文献翻译——无线传感器网络

第1页外文文献资料ThedevelopmentofledLEDdisplaymonitortakesoneofpaneldisplayleadershipproductstohaveabiggerdevelopment.1.sincethehighluminance,entirecolorbluecolorandthegreensuperelevationbrightnessLEDproducthasappeared,thecostreducesfastyearbyyear,causestheLEDentirecoloreddisplaymonitorproductcosttodrop,thepromotedspeedspeedsup.Atthesametime,alongwithcontroltechnologysdevelopmentandtheLEDdisplaymonitorbodystableenhancement,theentirecoloredLEDdisplaymonitorsbrightness,thecolor,whitebalancedachievesthequiteidealeffect,definitelymaysatisfytheoutdoorsall-weatherenvironmentalconditionrequest,moreovertheimageisclearer,ismoreexquisite,issharper.2.afterstandardization,standardizedmaterial,technologymatureandmarketpricebasicbalanced,theLEDdisplaymonitorsstandardizationandthestandardizationwillbecomeatendencywhichtheLEDdisplaymonitordevelops.Inrecentyearsindustryindevelopment,afterseveralpricerecedestheadjustmentachievesbasicallybalanced,theproductquality,thesystemreliableandsoonwillbecomethemaincompetitionfactor,thishadthehighrequesttotheLEDdisplaymonitorsstandardizationandthestandardization.Professionstandardandstandardsystemsformation,IS09000seriesstandardapplication,causestheLEDdisplaymonitorprofessionthedevelopmenttendstheorder.3.theproductmixdiversificationalongwiththeinformationizationsocietysformation,theinformationfieldisevenmorewidespread,theLEDdisplaymonitorsapplicationprospectisbroader.Itisestimatedthatlarge-scaleortheultra-largeLEDdisplaymonitorwillhavethechangeforthemainstreamproductsaspect,willsuitcanhaveintheserviceindustrycharacteristicandthespecializedrequestsmallLEDdisplaymonitorenhancesgreatly,willbericherfacetheinformationservicedomainsLEDdisplaymonitorproductclassandthevarietysystem,thepart第2页potentialmarketdemandandtheapplicationdomainwillhavethebreakthrough,likethemasstransit,theparkinglot,thedining,thehospitalandsooncomprehensionserviceaspectsinformationdisplaymonitordemandwillhaveabiggerenhancement.InvolvesthementalityandtheprincipleofworkThissystembasisclassicscircuitdesignmentality,usesthedesignmethodfrombottomtotop,fromthedisplaypaneltotheactuationboard,arrivesatthecontrolpanelagain,carriesonthehardwareprogramming,afterdebuggingsuccessfully,receivesatelegramthesourceplate,finallycompletesthedatatransmissionboardandPCmachineconnects,carriesonthePCsoftwareprogramming,completesthedemonstrationdatatheproduction,theextraction,processing,thetransmissionaswellasthedemonstrationeffectreal-timecontrol.Eachmoduleuses8LEDlatticestolighteneachlinebythelinescanformred,green,thetrafficlight,thedemonstrationwritingandtheimage.TheLEDlatticesactuation,thedecoding,thelocksaveandsoontoberesponsiblebycontrolpanelsdigitalcircuit.Itsdatareadsbythemonolithicintegratedcircuitfromthememory,simultaneouslythemonolithicintegratedcircuitusestheinterruptmode,carriesonthetwo-waycommunicationthroughtheRS-232datalineandPCmachine,fromthePCmachinegainorderorthedata,andcarriesoutthemovementorthestoreddatumaccordingtotheorder.NotonlybutPCmachinecarriesonmanymachineserialportcorrespondenceswithmanymonolithicintegratedcircuits,butmustberesponsibleforthewritinginputandthetypesetting,theproductionlatticedataortheordercharacter,realizetheman-machineinteractionfunction.Principleofworkthisarticledesignsthelarge-scaleLEDdisplaymonitorbecomesbythedoubleprimarycolorlatticeLEDcombination,usestheline-by-linescanningthedisplaymodetodemonstratered,green,theyellowthreekindofcolorrandomlatticeinformation.Thedisplaymoduleusestheline-by-linescanningdemonstrationtheway,