交际翻译理论下大众文学作品名翻译的特性及方法

Characteristics and Methods of Popular Literature Works name Translation in Communicative TranslationAbstract: Popular literature works name translation is a small part in the literature works translation, but plays an important role. This paper attempts to discuss the translation characters of literature works name translation on the basis of Newmarks theory of communicative translation, and, further, three piece of principles and methods of literature works name translation were put forward.Key words: popular literature works name translation; communicative translation; translation method.交际翻译理论下大众文学作品名翻译的特性及方法摘要：大众文学作品名的翻译在文学作品翻译中所占比重不大，但是作用却不可忽视。从纽马克的交际翻译理论入手，探讨大众文学作品名翻译的翻译特性，由此进一步推进提出翻译大众文学作品名的三条原则和基本方法。关键词：大众文学作品名翻译；交际翻译；翻译方法IntroductionIn recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly interested in communicative translation. There has been a spate of essays in how to apply this theory to various translation fields. In all ages, as the fruits of human wisdom, literary works tend to be an indispensible media with communication culture. Further, superior literature works name translation not only convey the information of works, but also attract readers desire of reading works. Success or not of the literary works name translation directly affects the survival and spread of the works. However, there has been a wide variety of cases on todays literature works name translation. It follows that an appropriate translation method is important to translate literature works name. The paper reports on the result obtained in discussing the translation characters of popular literature works name translation on the basis of Newmarks theory of communicative translation, and, further, three piece of principles and methods of popular literature works name translation were put forward.1 Theoretical background1.1 Newmarks communicative translationAs English acknowledged typical practice theorists, Newmark combined linguistic function with translation that is called text categorization in his book A Textbook of Translation.1 Newmark also advanced two conceptions: semantic translation and communicative translation in his another book Approaches to Translation. In these books, he point out “Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the reader of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. ”2 From this definition, communicative translation is at the center of readers and claims as long as readers can pick out the writers intention and do not feel obscured, which is all right. Emphasizing readers, Semantic translation raises that convey author that express main idea in works which is translators mission above all, not at the center of readers understanding.Upon the two definitions, further, Newmark put forward how to apply the two translation theory. Newmark raises three language function model: expressive function, information function, vocative function. Final, method of text categorization is put forward: 3Researching from this form, Newmark thinks that serious literature and authoritative texts which belongs to expressive, scientific and technical reports and textbooks to informative and polemical writing, publicity, notices, lows and regulations, propaganda, whats more, popular literature belongs to vocative. Newmark raises three coefficients X, Y, Z translator should refer to. 4 X is current situation in todays world, Y is language in discourse, Z is image produced in brain. Further, he point out when translating, to informative, translators should pay attention to X, to expressive, should to Y, to vocative, should to Z. In changeable economic market, literature works can be classified serious and popular literature. And people prefer popular literature to serious literature. Literature works name should be translated a shape that attracts people to interest in, to read, and to buy. To analysis from that, when translating, emphasizing language, semantic translation applies to expressive, emphasizing current situation, communicative translation applies to informative, and emphasizing popular sentiment, communicative translation applies to vocative. We can find that communicative translation applies to popular literature.1.2 Popular literature works name translation There are two types in literary history, Classical and Popular. Classical literature is authoritative and eternal so that becomes a learning example and role model. In history, The Book of Songs was spread from mouth to mouth in the private sector, which made The Book of Songs be a popular literature. 5 We can see, popular literature is one adopted and appreciated by people. Nowadays, popular literature turns into a commercialized pattern of manifestation and react status and situation from different angles. Popular literatures evaluation criterion is its sales volume. How to win the top.1 of week sales is so important to writers. Thus, popular literature works name should be tasteful with the public, dull and unsightly name can not attract and impress people to interest in, to read, and to buy. Popular literature belongs to Newmarks vocative. So, translating from readers feeling is important. A good name will bring good sales.As the one of the vocative, translator could consider this case from communicative translation. On the one hand, at the center of readers, they can understand the translated name without any troubles; on the other hand, the translated name should have enough aesthetic feeling and counter appeal, which can stimulate people to read and buy. Finally, the translated name could respond the books contents.2 Methods of popular literature works name translation2.1 Three principles in popular literature works name translation Above that three requires about translating popular literature works name, accordingly, there have been three principles. First, readers language-oriented and cultural background-oriented principle is foremost. Second, maximizing aesthetic effects is next thing. Final, translation must be faithful.Since in communicative translation which attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the reader of the original. 