英语诗歌鉴赏--Appreciation of English PoemsPPT课件.ppt

AppreciationofEnglishPoems 1 诗是最古老最基本最具有文学特质的文学形式 英国最早有文字记载的诗是Beowulf 它作为口头文学形式产生于公元6世纪 书面记载完成于公元7世纪到8世纪之间 2 Whatispoetry 伟大的希腊哲学家Aristotle曾经说过 诗歌高于历史 因为她是永恒的 它讲述的是在时间上永恒 在空间上放之四海而皆准的真理 它所表达的爱与恨 忠与奸 创造与毁灭 战争与和平等无不是人类自古以来关注的主题 人类对于爱与和平顽强的追求从来也没有改变过 诗歌除了在表现形式上有所变化外 歌颂的正是这种不变的感情 3 Whatispoetry 诗歌不仅是一种文学题材 它更是一种艺术形式 就像其他艺术形式一样 它与美息息相关 人可能对美有不同的理解 但诗人对美的追求是创作的动机 他们用独特的 发现美的能力 将生活中的悲欢离合 冲突与和谐 平淡与壮举艺术地展示给大家 诗歌也是诗和歌的组合 其中密切的关系使得诗歌必然具备了音乐的基本素质 诗与歌的联姻赋予它节奏 韵律等 4 HowtoAppreciateanEnglishPoem STOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENING 5 STOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENING WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow Hishouseisinthevillagethough HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear 6 STOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENING HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake Theonlyothersound sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake Thewoodsarelovely darkanddeep ButIhavepromisestokeep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep RobertFrost 7 雪夜林畔小驻 余光中译 想来我认识这座森林 林主的庄宅就在邻村 却不会见我在此驻马 看他林中积雪的美景 我的小马一定颇惊讶 四望不见有什么农家 偏是一年最暗的黄昏 寒林和冰湖之间停下 它摇一摇身上的串铃 问我这地方该不该停 此外只有轻风拂雪片 再也听不见其他声音 森林又暗又深真可羡 但我还要守一些诺言 还要赶多少路才安眠 还要赶多少路才安眠 8 THEROADNOTTAKEN Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth Thentooktheother asjustasfair Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame 9 THEROADNOTTAKEN AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack Oh Ikeptthefirstforanotherday Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence Tworoadsdivergedinawood andI Itooktheonelesstraveledby Andthathasmadeallthedifference RobertFrost 10 未选择的路 美 弗罗斯特黄色的树林里分出两条路 可惜我不能同时去涉足 我在那路口久久伫立 我向着一条路极目望去 直到它消失在丛林深处 但我却选了另外一条路 它荒草萋萋 十分幽寂 显得更诱人 更美丽 虽然在这两条小路上 都很少留下旅人的足迹 虽然那天清晨落叶满地 两条路都未经脚印污染 呵 留下一条路等改日再见 但我知道路径延绵无尽头 恐怕我难以再回返 也许多少年后在某个地方 我将轻声叹息把往事回顾 一片树林里分出两条路 而我选了人迹更少的一条 从此决定了我一生的道路 11 Exercises VocabularyExplainthedefinitionsofthefollowingitalicwordsinthecontextoftheselectedpoems LookthemupinanEnglishdictionaryifnecessary 1 WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow anareaoflandcoveredwithathickgrowthoftrees2 Hewillnotseemestoppinghere Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow becomefull3 Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer notusualorexpected 12 Exercises 4 Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake Toaskifthereissomemistake asetofstrapsfixedtogetherandfittedtoananimalsuchasahorsesothatitcanbeattachedtoacartorcarriageforpulling5 Theonlyothersounds sthesweep Ofeasywindanddownyflake sweep 拂去 alongsmoothmovementdowny 羽绒般的 松软的 softandfluffy6 Thewoodsarelovely darkanddeep ButIhavepromisestokeep assurancesthatsomethingwillbedoneornotdone undertakings 13 Exercises 7 Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood