British literature before the 16th centuryppt课件

BritishLiteraturebeforethe16thCentury Outlineofthelecture MakingofEnglandRomanconquestanditssignificancetoEnglishsocietyAnglo SaxonperiodanditssignificanceBeowulfNormanconquestanditssignificanceTudorDynastyGeoffreyChaucer5 Assignmentfornextlecture IThemakingofEngland WhoweretheearlyinhabitantsintheislandofBritain Britons atribeofCeltsWheredidtheCeltscomefrom PowerfulCeltsincentralandnorthEuropefrom750BCto12BCmainlandCelts Gauls andislandCelts BritonsandGaels GaelsinScotlandandIrelandspeakingGaelic IIRomanConquest In55BC JuliusCaesar theRomanConqueror occupiedBritain In410 RomanEmpirefellintodecline SignificanceofRomanconquest leftnodeepimpressiononitsnationallifeRomanmodeoflife theatresandbathsinthetowns thecityofBath AppearanceofRomanstreetsandcityancientLondoncity Bath England sworldheritagecity FoundedinRomanConquestFamousforitshotspringsJaneAustins secondhome BathmuseumWifeofBath RoyalCrescentandtheCircusbuiltinthe18thcentury IIIAnglo SaxonPeriod 5thcentury 11thcentury TribesfromNorthernEurope Anglos SaxonsandJutesSmallkingdomswereunitedinthe7thcentury PeopleusedoldEnglish Inthe7thcentury Anglo SaxonswereChristianized Manymonasterieswerebuiltalloverthecountry Atransitionalperiodfromtribalsocietytofeudalism WhyEnglishtodaycalledthemselvesasthedescendentsofAnglo Saxons Inthe8thcentury theContinentbegantousethewordAnglo SaxontodistinguishSaxonsinBritainfromSaxonsintheMainland Inthe11thcentury NormansinvadedandbegantoadoptAnglo SaxontorefertothelocalEnglish Beowulf RepresentativeworkinAnglo SaxonPeriod containingmorethan3000lines isanationalepicoftheAnglo SaxonandEnglishpeopleWhat sthemainstoryofBeowulf Socialsignificance characterization simplebydeeds faithfultohispeople braveryinactions callforgrandheroestofightagainstNature Reflectthefeaturesofthetribalsocietyofancienttimes Aestheticvaluealliteration theaccentedwordsinalinebeginwiththesameconsonantsound generally4accentsinaline threeofwhichshowalliteration Examples ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatlandFortheirhero spassing hishearth companions Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved Tohiskinthekindest keenesttopraise fromBeowulf Spring thesweetspring istheyear spleasantkingThenbloomseachthing thenmaidsdanceinaringColddothnotsting theprettybirdsdosing fromThomasNash spoeminthe16thcentury Metaphors ring giverforking swan spathforsea Beowulfwascannonizedsincethe15thcentury Duringthe500years therearemorethan60versionsoftranslation In2000 SeamusHeaney stranslationversionBeowulfwonWhitbreadPrizeandbecamethebestsellerinAmerica In2007 filmBeowulfwasproduced Beowulfonthescreen IVNormanConquest Since1066 French speakingNormansunderDukeWilliamofNormandycametoEngland Englishsocietyenteredintofeudalism EnglishsocietyenteredintoMiddleAgesorMedievalAge Ahigh handconquest BlakeDeathandthepeasant srisingof1381HenryVII thefirstTudorKingofEnglandin1485 EnglishhistoryenteredintoModerntime HenryVIIandTudorDynasty HouseofTudor EstablishedbyHenryVII descendantofOwenTudor aWelshadventurerOwenfooledaroundwiththewidowofHenryV HenryVIIiscrownedattheendofacivilwar theWaroftheRoses HenryVII sfirstsonArthurdiesyoungHenryVIII ruled1509 47 secondsonofHenryVII SignificanceofNormanConquesttheEnglishlanguagewasgreatlyenrichedbytheNormanConquestTheunionofstateandchurch hierarchyandGod centeredworship EnglishFrenchLatintime age epochRise mount ascendAsk question interrogateGoodness virtue probityFast firm secureFire flame conflagrationFear terror trepidationHoly sacred consecrated OralliteratureinNormanTime Romance KingArthurandhisKnightofRoundTable toemphasizetheloyaltytokingandlordsBallads