外文翻译原文-基于射频识别系统的网络信息平台的研究与实现

StudyandImplementationofaNetworkingInformationPlatformforRFIDSystemChau-ChungSongDept.ofAeronauticalEngineering,NationalFormosaU.twYin-ChiehHsuDept.ofElectricalEngineering,ChungHuaU.twChiz-ChungChengDept.ofElectricalEngineering,Lee-MingInstituteofTHong-LinKeDept.ofAeronauticalEngineering,NationalFormosaU.twDer-CherngLiawDept.ofElectricalandControlEngineering,NCTU,T.twAbstract-RFIDsystemhasbeentreatedasoneoftheimportanttechnologieswhichareenoughtoinfluencetheevolutionsoftheglobalindustryinthenearfuture,especiallyforthesupplychainandlogisticsmanagement.TheRFIDtechnology1mayprovidetherequirementsofthereal-timetrackingandhighprecisionintheapplicationoflogisticsystems.Inthispaper,anetworkinginformationplatformintegratedwithRFIDsystemisstudiedandproposedbyusingtheinternettechniquestoincreasethemanagementcapabilityandtoachievethenetworkroutingfunctionoftagdatafortheenterpriseapplications.SinceoneofthemostimportantfactorsforRFIDapplicationsistoconstructtheintegratedandreliablesystemplatformofnetworkinginformation,thissystemplatformwillplayoneofkeytechnologiesfordataroutingandnetworkingintegrationintheinfrastructureofRFIDsystems.ThemainresultsofthispaperarefocusedondevelopingthenetworkingintegrationtechnologiestomonitorthereadersandcapturethetagEPCdataviaWebserverandtheinternet,andimplementingtheinterfacingtechnologiesofSavantmiddlewarebetweenRFIDreaderanddatabaseservertomediatethedataflowfromtheclientstotheenterprises.Inconclusion,thenetworkinginformationplatformforRFIDsystemisdevelopedandevaluatedtodemonstratethepracticalfeasibilityofRFIDapplicationsinthispaper.I.INTRODUCTIONRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)isanautomaticidentificationtechnologyforobjectsurveillancesandinformationcollections.Theapplicationofthewirelessradiofrequencynotonlyimprovestheidentificationefficiencyofthetagsandincreasestheprocessingspeedofdata,butalsoreducestheidentificationerrorsofthetagsandincreasestheapplicableconvenienceforRFIDsystem.Theidentifiableinformationaboutpeople,animals,objectsandproductsfortransportwillbeformattedbytheEPCcodeshidedinRFIDtags.TheinternettechnologyisavailabletodeveloptheRFIDsystemplatformconsistedofthenetwork,themiddlewareandtheapplicationsoftwarebetweentheworldwidecompanies.Therefore,thekeyissuesabouttheeffectivemonitoringandThisresearchwassupportedbytheNationalScienceCouncil,Taiwan,R.O.C.underGrants:NSC93-2218-E-216-007,NSC94-2213-E-150-039andNSC95-2221-E-150-093.managementplaythemoreimportantrolesfortheobject-trackingandinventorymanagementsystemsonRFIDnetworks.ThenetworkingintegrationofsystemplatformisanurgentrequirementforRFIDapplications.RFIDsystemisintegratedwiththenetworkingtechnologytocrossthroughthespacelimitationfordatatransmissionsothatthedeliverytimeisshorterandthemanagementefficiencyiswellimproved.TheapplicationsofRFIDsystemprovidethediversificationandinnovationfunctionsforthefuturelifestyleofhumanbeing.TheresearchesandliteraturesonRFIDtechnologyhaverecentlybecomeverypopularandvaluableinmanyapplicationdomains.Forexample,thenetworkinginterfaceandtheSavantmiddlewarearestudiedandimplementedintheembeddedandfirmwaredesign1-3.Furthermore,thenetworkingintegrationtechnologyforimprovingtheefficiencyofdatatransformationisthemainstudytopicinthemiddlewareandsoftwaredesign4-6.ThenetworkarchitecturesofRFIDsystemshavebeenrapidlystudiedanddevelopedbytheresearchesandproviders,suchasAUTO-IDcenterandEPCGlobalorganization.Inthispaper,RFIDnetworkingsystemplatformisdesignedandimplementedbyapplyingtheinternetprotocolandnetworkingtechnology.Furthermore,thenetworkinginformationplatformforRFIDsystemisdevelopedandtestedtoevaluatethesystemperformance.ThemaintargetofthispaperisfocusedondevelopingthenetworkingintegrationtechnologiestomonitorthereadersandcapturethetagEPCdataviaWebserverandtheinternet,andimplementingtheinterfacingtechnologiesofSavantmiddlewarebetweenRFIDreaderanddatabaseservertomediatethedataflowfromtheclientstotheenterprises.Thenetworkinginformationplatformisintegratedtostore,manageandanalyzethevaliddataofEPCtagsforRFIDsystems.Furthermore,thesavantmiddlewareonRFIDnetworkisdevelopedbyapplyingthenetworkingtechnologyintheinternet,basedontheembeddedsystem.TheformatofdatapackagebetweenRFIDmiddleware/WebserverandthedatabaseisdesignedandimplementedbyusingXMLprotocol.Moreover,theCGIprotocolisusedtoperformthenetworkmonitoringanddynamictrackingforobjectsurveillanceandtoachievethereal-timesystemperformanceonsystemcenter.Moreover,thefeasibilityevaluationofsystemperformanceisdemonstrated978-1-4244-1706-3/08/$25.002008IEEE.andtestedbyintegratingthereader,thesavant,theONSserver,andthedatabase/WebserverintoRFIDnetworkusinginternetprotocol.Theorganizationofthispaperisdescribedasfollows.SectionIintroducesthemotivationandkeyissuesinthispaper.TheRFIDsystemandnetworkarchitectureisthenintroducedandinterpretedinSectionII.SectionIIIdevelopsthesystemdesignofRFIDnetworkingplatform.Furthermore,anetworkinginformationplatformforRFIDsystemisintegratedandtestedinSectionIV.TheintegrationofRFIDnetworkisdemonstratedtoevaluatethefeasibilityofsystemplatformbyusingEthernetprotocol.Theperformancetestingisalsopresentedanddiscussed.Finally,theconclusionisgiveninSectionV.II.RFIDSYSTEMANDNETWORKAbasicRFIDsystemconsistsofthetags,thereaders,thecomputerhost,andtheapplications.ThetagdataareelectronicallyprogrammedwithuniqueinformationsuchasEPC.Theantennaofreadersemitstheradiofrequencysignalstoactivatethetagandread/writethedata.Therefore,theelectromagneticfieldactsasaconduitbetweenthetagandthereaders,whichalsocontrolsthesystemdataacquisitionandcommunication.Throughthecontactlesstechnologiesofradiofrequency,thereadersofRFIDsystemsmaysensethemultipledataofelectronictagsatthesametime,hencetheperformanceofidentificationsystemshavegreatlyincreasedsuchasthereadingvelocity,capability,anddistance.Theelectronictagsmaystorethebulkdataandpossessthelonglifetimeforusing.Moreover,thetoleranceoftagsandtheidentificationabilityofreadersfortheharshenvironmentsareverysuperiorandreliable.RFIDsystempossessesthenetworkinginterrelationshipamongthehardware,thesoftwareandsomedatainterfaces.Theelectronicproductcode(EPC)storedintagsmayprovidethepreciseidentificationfortheobject-trackingandinventorymanagementbytheinternetnetworktoincreasethetransmissionefficiencyofproducts.InordertoconstructtheRFIDinformationsystem,thenetworkingarchitectureiscomposedofthesethreeexecutingactivities18.TheEPCGlobalproposesthespecificstandardstosupporttheoperatingprinciplesinthedifferentlayer.Theinstitutionsofprotocolspecificationswillprovidetheexchangestandardofobjectinformationamongusersandplayakeyrolefordatacommunication.Furthermore,thesestandardsalsoprovidethearchitecturalguidancetoendusersandcommercialvendorsseekingthepropersolutiontoimplementRFIDsystem.ThenetworkingarchitectureofRFIDsystembasedonEPCstandardsconsistsofthereaders,Savant,PMLServerandONSServerdepictedasFigure1.Viathetransmissionprotocolofradiofrequencytechnology,thereadersreceivecontinuouslythetagdatainthefront-endofRFIDnetworkingsystem.Thereceiveddataaretransfertothesavantcomputers.Sincethebulkoftagdatamaycontaintheduplicatedorinvaliddata,theSavanthostplaysaroleofdatafiltertocatchthesignificantinformation.Bytheextractionofsavantcomputer,thedataquantityisdecreasedinthebackendofnetworkandthesystemperformanceisfurtherincreased18.ObjectNameServices(ONS)ServerisusedtolookforthevendorinformationofproductscorrespondingtorelatedcodeintagsEPClikethefunctionofDomainNameServices(DNS)bythestandardofUniformReferenceLocators(URLs).Inaddition,thePhysicalMarkupLanguage(PML)ServerisusedtoprovidethepackageformatofEPCdataincludingtheproductdatabaseofvendors.WhentheSavantreceivesatagdata,throughthetransformationofthevendorinformationintheEPCfromtheONSServer,thesignificantEPCdatawillbesenttothecorrespondinglyphysicaladdressofPMLServerbytheoperationofSavant.TheintegratednetworkingarchitectureofRFIDsystemisdescribedastheorganizedstructuresimilartotreelikediagram.ThereadersgetthetagdatainthebottomlayerofthetreeandthensendtotheSavanthost.TheSavantcomputerdealsproperlywiththereceiveddataofreaders.TheusefuldatabethenpackedbythePMLformatandsenttoPMLserver.ThePMLservesareconnectedeachotherbylocalareanetwork(LAN)andlinkeduptheinternetbytheGatewayPMLserverregardedasthewindowtotheoutsideworld.Viatheworldwideinternet,theintegratedRFIDnetworksmayconstructaubiquitoussystemplatformtoachievethefunctionsofdatamanagementandinformationcommunication8.Fig.1.SystemarchitectureofRFIDnetworkbasedonEPCstandards1.III.SYSTEMDESIGNOFRFIDNETWORKINGPLATFORMTheRFIDsystemprovidestheexcellentcharacteristicsofthereal-timetrackingandhighprecisionintheapplicationofmoving-objectsystems.Bywayoftheextensionofinternetarchitecturesandtheadvancedtechniquesofobjectidentificationandtracking,RFIDsystemmaycollecttheentirerecordsandactasthereal-timemonitoringmechanismfortheobjecttrackingandlogisticmanagement.Inthispaper,RFIDnetworkingsystemisconstructedbyusingtheexceptionalinternetfunctionstoachieveanetworkinginformationplatformfortheenterpriseapplications.ThebasiccomponentsandarchitectureofRFIDnetworkingplatformareshowedasFigure2.Fig.2.BasiccomponentsandarchitectureofRFIDnetworkingplatform8.A.ONSServerONSServerservedasDNSininternetnetworkisusedtolookfortheIPaddressinformationofproductvendorscorrespondingtotherelatedcodebythestandardofUniformReferenceLocators(URLs).Whilethereaderreceivesthetagdata,thevendorIDintheEPCmaytranslatethephysicalIPaddressbywayoftheONSinterfaceoftheSavant.ThecommandformatoftheONSsearchadoptstheURLstandard.ThestandarddefinitionofURLis“Object.Manager.T”whereObjectrepresentstheEPCObjectNumber,ManageistheEPCodeManageNumber,andTypeshowstheHeadercodeofEPCdata,respectively910.TheURLdataissenttotheONSservertotranslatethephysicalIPaddressoftheremotedatabaseviatheONSinterfaceofSavant.ItisfollowedthattheXMLcodeistransmittedtotheremotedatabasebytheTCP/IPprotocolontheinternet.Figure3depictsthecommunicationinterfacebetweenONSandSavantmiddleware.ThelastlineinFigure3showstheIPaddressoftheremotedatabasequeriedandsearchedfromtheONSserver.Fig.3.CommunicationinterfacebetweenONSandSavantmiddleware.B.DatabaseSystemThedatabaseServeractsastheinformationcenterofsystemplatformtocollect,storeandmanagethewholedataandrecordsforRFIDnetwork.WhentheSavantreceivesatagdata,throughthetransformationofthevendorinformationintheEPCfromtheONSServer,thesignificantEPCdatawillbesenttothecorrespondinglyphysicaladdressofdatabaseServerbytheoperationofSavantmiddleware.ViathedatabaseinterfaceoftheSavant,thetagdataissenttotheremotedatabasebythetextformatofXML.ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)isasimple,veryflexibletextformatderivedfromSGMLandalsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleintheexchangeofawidevarietyofdataontheWebandelsewhere9.Figure4showsthetextformatofXML.TheUIDandEPCcodesoftagaresupposedas“E004A4D81901”and“00095EFD00180001”.ThedatabaseinterfaceisresponsiblefortransformingtheEPCdataintoXMLformat.Here,thedefinitionsofXMLfieldsaregivenasfollows.