201312英语四级段落信息匹配攻略_英语考试_外语学习_教育专区.doc

2013.12英语四级段落信息匹配攻略(认真读一下，我觉得这个新题型很简单，做好了很赚分)自2013年12月考次起，四六级试卷将使用“匹配型长篇阅读”代替快速阅读。这就是在托福及雅思阅读题目中经常出现的段落信息匹配题。样卷地址：2013.12英语四级考试（新题型）样卷-考前必做，非常重要！（四级样卷在另一个word里）从样卷看，此次涉及改革题目的特点是：1、 做题时间1015分钟(整体阅读包括选词填空、匹配和精度，共计40分钟);2、 四级样卷显示需要将10道题目信息配对到9个段落中;3、 六级样卷显示需要将10道题目信息配对到15个段落中;4、 考试说明提到，某段可能被用到两次，而某段可能完全不被涉及。5、 这类题型的出题形式为：题干给出原文的若干条细节信息，要求考生找出文中分别有这些信息的段落(即题目当中会问道：which paragraph contains the following information?)。实际考试中，在时间和耐力的双重压迫下，无奈的考生们颇有“可能就在此段中，只因文深不知处”的感慨!难点分析：1、顺序原则被打破段落细节信息配对题之所以让无数考生闻之色变，主要在于这种题目打破了解答雅思阅读题目传统的阅读技巧和解题思路。首先，作为匹配题代表，这种题型明显不会遵守其他主流题型的“顺序原则”，考生从文章开头到结尾定位的方法显然行不通;2、题目均为长句形式其次，题目当中的表述通常是极其复杂和繁琐的名词短语或者长难句型，在试图寻找合适的定位词之前，考生往往就业已被题干错中复杂的表述搞得云里雾里了;例如四级样卷第51题：The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.3、定位词模糊即使考生能够排除万难，读懂题目陈述中晦涩难懂的意思，寻找定位词仍然存在很大的障碍，因为这类题目往往不会出现非常明显的可以实践拿来主义的明显定位词(数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等等)，即使侥幸被我们碰到一个，这个定位词也通常和文章主题联系密切，且出现多次，所以并没有太大实用意义，例如上题中的U.S.;4、两题对一段的可能性增加干扰性最后，一般选择题至少是一对一进行对应的，如果能够成功选出一对，那么就至少可以排除一个选项。但是在段落细节信息对应题当中，四六级样卷明确提醒：You may choose a paragraph more than once.一段可能被用两次。这样最有效的排除法在这里也就再无用武之地了。所以，从上面四个特点不难看出，如果想从根本上解决这种题型，考试方的思路是希望考生能够从头到尾读完一遍文章，从宏观和微观两个方面全面掌握文章的结构和细节信息之后再进行解题的，但是这种思路对于阅读水平和单词量都有限的四六级考生来说有些难针对四级样题，我们对四级考生提出以下做题建议： 段落信息匹配题的做题攻略一、先看题再看文章1、段落细节信息配对题的陈述虽然都是文章细节信息，但是表述基本都是围绕文章标题或者每一段落的主题进行描述的，通过快速阅读题干部分表述，可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。如四级样卷中Q46Q4846American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.48The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.熟悉四级场景词汇的同学一定认识：university, enrollment, students 名词形式，文章关于美国大学教育或学生的主题就此迅速清楚;在考生看过文章标题Universities Branch Out之后，通过快速预览这道段落细节信息配对题的题干部分，考生可以马上了解到文章所围绕的主题是美国大学的扩张，即使题干中的每一个表述并不是文章的Topic sentence(主旨句)，但是却都与文章的主题息息相关的。所以通过快速浏览这种题目的题干不失为在短时间内掌握文章主旨大意的一种方法。2、用特殊标记词汇尽快定位简单题目：特殊词汇包括：精确数据、非文章高频词的大写或专有名词、斜体或援引内容等如47题Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.3.9 percent.就是一个精确数据，直接定位至C段，即告选择成功。C段Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.又如51题The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.September 11 是一个非高频专有大写，直接定位至H段即告定位成功。H段Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11解决完前两步后，相对困难的时间开始了，我们建议考生用顺序梳理原文的方式，逐一进行答案的确认。二、一段一段速读文章，一道一道梳理题目1、速读每一段，关注段首段尾句和段内重点单词区域(例如逻辑关系等)段首或段尾句可以迅速告知本段主要内容，而常见阅读重点词汇及短语区域则是段内重点信息的表达。因果转折类：but however unfortunately since because the reason让步关系： although though递进关系： not only but also mot merely but比较关系类：more even more than most选择关系：either or or事实罗列：for example in fact序数词： first second at last如四级样卷A段：重点区域：段尾句的转折关系But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.而定位至本句后，根据长难句中关注谓语宾语结构或表语结构，重点位置再次被定位至：has made universities a powerful force，以此句去匹配剩余题目即可。浏览至54题，发现：Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.则答题成功。同理，F段重点句包含BUTThe link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible:浏览至53题，发现Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.则答题成功。2、用同意替换解决速读无法解决的段落及题目。同意替换是阅读类题目终极解决方案，它包括单词或短语甚至句子用另一种含义表达的所有形式。相对而言，四级部分更多强调词语的同意替换，例如上题中，段落中的link变成题目中的linking。当然，也有一定难度的题目来影响考生的分数。如四级样卷E段：Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.本段可以定位的位置有：首句尾句;4,300，95(精确数字);Fudan University(非高频大写专有)等。仔细浏览完毕题目，发现没有任何明显信息可以进行匹配。只有49题：The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.包含一个globalization.仔细分析，发现这句话对应的就是E段段首。其同意替换对应关系为：Reshape-has changed; research is done-research is carried out.同意替换因为有一定难度，于是成为匹配题最佳解决方案，这是一个需要积累和锻炼的能力，我们建议：第一、平时背词汇时，多多注意目标词汇的同意词和近义词，以及短语。特别关注其英文解释，这会逐渐给大家省很多力气;第二、每次做完题目后，都积累阅读和听力科目中全部同意替换的方式，今后考试中被重复考到几率是很高的。总结段落信息匹配题的做法：1、先看题再回文章，包含两步：关注主题(主标题或副标题)+定位简单特殊明确的位置(如特殊数据)2、 速读文章再看题，需要关注重点词汇区域3、 最后使用同意替换能力来解决剩余题目最后，我们总结了一批常见的段落信息匹配的高频考点位置，请识记：涉及到首段的提示词：overview /past/introduction/initiation/orientation/main idea/view/concept/definition/cause/demonstration/essence/explanation+topic涉及到尾段的提示词：future / in the future / solution /conclusion / suggest or suggestion /Summary/prediction/effect+topic特殊词帮助定位：含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等词的信息往往对应%较多的段落含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等词的信息往往对应数字集中的段落含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / commercial等词的信息往往对应￥$符号多的段落2013.12英语四级考试(新题型)冲刺03-翻译Part IV Translation.(30minutes)66、中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。2013.12英语四级考试(新题型)冲刺03-阅读ASection A36、Questions 36-46 are based on the following passage.The typical preindustrial family not only had a good many children，but numerous other dependents as wellgrandparents，uncles，aunts and cousins.Such“extended”families were suited for survival in slow paced _36_societies.But such families are hard to_37_.They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs，and to move again whenever necessary.Thus the extended family38 shed its excess weight and the so called“nuclear”family emergeda strippeddown，portable family unit_39_0nly of parents and a small set of children.This new style of family,far more_40_than the traditional extended family，became the standard model in all the industrial countries.Super-industrialism，however,the next stage of ec0technological