itscontrolsystemtakemonolithicintegratedcircuitAT89C52asacore,uses62256memoriestotakethedata-carrierstorage,actuates8*8usinglatch74HC377and8groupoflinedriver2083TheLEDdisplaymodule,simultaneouslyopenstheserialportinterruptandsuperior第3页PCmachinecarriesonmanymachinecorrespondences.Throughrealizesdisplaymonitorsmanykindsofanimationpatterntothemonolithicintegratedcircuitprogrammingtodemonstrate:Rollsthescreentowardleft,rollsthescreentowardright,rollsthescreenupwardly,rollsthescreendownward,onrollsthescreentowardleft,onrollsthescreentowardright,totheZolacurtain,pullsthecurtaintowardright,pullsthecurtainupwardly,pullsthecurtaindownward,totherightlateral,lightensinturnfromlefttoright,fromamongtotwonearby,lightensinturn.Animationspeedadjustable:Dividesinto100grades,lowestis1fast,highestis100fast.Thepatterncolorisdiverse:Thebackgroundachromaticcolor,thewritingred/green/yellow,thebackgroundisred,thewritingdoesnothave/theyellow/green,thebackgroundgreen,thewritingdoesnothave/yellow/red,thebackgroundyellow,thewritingdoesnothave/thered/green.Moreover,butalsoincreasedseveraldozenskindofneonlighteffectanimation.ThePCmachineondisplaycontrolsoftwaremayrealizefunctionsandsoonChinesecharacterinput,typefacechoice,wordschange,andaftercarryingonthedataprocessing,mayinleftsidesimulatethedemonstrationwholeeffect,simultaneously“seesnamelyobtained”demonstrationinunderneathpreviewregion.Moreover,thiscontrolsoftwarealsohasadditionalfunctionsandsoontextdesignation,mouselocalization,coordinatetracing,timedate.PCmachinerealizesthroughtheRS-232connectionwiththedemonstrationpartmonolithicintegratedcircuitscorrespondence,interruptsthereal-timereceiveandthetransmissiondatamessageusingthemonolithicintegratedcircuitserialport.Hasalsogivendualattentiontomonolithicintegratedcircuitsantigamblingabilityinthesystemdesign,enhancedthesystemsoperationreliabilityeffectively.Shinesthesecond-leveltubecharacteristicThelightemitterdiode(lightemittingdiode,LED),isonekindturnstheelectricalenergytheenergyoflightthespecialcomponent,whentheelectriccurrentachievesthethresholdcurrent,thelightemitterdiodebreakover,alongwithelectriccurrentpassing,producesthevisiblelight.Lightemitterdiodesstructuremainlytiesthechip,theelectrodeandtheopticalsystemconstitutionbyPN.AfterPNtiesperformsthedirectvoltage,PareasholeinjectiontotheNarea,Nareaselectron-第4页injectiontotheParea,theelectronwhichandtheholemeet,poursintoaftermutuallynamelyproducescompound,theseminoritycarriersinjectionwhichtiesinPNproducetheradiationwithcompoundtoshine.Itistheoriginalradiationillumination,doesnotneedthehighinjectioncurrenttohavethegranulenumberreversedistribution,alsodoesnotneedtheopticalresonator,thelaunchrightandwrongcoherentlight.DescribestheLEDcharacteristictohavemanyparameters,betweentheseparametersrelationspresentmisalignment.Therefore,describestheserelationswiththecharacteristiccurve,hastheusevalueintheprojectapplication.LEDcomponentsactuationMayknowfromtheLEDcomponentsilluminationmechanism,whenexertsthedirectvoltagetotheLEDcomponent,windsthroughcomponentsforwardcurrenttocauseitsillumination.ThereforetheLEDactuationismustmakeitsPNknottobeintheforwardbias,simultaneouslytocontrolitsluminousintensity,butmustsolvetheforwardcurrentadjustmentproblem.Theconcretedrivetypehas9andsoondirect-currentactuation,constantflowactuation,pulseactuationandscanningactuation,inthissystemLEDcomponentsactuationforscanningactuation.1.direct-currentactuation.Thedirect-currentactuationisthesimpletheactuationmethod.TheLEDoperatingpointbysupplyvoltageVCC