separated8 Towhereitbentintheundergrowth shrubs smalltrees orothervegetationgrowingbeneaththetreesinaforest9 Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim basis10 Itwasgrassyandwantedwear grassy coveredwithgrasswear walk tread11 Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack p p oftread steppedorwalkedtospreadsomethingunwantedfromthefeetorfootwear12 Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh anaudibleexhalationofadeepbreathinrelieforweariness 14 Exercises Comprehensionquestions1 Thespeakerinpoem1is B A RobertFrost thepoetB animaginativetravelerwhoisheadingtohisdestinationC impersonal 不具人格的东西 2 Readpoem1onceagainandwritedownthewordsthatdescribetime placeandcondition Time thedarkesteveningoftheyearPlace betweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeCondition darkandsnowy3 Thespeakerinpoem1stoppedbythewoodsbecause B A heistiredoftravelingB heisattractedbytheviewC hehaslosthisway 15 Exercises 4 Thinkoverandwritedownatleastthreeconnotations 内涵意义 theword snow oftenacquiresfromitscommonuse Whatconnotationsdoes snow acquireinpoem1 commonconnotations white pure cold momentaryattractioninthepoem theword snow hastheconnotationofweirdorsurrealattractionontheonehandanddeathorlossofvitalityontheother 5 Oneofthecommonovertonesof snow evening wind and flake inpoem1is C A coldweatherB badweatherC deprivationoflife6 Thespeakerinpoem2is A A atravelerwhowaswalkinginawoodB RobertFrost thepoetC apersonwhohadadecisiontomake7 Frompoem2 wecouldseethatthespeaker C A regrettedbeingunabletotraveltworoadssimultaneouslyB believedthattheroadnottakenwasmucheasiertotravelC believedthatadecisionmadeearlierinone slifewouldinfluencehislaterlife 16 Exercises 8 Writedownboththedenotationsandtheconnotationsof wood and traveler 17 Exercises 9 Theword wood inthetwopoemsbyRobertFrostisof C A thesameconnotationsB differentconnotationsC bothdifferentandsameconnotations10 Inpoem2 tworoadsdiverged inthefirststanzaandthatinthefourthstanzaexist C A inthesametimeandspaceB inthesametimespanbutdifferentspaceC inthedifferenttimeandspace 18 Exercises Topicsfordiscussion1 Whatkindofattitudesdoesthespeakerinpoem1havetowardsthewoods Attitudeissomeone sopinionsorfeelingsaboutsomething especiallyasshownbytheirbehavior Thespeakerinthepoemhasmixedattitudestowardsthewoods Ontheonehand hefeelsattractedbythewoods astheyare lovely darkanddeep andfilledupwithsnow Thatiswhyhestopsbythewoods Ontheotherhand heresiststhetemptationofthe lovely darkanddeep woods ashehas promisestokeep 19 Exercises 2 Inpoem1 doestheword promise instanza4haveanyspecialmeaningsinthepoem Giveyourreasons Thedenotationoftheword promise isastatementinwhichyousaythatsomethingwilldefinitelyhappen oryouwilldefinitelydosomething Theword promises instanza4isinitspluralform andnomodifierisusedbeforeit Inotherwords theword