内转化，为电动车提供动力。充电设施主要是充电站和充电桩。充电站内，一般配有若干个快速充电插头及少数的慢速充电桩。充电桩一般建设在城市中的住宅小区、停车场和超市等公共场合。两种充电设施各有优劣，需根据实际情况选择适合的设施种类。充电站主要以快充电模式为主具有充电时间短、充电效率高的优点。在高速沿线的服务区、大型充电站等地方选用的电源多是能产生600V/300A直流电的充电桩。充电桩的使用通常要考虑环境的因素，因为充电桩只有在产生较高电压和较大电流，并且功率也较大（约100KW）时才能保证电动汽车的充电效率，这就对充电的技术方法和安全性提出了较高要求。所以充电站比充电桩耗费的建设和管理成本要高出很多，规模应该和加油站相当。现在车用电池技术还有待发展，因为快速充电模式会对电池造成较大的损伤。专家认为，快充模式等同于在相对短的时间内强行向电池“灌入”电能，经历几次快充后的电池，其寿命会大大降低。另外值得注意的是，大规模电动汽车的充电需求单单依靠充电站是满足不了的，而且充电站会占用土地面积，会产生高额的管理成本。因此，充电站只适用于为少量的公共交通工具提供充电服务。充电桩占地面积很少，成本很低，很适合在城市中的超市、停车场、住宅小区等车辆密集停放的区域内建设。更重要的是，充电桩主要是慢充模式，因其需要很小的电流，这样就保障了其安全性能，而且对电池使用寿命的延长很有益处。但这种模式的缺点同样明显，在车辆有紧急运行需求时，不能及时实现充电。例如提供220V/16A的交流电源的家用充电桩，所用的充电机是体积小且操作简单的车载充电机。这种充电桩主要为私家车提供充电服务，其功率约为35千瓦，充电时间则需要510小时。3.充电系统研究现状近年来，从产品和技术两个层面上讲，充电系统都取得了较好的进展：充电产品随着控制技术、人工智能等先进技术的发展，摆脱了以往的单一型，朝着多功能、更安全智能的方向发展；现场工业总线技术，如CAN、RS485、LIN总线的发展使得监控系统的通信手段多样化、高速化、安全化。法国得多用核能和水力发电，其发电能力充足，据统计法国总发电量的四分之三来自核电站，六分之一来自水电站，因而其发电源干净、电价便宜，汽车工业发达，因而法国是世界上最早研制和推广电动汽车的国家之一。法国政府与EDF公司、雷诺和PSA汽车等合作，发展电动汽车。在LaRocheHe投资生产小四50辆电动汽车，建成12个（包括3个快速充电站九种）充电站，已投入使用并测试了2年多。日本的新能源汽车已经处于世界领先水平，东京电力公司已经宣布，它成功开发了大型快速充电器，该充电器大大缩短了充电时间，为日本电动汽车的普及提供了更大的可能性。充电桩充电基础设施的设计和施工控制，很早的时候美国第一太阳能公司就在加利福尼亚
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