,seriesresistanceRandaLEDcomponentsvoltage-currentcharacteristicdecidedtogether.ThisdrivetypesuitsintheLEDcomponentarefew,luminousintensityconstantsituation.Forexampleonthepublictransportationusesfortodemonstratethe“XXroadfixedly”theinscriptiondisplaymonitor.2.constantflowactuation.IssteepasaresultoftheLEDcomponentsforwardcharacteristic,inadditioncomponentsdispersivity,causesinsamethesupplyvoltageandinthesamelimitingresistorssituation,thevariouscomponentsforwardcurrentisnotsame,thuscausestheluminousintensitydifference.IfcarriesontheconstantflowactuationtotheLEDcomponent,solongastheconstantflowvalueisthesame,theluminousintensityisquiteclose.Transistorsinputlevelhastheconstantcurrentcharacteristic,thereforemayusethetransistortoactuateLED.3.pulseactuation.Usingthehumaneyepersistence,usestotheLEDcompon第5页entrepeatedlypassesthepowerfailurethewaytocauseitignition,isthepulsedrivetype.Thepulseactuationmainlyhastwoaspectapplications:Scanningactuationanddutyfactoractuation.Thescanningactuationsmainpurposeissavesthedriver,thesimplifiedcircuit.Selectswhenthismethodshouldpayattentiontotwoquestions:Acknowledgingpulseelectriccurrentpeak-to-peakvalueandchoicerecurrencerate.First,ifwantstoobtainwithdirectscurrentthedrivetypesuitableluminousintensity,pulsedrivecurrentmeanvalueaIshouldbethesamewithdirect-currentactuationmagnitudeofcurrentoI.scanningactuation.Thescanningactuationthroughthedigitallogicelectriccircuit,causescertainLEDcomponentinturnbreakover,withsavesthecontroldrivingcircuit.TheLEDdisplaymonitorwillshinethelampaccordingtothelineaccordingtoarowarrangement,whentheactuationalsopressesthelineaccordingtoarowactuation.Underthescanningdrivetypemayaccordingtothelinescan,accordingtoarowcontrol;Mayalsoaccordingtoarowscanning,accordingtoalineofcontrol.So-called“scanning”themeaning,isreferstoalineoflineofplacetocirculateputsthroughtheentirelineofLEDcomponent,nomatterbutthislineofwhichrowLEDcomponentwhethershouldlighten,whethertheconcretesomerowLEDcomponentshouldlighten,isresponsiblebytheso-calledrowcontrolcircuit.第6页中文翻译稿无线传感器网络目前LED显示屏的显示向更高亮度、更高耐气候性、更高的发光均匀性、更高的可靠性、全色化、多媒体方向发展，系统的运行、操作与维护也向集成化、网络化、智能化方向发展。二十一世纪的显示技术将是平板显示的时代，LED显示屏作为平板显示的主导产品之一将有更大的发展。1高亮度、全彩化蓝色及绿色超高亮度LED产品出现以来，成本逐年快速降低，使LED全彩色显示屏产品成本下降，推广速度加快。同时，随着控制技术的发展和LED显示屏体稳定性的提高，全彩色LED显示屏的亮度、色彩、白平衡均达到比较理想的效果，完全可以满足户外全天候的环境条件要求，而且图像更清晰、更细腻、更亮丽。2标准化、规范化材料、技术的成熟及市场价格基本均衡之后，LED显示屏的标准化和规范化将成为LED显示屏发展的一个趋势。近几年业内的发展中，几番价格回落调整达到基本均衡后，产品质量、系统的可靠性等将成为主要的竞争因素，这就对LED显示屏的标准化和规范化有了较高的要求。行业规范和标准体系的形成，IS09000系列标准的应用，使LED显示屏行业的发展趋于有序。3产品结构多样化随着信息化社会的形成，信息领域愈加广泛，LED显示屏的应用前景更为广阔。预计大型或超大型LED显示屏为主流产品的局面将会发生改变，适合于服务行业特点和专业性要求的小型LED显示屏会有较大提高，面向信息服务领域的LED显示屏产品门类和品种体系将更加丰富，部分潜在市场需求和应用领域将会有所突破，如公共交通、停车场、餐饮、医院等综合服务方面的信息显示屏需求量将有更大的提高。涉及思路及工作原理本系统根据经典的电路设计思路，采用自下而上的设计方法，从显示板到驱动板，再到控制板，进行硬件编程，调试成功后接电源板，最后完成数据传输板与PC机相连接，进行PC软件编程，完成显示数据的生成、提取、处理、传输以及显示效果的实时控制。每个模块采用8个LED点阵以行扫描形式点亮各行的红、绿、红绿灯，显示文字和图像。LED点阵的驱动、译码、锁存等由控制板的数字电路负责。其数据由单片机从存储器中读取，同时单片机采用中断方式，通过RS-232数据线与PC机进行双向通信，从PC机获取第7页命令或数据，并按命令执行动作或者存储数据。而PC机不但与多个单片机进行多机串口通信，还要负责文字录入和排版，生成点阵数据或者命令字，实现人机交互功能。工作原理本文设计的大型LED显示屏由双基色点阵LED组合而成，采用逐行扫描的显示方式显示红、绿、黄三种颜色的任意点阵信息。显示模块采用逐行扫描显示的方式，其控制系统以单片机AT89C52为核心，采用62256存储器作为数据存储器，利用锁存器74HC377和8组线驱动器2083A驱动8*8的LED显示模块，同时开放串口中断与上位PC机进行多机通信。通过对单片机编程实现显示屏的多种动画模式显示：向左滚屏，向右滚屏，向上滚屏，向下滚屏，向左上滚屏，向右上滚屏，向左拉幕，向右拉幕，向上拉幕，向下拉幕，向右移，从左向右、依次点亮，从中间到两边、依次点亮。动画速度可调：分为100档，最低为1速，最高为100速。图案颜色多样：背景无色、文字红/绿/黄色，背景红色、文字无/黄/绿色，背景绿色、文字无/黄/红色，背景黄色，文字无/红/绿色。另外，还增加了几十种霓虹灯效果动画。PC机上的显示控制软件可以实现汉字录入、字体选择、字号更改等功能，并且在进行数据处理后，可以在左侧模拟演示整体效果，同时“所见即所得”的显示在下方预览区域。另外，该控制软件还具有文本选定、鼠标定位