promises inthepoemdoesnotrefertoaparticularpromise Itreferstopromisesingeneral Readingbetweenthelines especiallybyputtingtogethertheconnotationsof woods snow darkestevening and sleep wecanseethatthewordpromisesinstanza4hasspecialconnotations Ifweinterpret sleep asthefinalrest i e death wemayunderstandthewordpromisesaslifecommitmentsorobligations Itisimportanttoremindourselves however thatwordsusedinpoetryareoftendefiantofapreciseandsingularinterpretation andthatthereisamultiplicityofinterpretationsofthesamewordsinapoem 20 Exercises 3 Doestherepetitionofthelasttwolinesinpoem1haveanyspecialfunction RepetitionisanimportantliterarydeviceinEnglishpoetry whichwewillcoverinsomedetailinsection4 Therepetitionofthelasttwolinesinthepoemforegroundsthespeaker sdeterminationtocarryonhisjourneyandtofulfillhis promises orrather hislifecommitmentsandobligationsbeforehesleeps Therepetitionalsofunctionsasarefraininthelaststanza 21 诗歌鉴赏 AuldLangSyne Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot andneverbroughttomind Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot andauldlangsyne CHORUS Forauldlangsyne myjo forauldlangsyne we lltakacupo kindnessyet forauldlangsyne Andsurelyye llbeyourpint stowp andsurelyI llbemine Andwe lltakacupo kindnessyet forauldlangsyne 22 CHORUSWetwahaerunaboutthebraes andpu dthegowansfine Butwe vewander dmonyawearyfit sinauldlangsyne CHORUSWetwahaepaidl di theburn fraemorningsuntilldine Butseasbetweenusbraidhaeroar dsinauldlangsyne CHORUSAndthere sahand mytrustyfiere andgie sahando thine Andwe lltakarightgude willywaught forauldlangsyne CHORUS 23 EnglishTranslationofAuldLangSyne Shouldoldacquaintance 相识之人 beforgot andneverbroughttomind Shouldoldacquaintancebeforgot andoldlangsyne CHORUS Forauldlangsyne mydear forauldlangsyne we lltakeacupofkindness 和蔼 亲切 yet forauldlangsyne Andsurelyyou llbuyyourpint 品脱 计量单位 cup andsurelyI llbuymine Andwe lltakeacupo kindnessyet forauldlangsyne CHORUSWetwohaverunabouttheslopes 山谷的斜坡 andpickedthedaisies 雏菊 fine Butwe vewandered 漫步 manyawearyfoot sinceauldlangsyne 24 EnglishTranslationofAuldLangSyne CHORUSWetwohavepaddled 划桨 inthestream frommorningsuntilldine Butseasbetweenusbroadhaveroaredsinceauldlangsyne CHORUSAndthere sahandmytrustyfriend Andgivemeahando thine 你的 Andwe lltakearightgood willdraught 饮 吸 forauldlangsyne CHORUS 25 往昔的时光 老朋友哪能相忘 哪能不放在心上 老朋友哪能遗忘 还有往昔的时光 为了往昔的时光 老朋友 为了往昔的时光 再干一杯友情的酒 为了往昔的时光 你来痛饮一大杯 我也买酒来相配 干一杯友情的酒又何妨 为了往昔的时光 26 我们曾遨游山岗 到处将野花拜访 但以后走上疲惫的旅程 逝去了往昔的时光 我们曾赤脚蹚过河流 水声笑语里将时间忘 如今大海的怒涛把我们隔开 逝去了往昔的时光 忠实的老友 伸出你的手 让我们握手聚一堂 再来痛饮一杯欢乐酒 为了往昔的时光 27 AuldLangSyneisaScotspoemwrittenbyRobertBurnsin1788andsettothetune 曲调 ofatraditionalfolksong ThepoetwasborninScotland Hisfatherwasapoorpeasant Thepeasantoriginandenvironmentespeciallyaidedhiminmasteringthehappysimplicity humor directnessandoptimism whicharecharacteristicsofoldScottishsongs