6 Absolutely, translator could consider readers language and cultural background as far as possible. Whats more, any translation over readers language and cultural background can not be good to readers and lose the works special information. So, in popular literature works name translation, if is excessive, the translation must modify on the basis of the three principles.Translator could accord with No.2 principle to modify when translation satisfied No.1 principle. Aesthetic effects directly affect translation effect that shaped in peoples brains. Attracting people to buy, translated name should be impressed with people. So, aesthetic feeling is necessary.Final, translator should consider translated name is faithful. There has a question since the center is reader, how to be faithful? The answer is to be faithful that is not copy the works, not literal translation but keep and contain the idea of writers thoughts. For instance, Comeback (by Dick Francis) described a diplomatist, Darwin Peter, comes back hometown and he is involved in a case, which was translated归故or回乡. Translator applies literal translation that can not reveal the ideal of book and attract Chinese readers interests. However, translator add nightmare into the works name, which can properly reflect the idea of the book. The works name should be 故里恶梦which can reveal the ideal of book and attract Chinese readers interests.72.2 Translation methods to follow the three principles2.2.1 TransliterationThis translation method mainly applies character name or place name to popular literature works name translation, especially, familiar name with readers. There has a deep historical background in these names that can remind readers feelings and memories, so transliteration is most appropriate.2.2.2 Literal translationSome works names can be found totally coincident forms and meanings, and readers can understand the whole ideas of works without any troubles. Meanwhile, only consider translators vivid and concise words which is all right. This method is literal translation. For instance,红玫瑰白玫瑰by Eileen Chang was translated Red Rose White Rose,花逝by Junichi Watanabe was translated The Flower Elapses and so on.2.2.3 Literal translating a part2.2.3.1 To meet the expressive needs of translated languageBecause of the difference in the form of different language, sometimes translator should transform slightly the order or structure of words which can maintain the whole meaning and form. For instance, 飞狐外传by Louis Cha was translated Other Story of Flying Fox,三重门by Han Han was translated Triple Gate,失乐园by Junichi Watanabe was translated A Lost Paradise,还珠格格and 青青河边草and失火的天堂by Nancy were translated Princess Pearl, Green Grass Alongside The River and The Heaven in Fire,色戒by Eileen Chang was translated Lust and so on.2.2.3.2 To meet the cultural understanding needs of readersWhen the works name contains some words with cultural attribute, translator should avoid only literal translating and should translate deep meaning into works name. Popular literature works name translation has a profound characteristic of communicative translation. Translator should translate the deep meaning into works name at the center of readers understanding. Thus, using proper words with cultural attribute to replace original words is very essential. For instance,射雕英雄传,笑傲江湖and碧血剑by Louis Cha were translated Legend of Condor Heroes, The Smiling Prond Wonderer and The Sword Stained with Royal Blood,西厢记by Shipu Wang was translated Romance of the western Chamber,三国演义 by Guanzhong Luo was translated Romance of Three Kingdom,霸王别姬by Eileen Chang was translated Farewell to My Concubine and so on.2.2.4 Free translation2.2.4.1 To maximize the aesthetical effectsAesthetic appreciation is using language to create a scene, mood even a melody and concentrating readers feelings of native language and conveying this feelings to readers of foreign language.8 Some works name can not use literal translation that will make the work and name be boring. Meanwhile, if translator analysis and definite content of the work and use some words with aesthetic, readers will feel better and be attracted. That is a good names translation. For instance,又见一帘幽梦and情深深雨濛濛by Nancy were translated Dreams Link and Romance in the Rain,倾城之恋by Eileen Chang was translated Love in a Fallen City and so on.2.2.4.2 To meet the cultural understanding needs of readersWhen the works name contains some words with cultural attribute, translator should avoid only literal translating and should translate deep meaning into works name. Popular literature works name translation has a profound characteristic of communicative translation. Translator should translate the deep meaning into works name at the center of readers understanding. Thus, using proper words with cultural attribute to replace original words is very essential.梁山伯与祝英台was literal translated, but foreign readers do not know what meaning is and what cultural gap is. However, when it is translated butterfly loves, readers can get the main idea and be interested in this works. There are more works names translation for example.水浒传by Naian Shi was translated All Men Are Brothers and The Water Margin. From these translations, All Men Are Brothers can not attract readers but The Water Margin has suspense with readers.ConclusionPopular literature works name translation is not a simply mission and a