RobinHoodstoshowthefightingspirit indomitablecourageandrevolutionaryenergyoftheEnglishpeasantry GeoffreyChaucer Chaucer slife 1344 1400 Bornin1343inLondonAsasonofawinemerchantanddeputytothekings butlerLittleknownabouthiseducation hecouldreadFrench LatinandItalian WasappointedtothehouseholdoftheCountessofUlsterin1357andstartedhisroyalservicesincethen 5 In1359 1360 wenttoFrancewithEdwardIII sarmyduringtheHundredYears War 6 Gotmarriedin13667 Wentabroadseveraltimesfordiplomaticandcommercialmissions 8 especiallyinItaly hemetBoccaccioandPetrarchin1372 73 muchinfluencebytheItalianhumanists suchasDante 9 Diedin1400andburiedinthepoet scornerofWestminsterAbby10 Chaucer smonumentwaserectedin1555 Chaucer smainworks ThreeperiodsFrenchperiodtranslationwork RomanceoftheRosenarrativepoem TheBookofDuchess thenameChaucerwasfromFrenchoriginandmeantshoemaker 2 ItalianperiodTheHouseofFameParliamentoftheBirdsTroilusandCriseyde3 EnglishperiodCanterburyTale unfinished TheCanterburyTales Apilgrimageof30peopleonaroutetoandfromCanterbury England TotellstoriestoamusethemselvesonthewayHarryBailly theinnkeeper promisedafreemealforthebest storyteller Instructure prologueand24stories intendedtohavemorethan100storiesandkeptunfinishedandhandeddowninmanuscripts Prologueservesasabriefintroduction toenablereaderstohaveageneralviewofthewholecontent Amongthe24individualstories 2inproseand22inverseform WifeofBath sTele TheWifeofBathisdepictedasthenewbourgeoiswifeassertingherindependence ThefamouslinesinCanterburyTales WhanthatAprill withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour WhanZephiruseekwithhissweetebreethInspiredhathineveryholtandheethThetendrecroppes andtheyongesonneHathintheRamhishalfecoursyronne Andsmalefowelesmakenmelodye Thatslepenalthenyghtwithopeneye SoprikethhemNatureinhircorages Thannelongenfolktogoononpilgrimages inMiddleEnglish ModernEnglishversion WheninAprilthesweetshowersfallThatpierceMarch sdroughttotherootandallAndbathedeveryveininliquorthathaspowerTogeneratethereinandsiretheflower WhenZephyralsohaswithhissweetbreath Filledagain ineveryholtandheath Thetendershootsandleaves andtheyoungsunHishalf courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun AndmanylittlebirdsmakemelodyThatsleepthroughallthenightwithopeneye SoNaturepricksthemontorampandrage Thenfolkdolongtogoonpilgrimage 当四月轻柔的甘霖彻底解除了三月的旱情浸透了每一根枝条由此激发出来的生命力孕育了花儿朵朵当带着阵阵香味的和风为树丛和田野中的嫩条带来新芽当春分的太阳 在白羊星座中走完了一半的路程当大自然激起了小鸟的本能在睁着一只眼度过黑夜之后开始唱歌人们渴望踏上朝圣之路云游四方的圣徒期待着踏上各国奇妙的土地和远方的圣殿涌向坎特伯雷 去朝谢备受尊敬的殉教圣人他们的救病恩主托马斯 阿 贝克特 T S Eliot sWasteLand Aprilisthecruelestmonth breedingLilacsoutofthedeadland mixingMemoryanddesire stirringDullrootswithspringrain 四月是最残忍的一个月 荒地上长着丁香 把回忆和欲望参合在一起 又让春雨催促那些迟钝的根芽 Chaucer sliteraryachievements Literaryposition fatherofEnglishpoetry founderofEnglishliteratureHisCanterburyTalesdemonstratesapanoramicrealisticviewofthesocialrealityneartheendoftheMiddleAgebydepictingvividlivesofpeoplefromalllayersofsociety Hemusthavebeenamanofamostwonderfulcomprehensivenature because hehastakenintothecompassofhisCanterburyTalesthevariousmannersandhumorofthewholeEnglishnationinhisage JohnDrydeninPrefacetotheFables 1700 Asatransitionalfigure heenteredaneweraandbroughtbackthenewideasofItalianRenaissancewriters ChaucermadeacrucialcontributiontoEnglishliteratureinwritinginEnglishatatimewhenmuchcourtpoetrywasstillcomposedinAnglo NormanorLatin ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplacealliteration suchasheroiccouplet andfirstusediambicpentameterform Summary Chaucer sgreatnessliesinhiscreationandinnovationinlearningandborrowingothers Reflection WhyitwasChaucer asthefirstEnglishwritertouseEnglishinliterarycreation Whatweretheculturalfeaturesint