development，_41_ even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process，a step further by remaining children，cutting the family down to its more_42_components，a man and a woman.Two people，perhaps with matched careers，will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status，through job changes and geographic relocations，than the ordinarily childcluttered family.A_43_maybe the postponement of children，rather than childlessness.Men and women today are often torn in_44_between a commitment to career and a commitment to children.In the future，many_45_will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.36、第(36)题_37、第(37)题_38、第(38)题_39、第(39)题_40、第(40)题_41、第(41)题_42、第(42)题_43、第(43)题_44、第(44)题_45、第(45)题_2013.12英语四级考试(新题型)冲刺03-阅读BSection B46、回答46-56题：A)Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.B)As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses but also because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students. C)A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.It can start with the name of the book and the authors name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.D)One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an object from the bag to report the book he/she has read， there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spinoff on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.E)This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.F)As a voung adult，your students fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening in the world and get the authors perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the authors world.G)In a technologyobsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school， you will need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a welladapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.H)If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the authorsDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the authors life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.I)These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.Teachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.47、 Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.48、 Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.49、 Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.50、 Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.51、 Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.52、 While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.53、 The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.54、 If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.55、 Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.2013.12英语四级考试(新题型)冲刺03-阅读CSection C56、Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.The ownership of pets brings a variety of benefits that the uninitiated would never believe.For every tale of shredded cushion，flattened plants，and chew slippers，there is another testimony of intelligence，sympathy and undying devotion.Now the gowing body of research into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good.Researchers have established the value of pets in soothing and reassuring humans，particularly when ill，lonely or in distress.Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we dont always get from out human nearest and dearest.Our makeshift understanding psychology leads many of us to view very close relationships with pets with suspicion.Childless couples in particular give rise to speculation，but a consultant in animal behavior says，“There is no evidence that a pet is a direct substitute for child.”And while many adults feel foolish if caught talking to their pets，they have no need to.The experts say you cannot have a close relationship with a pet without treating it as a person and that talking to a pet is notun healthy.simply a way of establishing camaraderie.The shaking helplessness of a young puppy or fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts deep within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the hope of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of life and death.Hut animals dont have to besoft and fond to bring out the best in us.A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets“if handled correctly they respond with friendship;if incorrectly they bite.” There seems to be no doubt that，emotionally and physically,our pets do us goodthere is a Drice to be paid.When loved animal dies，it is often a traumatic eventand then where do we tum for comfort?Pets are sometimes criticized because they_.A.lack intelligenceB.are destructiveC.need considerable careD.demand affection57、 The idea that animals are a substitute for children is_.A.supported by research B.encouraged by psychologistsC.an argument for keeping a pet D.a common prejudice58、 Talking to animals is_.A.sillyB.suspiciousC.beneficialD.stimulating59、 A ferret is probably a kind of_.A.tame animal B.fierce anitaalC.lovely animal D.tamable animal60、 The writer believes that pets are valuable to ch