文献翻译——火灾自动报警

第1页外文文献资料AutomaticfirealarmThetraditionalelectronsafealarmsystemmainlyisthroughthesensorautomaticdetection,producesthealarm,sendsoutthealarmfromthesceneorreportstothepolicethroughthespecialelectriccableneardistance,thuscausespeoplesvigilance.Throughmanyyearsresearchandthedevelopment,thepresentalarmapparatusmaysayistheclassismultitudinous.Asaresultofthealarmapparatusrapiddevelopmentandthesocialeachdomainanxiousneed,cantheapplicationdomainbemoreandmoremany,speciallyisrapidlydevelopsinthecivildomain.Inrecentyears,theinfraredalarmapparatusalreadybecamereportstothepoliceadomainhotspot,becauseitusedwasnottheobviouslyinfraredacquisition,thereforehadthehidingtobegood,characteristicandsoonsecurity.Theinfraredsensorisdifferentaccordingtothemechanismmaydivideintothelightsurveyandthehotsurvey.Thelightacquisitionsensorisusesthephotoneffecttheinfraredacquisitionaid.Thiskindofsensorspeedofresponsequick,thesensitivityhigh,theexaminationcharacteristicisgood,butneedstocool,usesnotconveniently.Moreoverthecomponentexaminationsensitivityandtheinfraredwavelengthconcern.Thehotacquisitionsensorisuseshotlyreleasestheelectricityeffecttheinfraredacquisitionaid.Afterreceivesthegoaltheinfraredradiationtemperatureincrement,thetemperatureelevatescausesthesensorinteriorcertainphysicalquantitieschanges,throughexaminationphysicalquantitychangedefiniteinfraredemission.Thiskindofsensorworksundertheroomtemperaturecondition,examinationsensitivityalsoveryhigh,speedofresponsealsoveryquick,moreoverhasnothingtodowithwiththeinfraredemissionwavelength,maysurveythepoweronlytoreceivethebackgroundradiationthelimit,theapplicationisvery第2页convenient.Thisarticledesignsisthepassiveformhotlyreleasestheelectricityinfraredacquisitionaid.Inthearticlemainlyelaboratedhashotlyreleasedtheelectricitytheprinciple,hotlyreleasescontentandsoonmanyalarmcircuitwhichtheelectricdetectorthecharacteristic,theBISS0001signalprocessor,555timerscomposed.Finallydesignedcompleteshashotlyreleasedtheelectricityinfrareddetectionalarmapparatusthehardwareelectriccircuit.Withthemodernfamilyuseoffire,electricityconsumptionincreases,thefrequencyofhomefiresisgettinghigherandhigher.Thefamilyoffire,itiseasytofightdoesnotoccurpromptly,thelackoffire-fightingequipmentandthepresenceofpanic-strickenpeople,toescapeunfavorablefactors,suchasretardation,whicheventuallyledtoasignificantlossoflifeandproperty.Explorethecharacteristicsofthefamilyoffireandfirepreventionmeasures.Forthepreventionofdomesticfires,reducingthefirelosseshavepracticalsignificance.Inthemodernurbanfamily,becauseoflotofpeopledonotunderstandcommonsensehomesecuritycausedbyfire,sothatthehappyfamilyGoogleruinedblinkofaneye,andsomeleadtodestruction,buttheeventofhouseholdfires,improperdisposal,alarmdelayiscausedsothatpeopleshouldgettoknowmoreaboutthemaincausesofhouseholdfires,mastertopreventthefireofknowledgeandincaseoffiretoprotecthisorherownway.TheUnitedKingdomeachyearmorethan50000familiesofseriousfires,mostofthemfirecasualtiesandsignificantlossofhouseholdassets,andsomeresultintheneighbors,moreheavyfirelosses.Investigatethecausesoffireintime,thevastmajorityofhomefireshappenpartiessaidthatthefirealwaysfeelthatthingsareotherpeoplewiththeirownfaraway,didnotthinkthiswillhappeneveninthetopofhishead.Homefiresarethemainreasonfornegligentnottotaketimelypreventivemeasures.Insomeofourlargeandmedium-sizedcities,almosteverydayfamilyfires,firepreventionissoeachfamilymustalwayspayattentionto.Ifyourhomebasedontheactualsituationinadvancetotakesimplefire第3页preventionmeasures,anumberoftragediesareentirelyavoidable.Automaticfirealarmsystemisinordertoinformtheearlydetectionoffire,andtakeeffectivemeasurestocontrolandfightfires,andsetinabuildingorotherplaceofanautomaticfirefacilities,isthatpeoplewithapowerfultooltofightthefire.Firealarmsystem,firedetectorsgenerally,regionalcentralizedalarmalarmandcomposition;alsoberequiredundertheprojectwithvariousfire-fightingfacilitiesandcommunicationdeviceslinkedtoformacentralcontrolsystem.Fromautomaticalarm,automaticfirefighting,evacuationguidance,systemprocessshowsthat,fireupacompletefilemanagement,firecontrolsystem.Firedetectorsarefiredetectiondevices,asinthestageoffirewillproducesmokewithhightemperatureflamecells.Thesmoke,heatandlightintoelectricalsignalsthroughthedetectoralarmorautomaticfireextinguishingsystemtostartfightingthefireintime.Areawherethefloorofalarmdetectorcansendthesignalintosoundandlightalarm,andfireonthescreenshowingtheroomnumber;whilealsomonitoringtheconcentrationofcertainfloorsofalarm(ifthemonitorislocatedinthebuildingfireControlCenter)outputsignalorcontrolautomaticfireextinguishingsystem.Concentrationofalarmsignalisreceivedbywayofsoundandlightshow,andthescreenalsoshowsthespecificfirefloorandroomnumber,theplanestoppedtakingthefirstalarmclocktorecordthetiming,useofthemachine-specificphones,butalsoquicklytothefirealarmtogivedirectionsand.Inaddition,youcancontrolthefireextinguishingsystemorsignaltransmissiontothefirecontrolroom.Automaticfirealarmsystemisbythetriggerdevices,firealarm,firealarmdevicesandotherauxiliaryfunctionsofthedevicewiththecompositionofabuttonfirealarmsystemfirealarmsystem.Itcanfireearlystagesofburningsmoke,heatandlightradiationandotherphysicalquantities,bytemperature.Photographicandothersmokeandfiredetectorsintoelectricalsignals,transmittedtothefirealarmcontroller,andalsoshowsthesiteofthefire,thefirerecordofthetime.Generalfirealarmsystemandautomaticsprinklersystem,firehydrantsystems,smokecontrolsystems,ventilationsystems,airconditioningsystem,firedoors,fire第4页shutter,smokescreenandotherrelatedequipmentinteraction,automaticallyormanuallyissuecommandstostartthecorrespondingdevice.(A)ofthetriggerdevicesinautomaticfirealarmsystem,automaticormanualfirealarmsignaldevicesgeneratecalledtriggerconditions,includingfiredetectorsandmanualfirealarmbutton.Firedetectorisabletofireparameters(smoke,temperature,flameradiation,gasconcentration,etc.)response,andautomaticallygenerateafirealarmsignaldevices.Fireresponseparametersaccordingtodifferentfiredetectorsintoheatdetectors,smokedetector,sensitivefiredetectors,combustiblegasdetectorsandfiredetectorsfivebasictypesofcomposite.Differenttypesoffiredetectorsfordifferenttypesoffiresanddifferentplaces.Manualfirealarmbuttonfirealarmsignalgeneratedmanuallystarttheautomaticfirealarmsystemdevices,automaticfirealarmsystemisanindispensablecomponentofthe.(B)thefirealarmdeviceinautomaticfirealarmsystemtoreceive,displayandtransmitfirealarmsignals,andcansendcontrolsignalsandcontrolfunctionswithotherauxiliaryequipmentasthefirealarmdeviceinstructions.Firealarmcontrolisoneofthemostbasickind.Chargedwiththefirealarmcontrolfiredetectorsprovideastableworkingpower;detectorandtheworkingstatusofthesystemitself;thereception,conversion,processingawarningoffiredetectorsShuchu;Jinxingsoundandlightalarm;Zhishispecificlocationandalarmtime;thesametimesupportingtheimplementationofappropriatecontrolandmanyothertasks.Firealarmsystemisacorecomponent.Inthefirealarmdevices,somedevicessuchasbreak,regionalmonitors,fireshowsandotherfunctionscannotcompletediscalarmdevice,whichcanberegardedastheevolutionoffirealarmcontrollerorsupplement.Undercertainconditionsapplied,andthefirealarmdevicefirealarmcontrolbelong.Thebasicfunctionoffirealarmcontrolare:themainpower,backuppowerautomaticallyconverted,standbypowerchargefunction,powerfailuremonitoringfunction,powerfunctionsworkingstatusindicator,powersupplyforthedetectorcircuitfunction,controlsensorsorsystemfailures,soundandlightalarm,firesound,lightalarm,firealarmandmemoryfunction,clock第5页functionunit,withprioritybeinggivenfaultfunctionfirealarm,soundalarmsoundaudiblealarmmuteandagain.