外文翻译-信息管理系统简介

0外文原文TheinformationmanagementsystembriefintroductionA.outputbackgroundofthemanagementinformationsystemTheinformationisakindofresources,inpassbyof30years,theeverytradeusuallyallhadnotafewmanagersandadministrationsthemastermindtreatedthedataprocessingandcalculatorsisolatedly.Resultinthereasonofthiskindofviewpointis,thedataprocessing(DP)andtheinformationservice(IS)thepersonneldoesnotwishtouseeasilydrivethelanguagethatcustomer(namelythepersonnelofusagecalculator)comprehendandcustomercarriesontheexchanges.Themanagerlackstheinterestandinabilitiesasdinttothiskindofexchanges,causedeferthedevelopmentofthecalculatorsystem,thusfosteringtoliveinisolationinmanyotheraspectsandthephenomenonoftheredundancylabor.Communicatewiththeinformationattendantinthecustomeraspect,thereisnoanunithopecanmakeperfect,but,havesomeunitsindeedtohavealreadyobtainedthemoreverysuccessfulexperience.Thecustomerthinkswithsomeunitsoftheinformationattendantmatchtacitunderstanding:Thiskindofsuccessfulreasonliein,thecustomerhasalreadycontroledbasicknowledgeofthecalculatorandtheinformationresourcesmanagement.Itisthusclearthat,customerthemanagercontrolstheknowledgeofthisaspectisverynecessary.Perfectlyright,theinformationservewhatprofessionalpersonnelistohavethisaspectknowledge,buttouseamanagertoacquiretheseknowledges,mustpasstheregularstudy,readingandfulfillments.Togetherbetweentheinformationattendantrelationofappropriateprocessingcustomer,canstrengthenthebothpartiestoworkincoordination.Forbuildingupandsupportinganinformationsystemofhighquantity,theeveryonemustrespectthewilloftheotherparty.Thegoodandbadofthesystemquantityisdirecttobecomethedirectproportionwithcustomerandaqualityforworkincoordinationoftheinformationattendant.Everythosecustomermanagerswhowouldnotliketocontrolthebasicknowledgeofrelevantcalculatorandtheinformationresources1managementaspectsandadministrationmastermind,willbecomethebehindthetimenecessarily,participatethedevelopmenttrendsthattheinformationsystemdevelopstheprocessdirectlyincurrentthiskindofencouragementcustomerespeciallyunder.Recommendinthepast,customermanagertoalargeextentisdependontheinformationattendant,theinformationsystemthatdevelopmentandrealizationsneedof.Owingtotheinformationserviceneedsthecontinuousdevelopmentvariety,leavingtheresponsibilitythatdiscriminatesandraisesthesystemnowtocustomer-thisisalsoareasonshouldof.Thecustomerparticipatesthedevelopmentoftheinformationsystemmorely,thiskindoftrendasearlyas70sthemiddlestarted,and,fromthattimehereafterdevelopconstantly,havealreadyenteredtheinformationattendantnowtogetheragesofthecustomercooperation.Becauseonlyhavethecustomertoevenunderstandthattheywanttogetfromtheinformationsystembythemselveswhat.Thecustomerparticipatesthetypicalmodelcaseperformanceoftheinformationresourcesmanagement(IRM)inthedistributetypedataprocessing(DDP)aspect.Inthisaspect,thecustomernotonlyneedtoattendthedevelopmentofthesystem,andbutalsoneedtoberesponsibleforthehardwareequipmentsthatmanagethesystemmovementsdemandandpersonnel.Peopledidnotknowuntilmostinthelastfewyears:Theinformationisakindofresources,musttakeintotheexploitationtothiskindofworthyresources,dontmakeitthewhitewhiteruntowaste.Incompetetheenvironmentofthevehemence,managerandadministrationthemastermindmustmakeuseoftheinformationavailably,otherwisehardhaveafootholdintheinvincibleposition.Inthepast,manageronlythecalculatorseeisasavingmoneyoftool,butnow,thecalculatorisseeisatoolthatcreatedtheprofits.Eachcompanieshaveagreatdealofof,didntyetdiscoverof,canmakeuseofthepotentialofthecalculatorandtheinformationresources.Discoverthiskindofpotentialtheknowledgelevelofthecalculatorandtheinformationprocessingthatdemandhave,ismostmanagersandtheadministrationmastermindswhatliesinonespowersof.B.basictypeoftheinformationsystemTheinformationsystemcanbeartificialoraccordingtocalculatorof,independentor2comprehensiveof,becometocriticizeprocessingoformachineof.Theusualinformationsystemisthecombinationofabove-mentionedvarioustype.Certainlyitcantbeindependentagaincomprehensive,1.Theindependentsystemisforsatisfyingacertainandparticularappliedrealm(suchas,personalmanagement)butdesign.Theindependentsystemcontainitsowndocument,thesedocumentstaketohavethecertainredundancybyallmeans.2.Thecomprehensiveinformationsystempassesthedatathattheyusebutdrivecomprehensivetogether.Thesystemmakesuseofadatabasewithcommonlysharedresourcestoattainthecomprehensivepurpose.Forexample,thewagessystemrequeststofindoutthedatafromthehumanresourcesystemandaccountancyssystemsingoorder.3.Takingtheartificialsystemasthefoundationhasalreadydeveloppedacalculatorinformationsystemofvariouseachkind.Sofar,whilecarryontheartificialthecalculatorturn,stilllacktodesigntheexperienceand(or)thewantforinformationattendantsandexchangesbetweencustomers.Alsoistosay,drewlessonsfromtheworkflowoftheartificialsystemdirectlyaccordingtotheworkflowofthesystemofthecalculator.Usuallythesesystemsareindependent,andusedtoonlythecalculatortohandlethemachineforthedata.Whiledesignthesesystems,fewinconsiderationofendwantintentionthattheysynthesize.4.Theinformationsystemalsocanpresscriticizeprocessing,themachineprocessingortwocombinationsestocategorize.Inbecomecriticizehandlesystem,dividebusinessanddatastocriticizeagroundofprocessingorthecreationstatement.Forexample,thebankcodeagreatdealofcheck,thenatadayend,criticizetheplacecheckseparately,rowprefaceandcarryontheprocessing.Againsuchas,forpreventfromingtheairlinepullinginthetowerasellthetickettoorderwithinAtlantaofanothersellthelastticketthattheticketorderstosellsomeoneservicegonetoSanFranciscofromLosAngelesatthesametime,theairlinesystembookthetickettomustbethemachineof,withthecurrentappearanceofthereflectiondatabase.Mostsmachineinformationsystemalsohasresultstoshowtherequestofcriticizetheprocessing.Evenappearedtheinformationresourcesmanagement(IRM)system,andafterthepotentialofthecalculatorinformationsystemgotextensiveacknowledgement,mostsystemsarestillindependentcriticizetohandlethesystem.Nowthesesysteminthemosthasalreadylosttheusevalue,andisre-designed3comprehensiveof,thesystemofthemachine.Passthedefinitioncanknow,ingcomprehensivetorequestthebusinessrealmmanagerandcompanytheleadershipcooperatesclosely.Theinformationservetheprofessionalpersonnelandcanbetheadviser,butrelevantcomprehensiveinformationsystemandthebusinessrealmofconflictanddifferencethenshouldbesolvebythecustomergroup.Environmentthatsolvesthesedifferencestosynthesizewiththerealrealizationistheinformationattendanttocustomerthemanagerputforwardofchallenge.C.socialinfluenceoftheinformationsystemThesocialinfluenceofvariouscompanyinformationsystemistheresponsibilitythattheinformationservesthemanagerandprofessionalrealmmanagers.Shouldcheckallplansinofandexistinginformationsystem,todistinguishwhetherthesesystemswillbringtheharmfulsocietyinfluenceornot.Shouldchecktheexistingsystemwithregularityspecially.Thesocietyinfluencemaybeinternal,bealsolikelytobeexteriorortwoandbuthaveit.Theseriousdegreeofaffectwillinvolvefromtheofficersandworkersnotlikethiskindofshortdateofacertainnewmethodtoaffectbecausethecalculatorturnsbutmakessomeofficersandworkersesreducesuchlong-terminfluence.Thesecircumstancesexplainedtheinformationsystemharmfulinternalsocietyinfluence.Ifknowthattheparticularandappliedsystemthatacertaincalculatorofrealization(undertheconditionofsome,onlyisdesign)turnwillbringtheharmfulsocietyinfluenceinadvance,socustomerthemanagershouldservethemanagerandcompanymanagementsectionwithinformationtocooperate,respondingthiskindofinfluencetocontracttominimumextent.Theexteriorsocietyinfluenceinvolveswiththosepersonwhothecompanyhasthefriendlyintercourse.