初中英语代词讲解

Pronoun 代词 2 一 概念 代词是代替名词的一种词类 用来代替上文中提到过的人或物 大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能 人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词相互代词关系代词 二 分类 按其意义 特征及在句中的作用分为 主格I you she he it we you they 宾格me you her him it us you them adj性my your her his its our your their n性mine yours hers his its ours yours theirs myself yourself herself himself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself this that these those eachother oneanother who whom which whose what who whom which whose that as sth sb both all no another others 1 人称代词 主格 I you she he it we you they 宾格 me you her him it us you them 1 用作主语时用主格 用作宾语 表语时用宾格 TheKingsaremusic lovers Theyoftengototheconcert NancyisaP Eteacher I veknownherforyears 2 两个以上的人称代词并列时 其次序排列原则 二三一人称 我 总是放在最后 在并列主语中 排列顺序为 you she heandI 并列宾格 you her himandme You sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase Mr Liaskedyou Tomandmetocleanthewindows 6 3 人称代词的特殊用法 she her通常用来代表国家 船只 大地 月亮等 TheTitanic thelargestshipatthattimestartedherfirstjourneyonasunnyday Chinaismymotherland althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow Istillloveherverymuch it的用法 1 代替上文中提到的动物 无生命的或抽象的事物2 表示性别不明显的婴儿3 指代录像 照片以及心中所想的人 或只闻其声未见其人的 非活生生的具体真人 4 指代天气 时间 距离 A Who sthemanbesideyouinthephoto B It smycousinHenry A Someoneisknockingatthedoor Whocanitbe B Ibetit sMike Iwarnedhimnottosmoke butitdidn thelp Lookatthebaby it ssocute lovely ItisWednesdaytoday Itistenminutes walkfrommyhousetothepark ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai 5 在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语 ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell Itiskind niceofyoutohelpme Ifind thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess makeit 口语 获得成功 takeiteasy从容 不着急letitgo不去理会 随它去 不屑或懒得多说或做什么 this thatisit这 那正是我 们 所需要的 这 那正是失败的原因所在 这 那正是最后的结果了 Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000 Westillhavehalfanhour takeiteasy Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme butIletitgo I vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit I mafraidthat sit wehavelostthematch 2 物主代词 adj物主代词属于限定词 后面必须有n 只能作定语 n性物主代词在用法上相当于 adj词性物主代词 n 既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用 Thisisn therpen Herslooksnewerandcleaner 主语Ilostmybike CanIuseyours 宾语Lookforyourkeysinyourbag notinmine 介词宾语 含有物主代词的词组onone sown byoneself独立地 独自地try doone sbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseone sway temper life 迷路 发脾气 丧命loseone shearttosb sth fallinlovewith 钟情于inone sforties fifties在某人40 50岁的时候doone shomework做作业 inone sopinion依某人看beone sownmaster mistress独立自主 12 keep loseone sbalance 因保持 失去平衡而 稳住 倒下Keep loseone shead保持镇定 昏头 冲动Keep breakone spromise信守 违背诺言keep breakone sword守信 失信 食言eatone swords承认自己说错话onone swaytosp在去某地的路上inone sfree sparetime在某人的闲暇时光holdone sbreath屏息 loseone sbreath气喘吁吁toone ssurprise disappointment令某人惊讶 失望的是 1 作动词的Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish Lora 2 作介词的宾语She sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness I mconfidentofmyself Ihaveconfidenceinmyself 3 作表语 I mnotfeelingmyselftoday 4 作同位语 起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood butitisn tsuitableforyou 3 反身代词 myself yourself herself himself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself enjoyoneself haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth learnsthbyoneself自学 buyoneselfsth buysthforoneself为自己买 calloneselfawriter JayChou自称作家 