(C)firealarmsinautomaticfirealarmsystemtosenddifferentfromtheenvironment,sound,lightthefirealarmsignaldevicecalledthefirealarms.Itsound,lightandsoundapproachtotheissueoffirealarmsignalsalarmareatowarnpeopletoadoptsafeevacuation,firefightingandrescuemeasures.D)Firecontrolequipmentinautomaticfirealarmsystem,whenreceivingthefirealarm,automaticallyormanuallystarttherelatedfire-fightingequipmentanddisplaydevicesoftheirstate,knownasthefirecontrolequipment.Includefirealarmcontrol,automaticfireextinguishingsystemcontroldevice,firehydrantsystemcontroldevices,smokeexhaustsystemandairconditioningandventilationsystemcontroldevice,normallyopenfiredoors,fireshuttercontroldevice,theliftbackdowncontrolequipment,andfireemergencyradio,firealarms,firecommunicationsequipment,fireevacuationsignsandemergencylightingcontroldevices,controldevicesinsomeorall.Firecontrolequipmentnormallyinstalledinthefirecontrolcentertofacilitatetheimplementationofcentralizedcontrol.Whileotherssetfirecontrolequipment,firefightingequipmentislocatedinthechargedfield,butitsactionsmustbereturnedfirecontrolsignal,combinedwiththeimplementationofcentralizationanddecentralizationofcontrol.(E)firealarmsystempowersupplyelectricalequipmentbelongingtothefire,themainpowershouldbeinthefirepower,standbypoweruseofbattery.Inadditiontofirealarmsystempowercontroller,powersupply,butalsorelatedtothesystemforthefirecontrolequipmentsuchaspowersupply.第6页中文翻译稿火灾自动报警传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。通过多年的研究和发展，现在的报警器可以说是门类众多。由于报警器的飞速发展和社会各个领域的急切需要，能应用的领域越来越多，特别是在民用领域更是急速发展。近年来，红外线报警器已经成为报警领域的一个热点，由于其采用的是不可见的红外线探测，所以具有隐蔽性好、安全等特点。红外线传感器按机理不同可以分为光探测型和热探测型。光探测传感器是利用光子效应的红外探测器。这类传感器响应速度快、灵敏度高、检测特性好，但需要冷却，使用不方便。而且器件的检测灵敏度与红外波长有关。热探测传感器是利用热释电效应的红外探测器。在接收到目标的红外辐射后温度升高，温度的升高又引起传感器内部某些物理量的变化，通过检测物理量的变化来确定红外线辐射。这类传感器在室温条件下工作，检测灵敏度也很高，响应速度也很快，而且与红外线辐射波长无关，可探测功率只受背景辐射的限制，应用很方便。本文设计的是被动式热释电红外探测器。文中主要论述了热释电的原理、热释电探测器的特性、BISS0001传感信号处理器、555定时器组成的多谐振荡报警电路等内容。最后设计完成了热释电红外探测报警器的硬件电路。随着现代家庭用火、用电量的增加，家庭火灾发生的频率越来越高。家庭火灾一旦发生，很容易出现扑救不及时、灭火器材缺乏及在场人惊慌失措、逃生迟缓等不利因素，最终导致重大生命财产损失。探讨家庭火灾的特点及防火对策，对于预防家庭火灾，减少火灾损失具有现实意义在现代城市家庭里，许多人因不懂家庭安全常识引起火灾事故，使好端端的幸福家庭转眼间毁于一旦,有的导致家破人亡,而且一旦发生居民家庭火灾，处置不当、报警迟缓,是造成人员受害的原因。人们应该积极了解家庭火灾的主要起因，掌握防止发生火灾的知识和万一发生火灾时保护自己的方法,及时消除隐患。英国每年发生50000起以上的严重家庭火灾，其中大部分火灾造成人员伤亡和重大的家庭财产损失，有的还连累左邻右舍，火灾损失更加惨重。在调查火灾起因的时候，绝大多数发生火灾家庭的当事人说，以前总觉得火灾是人家的事情，与自己离得很远，没有想到这一次竟然会发生在自己的头上。第7页家庭火灾的主要原因是麻痹大意，没有及时采取预防措施。在我国的一些大中城市，几乎每天都发生家庭火灾，所以防火是每个家庭必须时刻注意的问题。假如能根据您家的实际情况预先采取简单的防火措施，一些悲剧是完全可以避免的。火灾自动报警系统是人们为了早期发现通报火灾，并及时采取有效措施，控制和扑灭火灾，而设置在建筑物中或其它场所的一种自动消防设施，是人们同火灾作斗争的有力工具。火灾报警系统，一般由火灾探测器、区域报警器和集中报警器组成；也可以根据工程的要求同各种灭火设施和通讯装置联动，以形成中心控制系统。即由自动报警、自动灭火、安全疏散诱导、系统过程显示、消防档案管理等组成一个完整的消防控制系统。火灾探测器是探测火灾的仪器，由于在火灾发生的阶段，将伴随产生烟雾、高温格火光。这些烟、热和光可以通过探测器转变为电信号报警或使自动灭火系统启动，及时扑灭火灾。区域报警器能将所在楼层之探测器发出的信号转换为声光报警，并在屏幕上显示出火灾的房间号；同时还能监视若干楼层的集中报警器（如果监视整个大楼的则设于消防控制中心）输出信号或控制自动灭火系统。集中报警是将接收到的信号以声光方式显示出来，其屏幕上也具体显示出着火的楼层和房间号，机上停走的时钟记录下首次报警时间性，利用本机专用电话，还可迅速发出指示和向消防队报警。此外，也可以控制有关的灭火系统或将火灾信号传输给消防控制室。火灾自动报警系统是由触发器件、火灾报警装置、火灾警报装置以及具有其它辅助功能的装置组成火灾报警系统按钮的火灾报警系统。它能够在火灾初期，将燃烧产生的烟雾、热量和光辐射等物理量，通过感温。感烟和感光等火灾探测器变成电信号，传输到火灾报警控制器，并同时显示出火灾发生的部位，记录火灾发生的时间。一般火灾自动报警系统和自动喷水灭火系统、室内消火栓系统、防排烟系统、通风