Unit_2_I_used_to_be_afraid_of_the_dark

Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.编 稿：赵吉存 责 编：郭素清一、目标认知重点词汇与短语1terrify使害怕、使恐惧 2. chew咀嚼3afford买得起4. cause造成、引起5. chat聊天6. patient有耐心的、忍耐的7. decision决定、决心8. necessary 必须的、必要的9. waste 浪费、滥用10. used to过去常常11. be interested in 对.感兴趣12. be afraid（terrified）of 害怕、恐怕13. on the swim team在游泳队 14. with the bedroom light on 开着卧室的灯15. give up放弃16. go to sleep 入睡17. get into trouble with给某人找麻烦18. make a decision下决心19. to ones surprise令人惊奇的是 20. take pride in引以为自豪21. pay attention to注意 22. no longer不再重点句型：1. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。2. You are Paula, arent you? 你是葆拉，对吗？3. But now I am more interested in sports. 但现在我对体育运动更感兴趣。4. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。5. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. 这些日子，我几乎没有时间去音乐会了。6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends,. 在我上中学以前，我常常花费很多时间和朋友们一起玩游戏，7. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，我的生活发生很大变化。8. It will make you stressed out. 它会使你压力很大。9. His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的妈妈尽她所能来照顾他。10. Martins life became much more difficult. 马丁的生活变得越来越难。11. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅似乎改变了许多。12. My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me.我的妈妈帮助我明白了她给予了我多少。13. She also told me even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, andwould always take pride in everything good I do.她还告诉我，虽然我的父亲不再和我们在一起了，但他还在注视着我，并且将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。语法：used to的用法日常用语：1. Paula, is that you? 葆拉，是你吗？Yes, it is.是的，我是。2. Dont you remember me? 你不记得我了吗？3. You used to be short and quiet. 你过去很矮并且很安静。 Yes, but now I am tall and outgoing. 是的，但是现在我长高了，也开朗了。二、精讲巧练1. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。点拨：（1）used to表示过去的一种行为和习惯，它的后面用动词原形，否定句和疑问句用助动词did，也可 以用used的本身,是较老的英国英语的用法。 例如：My sister used to be short. 我妹妹过去很矮。 The shop didnt use to (usednt to) open on Sundays. 这家商店过去星期日不营业。（2）used to do something是表示“过去常常做某事”；be/get used to doing something是表示 “习惯于做某事”。 例如：I used to go to school on foot. 我过去常常步行去上学。 You will be used to living there. 你会习惯住在那里的。随时练：【考例】 I _ be short. But now I am taller.A. didnt used B. used to C. use to D. am used to【答案与解析】答案是B。句意是“过去我很矮但是现在高多了”，所以用used to表示“过去曾经、常常”的意思。2. You are Paula, arent you? 你是葆拉，对吗？点拨：（1）这是一个反意疑问句，表示就提出情况和看法，询问对方同意不同意。 反意疑问句的特点是：前面肯定后面否定，前面否定后面肯定；前后两个句子的时态要保持一致. 例如：Your father doesnt like reading, does he? 你爸爸不喜欢阅读，是不是？（2）一些特殊的反意疑问句：有few，hardly，never，no，nothing等词是表示否定，后面的疑问用肯 定形式。 例如：Few students can answer this question, can they? 几乎没有学生能够回答这个问题，对不对？ 陈述句有不定代词作主语，后面疑问部分主语用it。 例如：Nothing is wrong with my bike, is it? 我的自行车没有毛病，对不对？随时练：【考例】Dont be late for school next time, _?A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. dont you【答案与解析】答案是C。祈使句的反意疑问句用will you或者wont you。如果是否定形式的祈使句用will you来反问。3But now I am more interested in sports. 但现在我对体育运动更感兴趣。点拨：（1）but now引导的句子是和前面used to引导的句子形成对比，表示过去所发生的动作,现在不在发 生。 例如：My father used to smoke a lot, but now he has given it up. 我的爸爸过去抽烟多，但现在他戒烟了。（2）interested是多音节的形容词，它的比较级是用more interested。 例如：It is more difficult than your thought. 它比你想象的要困难多。随时练：【考例】I think your shirt is _ than your sisters.A. big B. more big C. beautiful D. more beautiful【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法。选项A是形容词原形，B的比较级是bigger。beautiful是多音节的形容词，它的比较级是用more beautiful，所以选择D。4. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。点拨：句中“with+名词+介词短语”结构表示伴随状态。表示一个动作伴随另一个动作同时发生或者进行。例如：Dont do your homework with the radio on. 不要开着收音机做你的作业。随时练：【考例】Our teacher came into the classroom _ a book in his hand.A. with B. in C. up D. on【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查介词短语表示伴随的用法，意思是“我们的老师手里拿着一本书进入教室”，with结构表示拿着书和进入教室同时发生。5. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. 这些日子，我几乎没有时间去音乐会了。点拨：hardly是表示否定意义“几乎不”，它经常用在行为动词的前面或者连系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。例如：It was difficult, so you can hardly finish it by yourself.它很难，你自己不可能独自完成。随时练：【考例】They can hardly do their homework, _?A. do they B. dont theyC. can they D. cant they【答案与解析】答案是C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法，前面的句子有hardly表示否定，所以后面的句子用肯定形式。