“Version”fieldrepresentstheEPCtype,“Manage”isthevendorcode,“Object”istheproductcode,“Serial”showstheserialnumberofproduct,“UID”expressesthetagUID,and“Reader”isthereaderID,respectively.ThewholeXMLrecordisusedtothedatasourceofthesystemdatabase.Fig.4.XMLtextformat.TheconnectionsbetweentheSavantmiddlewareanddatabaseserversareimplementedbytheprogramminginterfacesofnetworkingsocketsbywayoftheinternet.ThesocketinterfaceisoneoftheApplicationProgrammingInterfaces(API)whichisthemediabetweentheapplicationprogramandthetransmissionprotocolintheinternet.ThedataformatbetweentheSavantmiddlewareanddatabaseserversisthedatapackageofXML.ThefunctionalblocksofdatabaseinterfacearedescribedinFigure5.ThemainfieldsofXMLpackageinclude“Version”,“Manage”,“Object”,“UID”and“AccessTime”etc.Thesedatafieldsarecorrespondingtotherecordfieldsoftablesindatabase.Ebubcbtf!joufsgbdfSocketnetworkinterfaceprogramDe-packageXMLdataTfswfsReceiveXMLpackagefromReaderinterfaceEbubcbtfFig.5.Functionalblocksofdatabaseinterface.C.RemoteMonitoringSystemWebServerisusedtosupportthedynamicalandreal-timeinformationdisplayfortheremotemonitoringsystem.Moreover,theCGIprotocolisusedtoperformthenetworkmonitoringanddynamictrackingforobjectsurveillanceandtoachievethereal-timesystemperformance.Networkingmonitoringsystemprovidestheremotefunctionsforusersfromanywhereviatheinternetofworld-wideweb.Fromtheinternetbrowser,theuserscangetthereal-timeandusefulinformationofRFIDsystemandthechanneltomonitoringthereaderandmiddlewareintheremotenetwork.TheremotemonitoringsystemisdepictedasFigure6andconsistsofdynamicaldisplayandremotemonitoringinterfaces.ThedynamicaldisplayanddatatrackinginterfaceisresponsibleforaccessandprocessthedatabasedatabyusingXMLformat,andshowthereal-timeinformationfromtheWebserverviathebrowser.Theremotemonitoringinterfaceisusedtocommunicatewiththereaderormiddlewaretoexecutethereal-timecontrolandadjustthesystemfunctionandperformanceforthespecificapplication.Fig.6.Interfacesofremotemonitoringsystem.D.SavantMiddlewareInthissection,accordingtothenetworkingarchitectureofRFIDsystem,thenetworkprotocolandsysteminterfaceareproposedandadoptedinthisstudy.ThesystemfunctionsandtheapplicationinterfacesaredesignedandstatedbywayofthemiddlewareandONSforRFIDsystem.TheproposedSavantmiddlewareisimplementedbyanembeddedsystemandisintegratedwithonegeneralreaderintotheintelligentreader.TheembeddedsystemistreatedasthecontrollerofRFIDreaderstoperformthereadingoperationoftagdata.Thereaderswithembeddedsystemmustpossessthebuilt-infunctionofinternettransmission.Viatheinternetmedia,theSavantmayinterprettheIPaddressofECPISstoredintagdatabyONSserverandcontrolthedataflowinRFIDnetworkingsystem.ThereceiveddataofreadersarethensenttothesystemdatabasenamedasECPISserverorPMLserver.ThustheintelligentreaderwithembeddedsystemplaystheroleoftheSavanthostinthewholeRFIDnetworkingsystem.TherelatedsoftwareandhardwareofSavantmiddlewarearedevelopedandintegratedinthispaper.ThemainfunctionsofSavantaredesignedandcomposedofthereaderandtaginterface,theONSinterface,andthenetworkinginterface.Thereaderandtaginterfaceisusedtoprovidetheconnectionstandardwiththereaderandimplementedbytheencodingformatoftagsandthecommunicationprotocolofthereader.TheONSinterfaceactsasthechanneltotranslatetheaddresscodeintheEPCreceivedbythereader.Inaddition,thenetworkinginterfaceisresponsiblefortransmittingthevaliddatatotheremotedatabase