100英语高考复习语法专题--名词130

语法专题一：名词(附参考答案)一分类专有名词普通名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词二名词的数分 类变化方法举 例规则变化单数名词词尾直接加-sboy boys pen pens以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-esglassglasses boxboxes watchwatches brushbrushes特例：stomach stomachs以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”baby_ lady _ factory-_注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数） pennies(便士的枚数)以“o”结尾的多数加-sradios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es：Negro-Negroes heroheroes volcan-volcanes(s) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-eswife_ half _ wolf-_特例： gulfgulfs beliefbeliefs roof-roofs不规则变化改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-_特例：child-children ox-oxen单复数相同sheep deer fish means Chinese series合成名词变成复数的情况：将主体名词变为复数无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数将两部分都变为复数sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellersgrown-ups housewives stopwatches女教师_ 男歌手_以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词) physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, the United States ,news, 以s结尾的一些名词，通常只有复数。 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 clothes衣服 goods货物 stairs楼梯 manners礼貌 thanks感谢 arms武器单数和复数形式表达不同的意思custom风俗，习惯customs海关 damage损害damages赔偿金 good好处，利益goods货物time时间times时代，次数，倍数 fish 鱼肉fishes 各种鱼 paper 纸papers 试卷，文件water 水waters 水域 room 空间rooms 房间arm 手臂arms 武器 theadj.(the rich富人), the 分词(the wounded伤员)表示复数概念The old here _ taken good care of. “某国人”的复数形式：单、复数相同 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, 词尾加-s Africans, Asians, Canadians, Australians, Germans,变man为men Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen集体名词的数要视情况而定family, team, audience, class, club, committee, crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。 His family _ not large. His family _ all music lovers. . 抽象名词转化为可数名词。_Failure is the mother of_ success. As a teacher, she is _ success, but as a mother, she is_ failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child. beauty(美，美貌)-a beauty(一个美人/物) danger(危险)a danger(一件危险的事/人)pity(遗憾)a pity(一件可惜的事) pleasure(乐趣)a pleasure(一件有趣的事)surprise(惊奇)a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事) experience(经验)an experience(一次经历)练习： 1. There are twenty _and forty nurses in the hospital.A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor2. In his speech, he gave us _ on how to learn a foreign language.A. some advice B. some advices C. several advices D. an advice3. She is from _. She is _.A. Germany; a Germany B. German; a Germany C. the Germany; German D. Germany; a German4. At present Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was 三.名词所有格 所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语名词词尾加s 若名词已有复数词尾“s”，只加 “”由of构成的所有格：无生命名词的所有格多用of结构。如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers.注意以下几点： 1.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有“s”，则表示“分别有”；只有一个“s”，则表示“共有”。 Johns and Marys rooms John and Marys room 2. 在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的所有格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：at Mr. Greens, at the doctors,3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。two months time a miles journey fifty pounds weight4. 双重所有格，即“of词组+所有格”结构。a friend of her mothers a few friends of Toms several classmates of his辨析：This is a picture of my friends. This is a picture of my friend. 练习：1. -Where did you have your supper? - _.A. With my sister B. At my sister C. At my sister home D. At my sisters2. The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours3. This is not my dictionary. It is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. of Mary D. the book of Mary四名词作定语某些名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等，通常要用单数形式。trouser pockets tooth brush shoe repairers physics teacher room number radio program咖啡杯_ 食品产业_ 苹果树_ 但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式。a sales girl a greetings card 贺卡 goods train(货车)一双运动鞋_ 服装店_ 家长会_ 海关文件_练习： 1. The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycles shop2. He bought a _ to clean his new coat.A. cloths brushB .clothes brush C. cloth brush D. clothes brush回家作业：背诵单词第一页 “a.magain”完成以下练习一 查阅资料，写出修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词只能修饰可数名词:只能修饰不可数名词:二者都可修饰:二.写出下列名词的复数形式1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class 9) family 10) country 11) roof 12) key13) leaf 14) thief 15) hero 16)photo 17)walkman 18) Japanese 19) woman driver 20) step-mother 21) sister-in-law 22) sheep三.单项选择1. It was so crowded in the bus that there was for me. A. no room B. no rooms C. some room D. no spaces2. Four are visiting our school now, two of them are .A. Russians ; policemen B. Russians ; policeman C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen3. The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of_, so her mother went to some _stores.A. shoes; shoes B. shoes; shoe C. shoe; shoes D. shoe;shoe4. -Who did you spend last weekend with? -_. A. Palmers B. The Palmer C. The Palmers D. The Palmer 5.How many_does a cow have? Four_A. stomaches BstomachCstomachsDstomachies6. The_of the building are covered with lots of.Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs7. I had a cup of _and two pieces of _this morning.Ateas; bread Bteas; breads Ctea; breads Dtea; bread8. Miss Johnson is a friend of_.AMarys motherBMarys mothers CMary mothers DMarys mothers9.【2012届牡丹江一中高三上学期期中考试】To play better, all the players have to know their _ and weaknesses.A. techniques B. strengths C. benefits D. values10.【2012四川卷】He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _.A. luck B. value C. time D. fact11.【2012全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand12.【2012天津卷】You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation. A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary13.【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions14.【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens _A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance15. 【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship16. 10江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity17. 09安徽China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge18. 09湖北In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure19.08山东I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business20.08浙江Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea21. 03安徽春If youre driving to the airport. Can you give me a _? A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift22. 08湖北The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon23. 07福建You are always full of .Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy24. 06全国It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C.time D.way25. 06陕西My sister was against my s