前面句子有情态动词can，后面的附加疑问句用can they。6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends，在我上中学以前，我常常花费很多时间和朋友们一起玩游戏，点拨：（1）动词spend是“花费”的意思，spend时间/金钱on（in doing）表示“在某方面花费时间、金 钱”的意思。 例如：I spent two hundred Yuan on that new bike. 买那辆新自行车花费我200元。 He spent all the holiday reading the book. 他花整个假期都用来读这本书。随时练：【考例1】We often spend two hours _ our homework every day.A. doBdoingC. did D. to do【答案与解析】答案是B。表示“在做某事方面花费时间或者金钱”用spend on名词或者spend doing，所以用动名词形式。【考例2】根据汉语提示完成句子。（2011北京）哥哥花了一个星期教我弹吉他。_ to play the guitar.【答案】Brother spent a week teaching me7. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，我的生活发生很大变化。点拨：（1）a lot用在动词的后面修饰动词表示做事的程度。 例如：I know a lot about Chinese history. 我对中国历史了解很多。（2）in the last few years表示“在过去的几年里”， 它的同义词是in the past few years，常用 在现在完成时。其他表示现在完成时的时间状语有：already，yet，since，ever since， recently，so far等。随时练：【考例】Great changes _ in China in the past few years.A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. take place【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子的时间状语in the past few years的意思是“在过去的几年里”，它和现在完成时连用。8. It will make you stressed out. 它会使你压力很大。点拨：make作为使役动词表示“让、使”，它的宾语补足语一般由形容词来充当；如果是动词不定式充当宾语补足语，要用省略to的动词不定式。例如：Working too much makes me tired. 太多的工作使我疲劳。My father makes me do my homework every day. 我的爸爸迫使我每天做家庭作业。随时练：【考例】What you said just now made me _ angry.A. feeling B. to feel C. feel D. are【答案与解析】答案是C。在动词make的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，所以选择C。9. His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的妈妈尽她所能来照顾他。点拨：（1）look after somebody的意思是“照看、照顾”，它的同义词短语是take care of somebody。 例如：Our teacher looks after the child very well. 我们的老师照顾这个孩子很好。（2）as well as的意思是“和一样好”，这个结构是形容词的同级比较，as.as的中间用形容词 的原形。 例如：Your ruler is as long as his. 你的尺子和他的一样长。随时练：【考例】I think English is as _ as math.A. important B. more important C. more interesting D. most important【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查形容词的比较级，同级比较，as. as的中间用形容词的原级。10. Martins life became much more difficult. 马丁的生活变得越来越难。点拨：句中用much修饰形容词的比较级，表示“更加”，加强比较的程度。除了用much之外还可以用a little，even，still，a lot，far等修饰形容词的比较级。例如：He is much younger than I.他比我年轻多了。随时练：【考例】Your bike is _ than mine.A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. very more beautiful D. beautiful【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查形容词的比较级，修饰形容词的比较级可以用much，但不能用very。11. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅似乎改变了许多。点拨：（1）seem是连系动词，它的意思是“似乎好像，仿佛”，后面用that或者as if引导的从句作表语，主 语常用it。 例如：It seems as if it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨。（2）seem的后面还可以用动词不定式、名词、现在分词、过去分词或者to be形容词作表语。 例如：He seems to laugh at us. 他仿佛在嘲笑我们。随时练：【考例】The boy seems _ lying.A. is B. was C. be D. to be【答案与解析】答案是D。动词seem的后面用动词不定式作表语。12. My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me.我的妈妈帮助我明白了她给予了我多少。点拨：动词短语help somebody do/to do something的意思是“帮助某人做某事”。例如：My father often helps me study English. 我的爸爸经常帮助我学习英语。随时练：【考例】Can you help me _ the work?A. finish B. finishing C. doing D. did【答案与解析】答案是A。在动词短语help somebody do/ to do something可知用to或不用to都可以，所以选择A。13. She also told me even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do.她还告诉我，虽然我的父亲不再和我们在一起了，但他还在注视着我，并且将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。点拨：everything good I do的意思是“我做的每一件好事”，I do是后置定语修饰不定代词everything good，形容词good 又修饰不定代词everything，要放在不定代词的后面。随时练：【考例】Is there _ in todays newspaper?A. something new B. anything new C. new something D. new anything【答案与解析】答案是B。在一般疑问句中用不定代词anything，修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。三、写作进行时根据表格信息，描写Helen的变化。ActivityPastNowEatMeatFruit and vegetablesWatchCartoonAction moviesBeShyOutgoingDo at schoolRun aroundPlay basketballDo at homeWatch TVDo homework写作过程：(1) 审题：描写Helen的过去和现在的变化，描写过去的情况用一般过去时，描写现在的情况用一般现在时。(2) 列出相关的短语和句子：1. has changed a lot2. used to eat meat3. loves fruit and vegetables4. She used to watch cartoons because they are funny, and now she loves action movies.5. She used to be shy when she was young, but now she is outgoing.6. At school, she often plays basketball with t