周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍 beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于 献身于behaveoneself举止规范 expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己 dressoneself up 穿衣 打扮 Helponeselftosome 随便吃 喝点 makeoneselfathome 放松 别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白 理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神 lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself onone sown独自地 独立地 一些常见的包含反身代词的词组 指示代词的句法功能 作主语 宾语 介词宾语 4 指示代词 this these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物 that those常指时间或空间较远的人或物 1ThisisthebestwaytodolearnEnglish 2Ilikethisbetterthanthat 3Idon twanttotalkaboutthat 16 指示代词的特殊指代功能 1 介绍别人时要用thisis ThisisMissLi ThisisTom2 this常指下文中要讲到的事物 有启下的作用 that则指上文中提到过的人 事物有承上的作用 Iwanttotellyouthis Thepartywillbeputoff Hehurthislegyesterday That swhyhedidn tcome 3 打电话时 你 我 不用 you I 而要用that this A Whoisthat B ThisisLilyspeaking 4 that和those可作定语从句的先行词 those常用来指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell 5 相互代词 eachother oneanother eachother指两个人 物之间 oneanother指多个之间 但eachother常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语 相互代词可加 s构成所有格 例如 Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother oneanother Wewritetoeachother Althoughthey vetalkedforfivehours theydon tknoweachother snames 6 疑问代词 指人 who whom whose 指物 what 指人 物 which疑问代词在句中作主语 宾语 定语和表语 位于谓语动词之前 没有性和数的变化 除who之外也没有格的变化 who问姓名 关系 what问职业等 就划线部分提问1 Themanwithlonghairisanartist2 Themanhaslonghair3 Thecaroverthereismine 4 Mycarisoverthere 5 SallygaveJohnacardyesterday Whoisanartist Whichmanisanartist Whatisthemanwithlonghair Whatisyours Whichcarisyours Whoseisthecaroverthere Whosecarisoverthere Whatisoverthere Whereisyourcar WhogaveJohnacaryesterday WhomdidSallygiveacardtoyesterday WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday Whohaslonghair Whatdoesthemanlooklike 7 关系代词 是用来引导定语从句的代词 包括who whom which whose that 用于指人 whowhom that 用于指物 which和that whose既可指人也可指物 1 who which和that用作主语 Heisthemanwho thatlivesnextdoor Thetrainwhich thathasjustleftisforBeijing 2 whom which that用作宾语 Theman whom that yousawisafamousactor Isthisthebook which that youboughtlastweek 3 whose用作定语 如 Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken 8 不定代词 1 something anything nothing everything Somethingiswrongwithmywatch Isthereanythingimportantintoday snewspaper Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质 并有可数和不可数之分 在句中可以作主语 表语 宾语 同位语 定语 状语等 every no只能作定语 2 one ones 指代与上文中提到的n同类中的一个 一些 单数为one 复数为ones one s 可带形容词修饰语或限定词 a an the some any next this that which和定语从句 IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone Theseapplesaretoosmall doyouhaveanybiggerones 1 Kelly srighteyeisgreen its eyeisblue 2 Iamstillhungry canIhave cake 3 Doyoumindshowingmesome pears thesearetoosmall 4 Thereisonlyoneglove whereis 5 Weneed fivedaystofinishthework 6 There remanypeopleinthepark someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand aresittingonthegrass 7 TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan arefromShanghai other theotherone theothers therest others another other another 3 another 单数 数字 复数 又一个 几个 泛指 theother两者中的另一个 前面一般有two twins eyes ears hands gloves thestreet parents等暗含2的n others other 复数 其他的 别的 泛指 多与some搭配theothers other 复数 therest 其他的 剩余的 特指 与前面提到的部分相加等于全部 多与数字搭配 some 复数n 不可数n 肯定句 或建议请求 any 复数n 不可数n 一些 否定句 疑问句 no复数 单 复数n 不可数n 没有 notany notaboth 复数 两者都 bothof 复数neither 单数 两者都不 of 复数either 单数 两者中的任何一个 all 复数n 不可数n 三个或三个以上都 所有都