七年级介词专项讲解与练习

七年级英语几个常用介词用法归纳人教版语法专项：介词【同步教育信息】一.几个常用介词用法归纳（一）in的用法： 1. 表示地点、位置，意思为“在之中，在里面”，例如：（1）They often spend holidays in the country. 他们经常在乡下渡假。（2）The children are playing in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。 2. 表示时间的范围，意为“在时候”，如：（3）He gets up at six in the morning. 他早晨6点起床。（4）The Second World War ended in 1945. 第二次世界大战在1945年结束。 3. 表示时间的经过，意思为“在之后”，如：（5）Can you finish your work in a day? 你能用一天完成这项工作吗？（6）Ill call back in ten minutes. 我10分钟后再回电。 4. 表示状况、环境意为“在状态中，处在之中”（7）They live in peace. 他们过着平静的生活。（8）I am in good shape. 我身体状况良好。 5. 穿着，戴着（9）I met a man in glasses there. 我在那遇到一个戴眼镜的人。（10）That girl is in a red dress today. 那个女孩今天穿着一件红裙子。（二）on的用法： 1. 表示位置，意为“在之上，在的表面”，例如：（1）There is a pen on the table. 桌子上有一支笔。（2）Put it on the shelf. 把它放在书架上。 2. 表示穿戴，附着于（3）She has a hat on her head. 她头上戴着帽子。（4）Who will put a bell on the cat? 谁能把铃系在猫身上？ 3. 表示手段，使用（5）I watched the film on TV. 我在电视上看过那部电影。（6）I called her up on the phone just now. 刚才我打电话给她。 4. 表示时间，主要指特定的某一天（7）They arrived in Beijing on October 14th. 他们于10月14日到达北京。（8）I sent my mother some beautiful flowers on her birthday. 在我母亲生日时，我送了她一些漂亮的花。 5. 表示状态，意为“在进行中，于状态”（9）That house is on fire. 那座房子着火了。 （10）She is now on holiday. 她正在休假。（三）at的用法： 1. 表示场所，原则at使用在小地方（1） Lets meet at the train station. 让我们在火车站见面。（2）He stood at the end of the line. 他站在一排的最后。 2. 表示具体时间和在岁时（3）School begins at 8:00 a. m. 学校上午8：00开始上课。（4）He came to Beijing at the age of eighteen. 他18岁来北京。 3. 表示目标、方向（5）They laughed at him. 他们嘲笑他。（6）He shot at the bird. 他瞄准那只鸟射击。4. 表示在从事中 （7）He was still at work in the office. 他仍然在办公室工作。（8）Children are at play. 孩子们正在玩。 5. 表示状态，在状态中（9）He is at rest in the bed. 他正在床上休息。（10）Flowers are at their best. 盛开着的鲜花。 6. 表示原因（11）She was surprised at what he said. 她听到他说的话感到惊讶。（12）I was very pleased at the news. 我因那消息而感到高兴。（四）with用法： 1. 表示共同，伴随（1）He often goes fishing with his little son. 他常常带他的小儿子去钓鱼。（2）Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。 2. 表示附有，带有（3）I have no money with me. 我没有带钱。（4）She is a girl with long hair. 她是一个长头发的少女。 3. 表示手段、工具，用（5）He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。（6）I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到的。 4. 表示赞成（7）I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。（8）We are with you all the way on this. 关于这一件事，我们一直站在你这一边。 5. 表示一致，符合（9）Which dress goes better with this pair of shoes? 哪条裙子能配这双鞋？（10）His selffish actions dont correspond with his words. 他自私的行为与他的言论不一致。 6. 表示用材料（11）The pillow is stuffed with feathers. 那个枕头填着羽毛。（12）I like eating a cake made with fruit. 我喜欢吃用水果做的蛋糕。二、常用介词分类1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到” 2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front of, in the front of在前面 in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在之后 “in +时间段”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+时间段”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从 from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。 4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。 时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in，具体日子却要禁 遇到几号要用on ，上午下午又是in 要说某日上下午，用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 ，说“差”可要用上to 说过要用past3.表运动方向的介词： across, through 通过，穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关； through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。4.表示“在之间”的介词： between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。5.表示其他意义的介词 1)on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；典型例题用所学介词填空1. My sister gets up six the morning.2. He goes to work bike his workmates.3. My mother often buys some food supper her way home.4. “Where is Tom?” Hes writing the blackboard the classroom.5. “Do you watch TV weekdays?” “No, I watch it only Sunday evening.”6. She works the farm.7. The girl a red coat is Mikes sister.8. Look! There is a white cat the tree.9. Please have a look this machine, it can fly a plane.10. The shop is closed this time day.11. He goes to work his bike about 7:00 everyday.12. Please run the kite this.13. Tom is writing a letter. The letter is Jim.14. Peter is one my friends. He looks much my brother.15. She likes eggs. What you?16. Look the picture. Can you say something it English?17. She doesnt like to be late school.18. My mother makes clothes us.19. They like staying their parents.20. The shop our school sells school things.课堂练习选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1.Whats this _ (at,on,in)English?2.Christmas is _ (at,on,in)the 25th of December.3.The man _ (with, on, in)black is Su Hais father.4.He doesnt do well _ (at,on,in)PE.5.Look at those birds _ (on,in)the tree.6.We are going to meet _ (at,on,in)the bus stop _ (at,on,in)half past ten.7.Is there a cat _ (under, behind, in)the door?8.Helens writing paper is _ (in, in front of)her computer.9.We live _ (at,on,in)a new house now.10.Does it often rain _ (at,on,in)spring there?课后练习1. There will be a football match _ Class 1 and Class 2. A. at B. in C. among D. between2. What time do you usually go to bed? I usually go to bed _ 11:00. A. in B. on C. at D. for3. The weather is hot _ summer in Beijing. A. of B. in C. at D.on4. Li Ping was late _ school yesterday. A. for B. to C. with D. of5. Liu Ying runs fastest in our school. We are proud _ her. A. at B. for C. of D. to6. Which sport do you like better, football _ basketball? A. and B. nor C. or D. but7. Who is _ duty today? A. in B. on C. at D. for8. We also have lessons _ Saturday morning. A. in B. at C. during D. on9. Mary is wearing a dress _ mine. A. like B. as C. for D. to10. All the students have finished the homework _ Zhang Hua. A. and B. besides C. or D. except 11. Grandpa Li can talk with people _ English. A. by B. from C. in D. with12. They will have the final exam _ three months. A. after B. in C. for D. at13. I was born _ a cold winter morning. A. in B. at C. to D. on14. We have never heard _ him since he left school.A. from B. of C. for D. at15. The Browns have lived in China _ 199