Manyofhispoemshaveamusicalquality AuldLangSyneisrightanexample ItiswellknowninmanyEnglish speakingcountriesandisoftensungtocelebratethestartoftheNewYearatthestrokeofmidnight Byextension itsusehasalsobecomecommonatfunerals graduations andasafarewellorendingtootheroccasions 28 友谊地久天长 是苏格兰诗人罗伯特 彭斯在1788年创作的一首诗 被谱以传统民谣歌的乐调 诗人生于苏格兰 父亲是个贫苦的农民 农民的出生和环境使他掌握了苏格兰歌曲的欢快 简约 幽默 直率和乐观 他的很多诗都带有明显的音乐特征 友谊地久天长 就是一个很好的例证 这首歌在很多英语国家都流传甚广 常在新年午夜钟声响起时 被高声吟唱 来庆祝新一年的开始 而且 在葬礼 毕业典礼或其它结束场合也会被当作告别曲传唱 29 Thesong sScotstitlemaybetranslatedintoEnglishliterallyas oldlongsince ormoreidiomatically longlongago daysgoneby Inanycase itisoneofthebestknownsongsinEnglish speakingcountries although likemanyotherfrequentlysungsongs themelodyisbetterrememberedthatthewords whichareoftensungincorrectly andseldominfull 30 这首诗的苏格兰语标题直接翻译成英语就是 昔日时光 或者更俗语话一些 很久很久以前 过去的日子 无论怎么翻译 它都是英语中最著名的诗歌作品之一 虽然和很多其它被广为传唱的歌曲一样 人们记住的往往不是诗词而是旋律 有时 歌词被唱错 或者唱不完整 AuldLangSyneisanextremelynostalgicandsincereexpressionoffriendship ItisforthisreasonthatpeopleallovertheworldsingthissongatsocialgatheringsandmostfamouslyonHogmanay 苏格兰除夕夜 astheyreflectontimespastandwelcometheNewYear Severallinesinthesongarethesameaspartofthepoem forexample Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot Andneverbroughttomind Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot Anddayso auldlangsyne 31 友谊地久天长 的怀旧特色极其浓厚 对友谊的表达也是无比真诚 恰是因为这一点 全世界的人在不同的社交场合都会唱这首歌 最有名的当属苏格兰当地除夕夜 人们回顾往昔 欢迎新一年的到来 其中的几句 恰是诗的原文 怎能忘记昨日朋友 心中能不怀想 昨日朋友岂能相忘 友谊地久天长 32 OmyLuve slikeared redroseThat snewlysprunginJune OmyLuve slikethemelodie 旋律 歌曲 That ssweetlyplay dintune Asfairart be的变体 thou 你 mybonnie 漂亮的 lass 小姑娘 SodeepinluveamI AndIwillluvethee 古英语thou的宾格 你 still mydear Tilla all theseasgangdry Tilla theseasgangdry mydear Andtherocksmeltwi with thesun Iwillluvetheestill mydear Whilethesandso of lifeshallrun Andfaretheewell myonlyLuveAndfaretheewell awhile AndIwillcomeagain myLuve Tho though itweretenthousandmile ARedRedRose 33 一朵红红的玫瑰 啊 我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰 六月里迎风初开 啊 我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子 奏得合拍又和谐 我的好姑娘 多么美丽的人儿 请看我 多么深挚的爱情 亲爱的 我永远爱你 纵使大海干涸水流尽 纵使大海干涸水流尽 太阳将岩石烧作灰尘 亲爱的 我永远爱你 只要我一息犹存 珍重吧 我唯一的爱人 珍重吧 让我们暂时别离 但我一定要回来 哪怕千里万里 34 诗歌鉴赏 HowdoIlovethee Letmecounttheways IlovetheetothedepthandbreadthandheightMysoulcanreach whenfeelingoutofsightFortheendsofBeingandidealGrace Ilovetheetothelevelofeveryday sMostquietneed bysunandcandlelight Ilovetheefreely asmenstriveforRight Ilovetheepurely astheyturnfromPraise IlovetheewiththepassionputtouseInmyoldgriefs andwithmychildhood sfaith IlovetheewithaloveIseemedtoloseWithmylostsaints Ilovetheewiththebreath Smiles tears ofallmylife and ifGodchoose Ishallbutlovetheebetterafterdeath 35 我究竟怎样爱你 让我细数端详 我爱你直到我灵魂所及的深度 广度和高度 我在视力不及之处摸索着存在的极致和美的理想 我爱你象最朴素的日常需要一样 就象不自觉地需要阳光和蜡烛 我自由地爱你 象人们选择正义之路 我纯洁地爱你 象人们躲避称赞颂扬 我爱你用的是我在昔日的悲