(customer,client,attendant,creditoretc.)Thechangeofacertainprocedureisalsopossibletobringimportantinfluencetotheimageofthecompanies,thusalsoaffectingtheprofitsofthecompany.Forexample,averyandgreatlythenationwidepublicenterprisecompanydecisionrepealisin12serviceorganizationsofsmalltown,thenrequesttheresidentsofthesetownsandwillpaytomailthecompanyoriginallydepartment,thatcompanydidnotestimatetheinfluencethatthiskindofchangeonthepolicybring.The4residentsareangrywithcantdirectlyhandoverstylegivenativeorganization.Uniqueresultistheorganizationthatthepublicenterprisecompanymustre-setupthoseplaces,andexaminefromthebeginninglately-installacceptthedebtsystem.D.thefunctionandtheresponsibilityofthecustomerandtheinformationservicedepartmentAquantityofinformationsystemandabenefitswithfuturecompany,ontheverybigdegreedependencehencedeniedtorulethefunctionandtheresponsibilityofthecustomerandtheinformationservicedepartmentclearly.Thefunctionandresponsibilitiesoftheunderneathareinkeepingwithtomostunits,howeverforisingsuitableforowncircumstanceandshouldingstillmakealittleamountofmodification.Thefunctionandtheresponsibilityofthecustomer:1.Theinformationsystempolicycommittee(ISPC).Theinformationservesthedeluxecoordinationcommission,usuallybeingleaderbythehighclassofthecustomertoconstitute.Therefore,theresponsibilityofthatcommitteeistheresponsibilityofthecustomer.ISPCapprovaltosomegravenessesrequestthatinformationserve,builduphavingtheinitiativetheclasssystem,solvethedifferencebetweeneachsectionandbuildupthefirst-degreeinformationservicecounterplanofcompany.2.Acceptthereform.Thecalculatorturn,inregardtoitsessence,meanthereform.Butthepersondoesnotwishtoacceptthereformessentially.Thewholesectionbrush-offofthesomebusinessrealmcarriesoutthecircumstanceofaninformationsystemnotseldomseen.Eveniftothepersonnelassuranceofthatsectionandtheyalsobelievethattheendproductwillraisetherateofproductionthattheyworkandmakeunderpersonalsatisfiedcircumstance,alsostillsuch.Themanagerofthecustomerhastheresponsibilitycreationtheappropriateenvironmenttoaccepttheineluctablereform-carryoutacalculatorinformationsysteminthatcompany.Performisoneofthebestpathsthatencouragementacceptstoreformprobably.Performasuccessfulinformationsystem(isthecompanyinnerpartinspiteofoforexteriorof)needstocostsometimeproperly.Shouldencouragethepeopletocarryontheexchangeswiththosepersonswhoturnstheaspecttobesubjected5tofrustrateinthecalculator.3.Thesystemserviceclaim.Theplaitwritestheserviceclaimandhandsoveristheresponsibilityoftheendcustomerfortheinformationservicedepartment.4.Tothesupportoftheinformationserviceitem.Isntthememberofanitemsetevenif,customerthemanagerstillshouldparticipatetheactivityoftheitem,becausetheendproductoftheitemsetisendwilltothemethod,workofthesectionandsucceedtoproducetheimportantinfluence.Shouldrequestthecustomermanagerisaftereachimportantstagecompletethesigningapprove.Somecustomermanagersexistakindofinnocentviewpoint,theythinkthatthenormalprogressoftheitemisanaturallyof,butsystemwillcompletelyaccordingtohopetowassocomplete,theprocedurethatsigningapproveistheresponsibilityofthecustomer,andforthesuccessoftheitemistogotopassimportant.Thiskindofsigningnotonlymeanthesatisfiedapprovalthatdesignstothebasicsystem,andbutalsomeantheapprobationtowardthedetailedfunctionmanual.Managerandtheiremployeesofcustomersshouldmeettherelevantitemtoconstitutethemember,comprehendingandagreeingwiththesystemsuggestforthemeverywaytocarryonthepitactually.Atthestageofendcantstillover-emphasizetheimportanceofthesigningapprobation,becausethethattimesystemfunctionamanualstillisfreezeof.Atthesystemofthemodificationratiothatstageofdorealizationafterdothemanpowerthatsamemodificationneedtowanttobelittleandhavetohaveanother.Forexample,mayneedapersononlytothemodificationofsomedocumentdesigntocancompletenolongerthanadayinstageof,butaftersystemcarryout,dothesamemodificationandmayrequestseveralindividualstodoafewmonths.Thecustomershouldfindouttheblemishasearlyaspossible,andbeforeunderstandingthesystemthoroughly,beforeusethesectionsatisfaction,donotsigntheapprobation.5.Educate.Themanagerofthecustomerandcustomerthepersonnelisresponsibleforthetrainingthatprovidesthebusinesstotheinformationattendant.(forexample,stockmethod,theopenaccountprinciple.etc.)Accordingtothesizeoftheitemset,thiskindof6trainingcansummittheformtocarryonwiththepersonalformorgroup.Ifcustomerthemanagercanrecommendsomeinformationssources(suchasbook,magazine,regularcourse.etc.)thatcanmakeuseofalsohelpfultotraining.Thecustomeralsomayneedtobesometohavesomethingtodowithtrainingofcalculatorandtheinformationsystemofknowledge.Theinformationservicedepartmentwillberesponsibleforthiskindoftraining.Thecustomerjustattendsthetraining.Thecontentsofthiskindoftrainingincludestobelikehowtousethecalculatorhardware,accordingtotheworkprincipleofthecalculatorsystemandinvolvethetrainingofnotdeeplygeneralcalculatorknowledgeetc.topic.6.Thedatarecordstogointo.Accordingtothescopethatthetraditionalinformationserviceworkingtalentdistribute,thecustomergroupmayparticipatealmostallaspectsoftheinformationservice.(includetorecordtogointotheprogramdesignfromthedata)Atleast,thecustomersectionwantstoberesponsiblefortheimportationofthesystem.Inthemachinesystem,thedataimportationstillincludetoisareadableformofmachinetheoriginaldataconversionthatcomesfromthevideofrequencymanifestationequipments.Inbecomecriticizehandlesystem,thecustomerisresponsibleforcompletingaccurateandlegaloriginaldata.Thenrecordtheseoriginaldatascriticizeseparatelyeruptthedataofsendtotheinformationserviceintothesection.Thiskindofaseriousproblemthatbecomestocriticizetoturntorecordtheprocessingismanycharacterlistsareillegalintheoriginaldata,thiswillcausetousuallymakeaphonecallforthecustomersectionorseektocomeorsavedintointhedatabasebadorthedataofthemistake.Themanagerofthecustomershouldknowthelegitimacyandtheaccuracyequalimportanceofthecharacterlist.Shouldencouragetheimportancethatclerkspersonnelknowsaccurateandcleanandneattwos.7.Forprovideofinformationservicehandoverthefee.Accordingtothedissimilarityofeachcompanypolicy,theservicethatthecustomersectionmayprovidetotheinformationservicedepartmentpayallorpartsofexpensesornotpay,havealreadyadoptedatypicalmodeltochargethosecompaniesofsystemandwillconsultwith,analyzethememberandprogramdesignsservice,usethehardwaremachineandusetosavethemachineandmaterialstotheinnerpart,chargetothecustomeropenaccount.8.Theperiodical7evaluationinformationsystem.Aninformationsystem(itsownership)fromthecustomersectionown,notfromtheinformationservicedepartmentown.Therefore,carryontotheirinformationsystemtheregularcommentarywithregularityisthecustomermanagersresponsibility.Thesecommenton,willriseakindofaggressivefunctionfortheimprovementsystem.Thefunctionandtheresponsibilityoftheinformationservicedepartment:1.Keepadvancedsexonthetechnique.Becausethetechniqueofthemodernisinthevarietyeveryday,thecompanycantneglecttodeclinelowcostandsuggesttheopportunityofthehighperformance.Formakinguseoftheexistingtechnique,theinformationattendantmustbejoinforcetokeepadvancedsexonthetechniquewithonemind.Theinformationservicedepartmentandcustomersmanagethetechniqueinventionthatthesectionshouldnoticetothosetoraisetherateofproductionandefficiencyprobably.2.Risetopromotethefunction.Intheaspectsofdiscoveringthenewinformationsystemandraisingtheexistinginformationsystem,theinformationattendantshouldrisetopromotethefunction.Anyimprovementdataprocessingormanagementmakepolicytheopportunitiesoftheprocessandshouldcauseconcerningthebusinessrealmmanagersattention.3.Providetosuggestthesource.Theinformationattendantistoprovidethesuggestionandadvisoryheadspringstowardthecustomergroup.Theinformationservicedepartmentshouldprovideanorganization(forexample,customercontactsection),forthepurposeofcustomercanpassthatorganizationrequestsuggestionoftherelevantcalculatorandtheinformationprocessing.4.Helpthecustomerinsystemdevelopprocess.Thesystemdevelopmentprocesspresshalftohalfofcomparisons,fromtheexpertofthebusinessrealmwith(theinformationsystemaspect)techniquetheexpertcombinetogether,developpingtogetheratakecalculatorasthebasalinformationsystem.By1980,itistheresponsibilityoftheinformationservicedepartmentthatpopularviewpointisthesystemdevelopmentincustomerandtheinformationattendants.Today,theinformationsystemisownbycustomer,therefore,thesystemdevelopmentistheresponsibilityofthecustomer.Theresponsibilityoftheinformationservicedepartmentisaninformationsystemitemthatshelpthecustomerto8carryoutthem.5.Providethemovementabilityfortheinformationsystem.Theinformationservicedepartmentisresponsibleforapartthatproducesthesystemtohavesomethingtodowithhardware.Certainly,thisisisnotsuitableforintodistributethedataprocessingenvironmentalso.So-calledhavesomethingtodowithhardwarethepartincludestheengineroom,control,outputstosendouttorecordtogointowithdata.(onlyrightnessbecomecriticizetohandletheenvironment)Theresponsibilityconcerningdatabase,sometimeswillproducetoconfuse.Thecompanydatabaseissavingsavingequipmentsatthebigcapacitythatbecontrolbytheinformationattendantandoperateup.Themanagingpersonofthedatabaseisresponsibleforthephysicsandlogicalmaintenancesofthedatabase.However,toanychangeofthedatabaseistoiscarriedonthepushbythecustomerimportation,therefore,theaccuracyofthedatabaseisfromthecustomerberesponsiblefor,notdatabasemanagingpersonisresponsibleof.6.Supportthedataoftheinformationsystem.Tothewhicheverandexistinginformationsystem,thecompletesetdataincludesthecirculatetheorder,thedatabasedata(maysupportoneorseveralinformationsystemses)andusersmanualsofthesystemandprogramdesigndata,thecalculatoroperator.Mustreflecttoanyimprovementofthesysteminabove-mentioneddata,thesedatasaredistributebytheinformationattendantandsupport.7.Forthecompanywholeturntoprovidethehelp.Thedatabecomescomprehensive(combination)toolofcompany.Eachcompany,theeducationsectionandthegovernmentagencyallexisttheredundancyinthedataandprocedureses.Theinformationservicedepartmentcontainresponsibilityprovidetheability(hardwareandexpert)onthetechniquetoremovethiskindofphenomenon.8.Providetoeducatetheproject(outline)towardthecustomer.Nowadayswidespreadviewpointis,thecustomerhandletheeducationoftheaspectinthecalculatorandinformation,havingtheimportantinfluencesuccessfullyforanunit.Themanagerofthecustomeranddeluxeadministrationleadershipismakinguseoftheprofessionalpubliclecturerandfacingtothebookand