/WebserverbytheformatstandardofXML1.ThesystemarchitectureofSavantmiddlewaredepictedinFigure7explainstheoperatinginteractionsbetweenthereaderandtheothersubsystemsonRFIDnetwork.Fig.7.SystemarchitectureofSavantmiddleware1.IV.INTEGRATIONOFANETWORKINGINFORMATIONPLATFORMThenetworkinginformationplatformdepictedinFigure2consistsofSavantmiddleware,database/WebServers,thesystemnetworkandtheremotemonitoringsystem.Inthissection,anetworkinginformationplatformisdemonstratedandintroducedbytheintegrationofthesubsystems:Savantmiddleware,systemnetworkandremotemonitoringsystem.TheintegratedfunctionsofSavantmiddlewareareimplementedbytheSamsungS3C4510BembeddedsystemdevelopedbyMicrotimecompany,depictedinFigure8.Theintegrationfunctionsofthesystemplatformaretestedandevaluatedbyusingthephysicalhardwareconnectionsandenvironments.TheinterfaceimplementationsofSavantmiddlewarearedesignedandexperimentedasbelow12.Fig.8.EmbeddedsystemandAWIDUHFreader.Inthissection,theoverallsystemisintegratedandtestedtodemonstratethesystemfeasibilityandevaluatethesystemperformance.Figure9presentsthecommunicationformatsofRFIDnetworkproposed.Here,theLocalHostisresponsibleforcontrollingtheoperationsofSavant.Ontheotherhand,SavantpossessestheabilitytoexecutethecommandfromLocalHostandpasstothereader.Whilethereaderfinishesthecorrespondingactionofthecommand,thespecificdataistransmittedbacktoSavant.Accordingtothetypeofreceiveddata,Savantwillfulfillthecorrespondingdataprocess.IfthedatatypeisUIDcodeorthemessageofreaderstatus,thenthedataissenttoLocalHost.Intheother,ifthetypeisEPCdata,thenthedataistransformedtotheURLandXMLformat.Next,theURLdataistranslatedtheIPaddressofremotedatabasebywayofthequeryofONSsuchthattheXMLdataissuccessfullytransmittedtotheremotedatabasethroughtheEthernetnetwork.SotheSavantplaysaveryimportantroleintheRFIDnetwork,likeasthepivotorengineoftheoverallsystem.Thesystemintegrationandtestingarediscussedinthefollowing.Fig.9.CommunicationformatsofRFIDnetworking.AsdepictedinFigure10,theSavantgetsthecommandfromsystemconsoleandanalyzesthecommandtypeandimplicationtodisplaythemessageontheLCDpanel.TheSavantisalsoresponsibleforcontrollingthereaderoperations.Whilethecommandissuccessfullyexecuted,thereadertransmitstherelateddatatoSavantwhichperformsthecorrespondingdataprocessforthecommand.Ifthepreviouscommandfromtheconsoleisthesystemcommandtype,thentheSavanttransmitsthereceiveddatabacktotheconsole.TherearetwokindsofthemessagesforLCDdisplay.OneexpressestheSavanthasreceivedtheconsolecommandandexhibitsthecommandtypeasshowedinFigure11.Fig.10.SystemconsoleofSavantMiddleware.Fig.11.MessagesofconsolecommandonSavant.TheotherindicatestheSavantissuccessfullyreceivedthetagdatafromthereaderandreturnbacktothesystemconsole.Iftheoriginalconsolecommandisthetagtype,thentheSavantwillconvertthereceiveddatatotheURLorXMLformat.Firsttheconsolesendsthetag-readcommandtotheSavantandtheSavantcontrolsthereadertogettheUIDcodeoftag.TheUIDcodereadfromthereaderissenttotheconsolebywayoftheSavant.Next,theSavantwilltrytoreadtheEPCdataoftag.FromtheEPCdatareceived,theSavantextractstheversion,vendor,productcodeandtransformintotheURLformatforONSquery.Next,theUIDcodecombinedwithEPCdataisconvertedintotheXMLformatfortheinternettransmission.Figure12displaysthetransformedURLformatonLCDpanelofSavant.Fig.12.LCDdisplaysforURLformatonSavant.Fig.13.DatabaseinterfaceofMiddleware.WhiletheSavantfinishestheURLtransformation,theURLdataistransmittedtotheONSforsearchingthephysicalIPaddressoftheremotedatabase(EPCIS).Finally,theXMLdataissuccessfullysenttotheremotedatabasebytheinternetnetwork.Figure13isthemiddlewareofd