新概念第三册35---Justice-was-done.doc

Lesson 35 Justice was doneWords and expression 1. Justice n.the quality of being fair正义，公正，司法: injustice:不公平，不公正 justice is done.正义得到伸张 -bring justice to the criminal把罪犯捉拿归案 -do justice to sb.公正地对待某人 -do oneself justice: 公正地对待自己 -give oneself up to justice:自首 -in justice to 为了对公正起见 They decided to investigate the case in justice to the person.为了对这个人公正起见，他们决定再次调查这个案件。 The Ministry of Justice(Defense) 司法/国防部 Mister of justice 司法部长 2. Law n.法律 go to law 诉诸法律 take law into ones own hand: 无法无天 Take the law of sb 控告 At law : 在诉讼中 Within the law: 合法 Outside the law: 不合法 Lawyer: 律师 Lawful: 有法可依的，合法的，法定的 lawfully ; lawless无法可依的 lawlessly 3. Innocence: n. 无辜 innocent: (adj.) （反义词分别为：guilt / guilty） 4. Undertake vt.a very formal word, take or do, 承担，着手做 take up writing从事写作; undertake to do/ Start to do sth/pick up doing sth/Be engaged in sth/Set out to do/Set about doing/Carry on doing/Perform sth./ .on the way正在进行(某事在进行当中) He undertook to inform everyone concerned.他开始通知相关的每一个人。 The United Nations are supposed to untake the role of global peace-maker. 联合国负有维护世界和平的责任。 The investigation was on the way. 调查在进行 Undertake sth （an investigation）（开始调查了）开始做较严峻的事情 5. Arduous adj.hard or difficult, esp. involving a lot of efforts and perseverance 艰难的,艰苦的,但比hard or difficult 更强烈 Studying English is an arduous job. -ous(adj.) industrious 勤劳的;laborious劳神的,吃力的; going upstairs is laborious for an old lady. strenuous费力,全力以赴, 语气比arduous更强 6 mete out: give punishment or reward有分寸的给予或惩罚 Meet out reward/punishment. Justice was meted out to them 他们得到了公正的处理。 Schoolteachers used to mete out physical punishment to their students. 7. Accord n.& vi.一致 =agree with ;in accord with:和一致; out of accord with和不一致 of ones own accord:自然而然的; Justice is done of ones own accord.正义自然而然得到了伸张。 according to 依据，根据 in accordance with 依据(法律，条文，规章制度) 8. Premises n. building or lands used by a shop, restaurant or company etc 场所，场址，房屋 business premises 经营场所 No food and drinks is allowed on the premises. 食品和饮料不得带进场内/店内 residence: 住处,居留地; dwelling: 供人居住的地方; house:住房； housing住房(总称) the housing problem 住房问题 9. Disused: adj. no longer used 不再用的，废弃的（disused house） unused: never used or not being used从未使用过/ 现在没有使用；misused弄错的， used 用过的, second hand 二手的 Chip v.砍，削，凿chip a hole凿洞; chop 砍chop head 砍头 Blacken v.使变黑 Emerge v.( 从某处)出现 TEXT What are the two meanings and what is the distinction between them? According to the text, on the one hand justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. And on the other justice can mean the reward or punishment some people received immediately after they had done sth. The first 2 paragraphs explain respectively the differences of these two meanings. The 1st paragraph tells us about the legal justice which may not always be done(法律意义上的正义，它未必永远得到伸张). Because judges are men and men can make mistakes; the 2ne paragraph tells us about justice as the natural justice which can be done on its own. （自然意义上的正义/公道，有时不用人力干涉，自然就会实施报应）。The 3rd is about the thief which is an example. 在他受到法律意义的惩罚之前其实就已经受到了正义的自然意义的惩罚。 1. justice has been done: means “sb has been treated fairly or punished as he/she deserved”正义得到伸张 2. beyond doubt: completely certain 不容置疑 beyond belief/ words/ description/question / hope/ dispute /contrary / imagination/ measure/ understanding难以相信，形容，描述，没希望，无可争议 His honesty is beyond doubt. 他的诚意是不容质疑的。 3. machinery：system, the machinery of government=the system /structure of government 4. undertake: a written word, means take or do The United States was supposed to undertake the rule of global peace-maker. (have the responsibility to take the rule) 负有维持世界和平的责任 5. arduous: means hard, difficulty, but stronger than them esp. involving a lot of efforts or perseverance. We often describe a mountain-climbing as an arduous one or an arduous task. 非常艰辛的过程。An arduous mountain-climbing / task 6. however: no matter how. You should report any accident, however serious or minor it is. 无论事故是大是小 If she likes something, she will buy it however much it costs.只要他喜欢什么东西不管价钱是多少他都要买7. eminent: famous, its synonym is distinguished, but “eminent” emphasizes the serious work in science or art, but famous就未必要这些界定 famous movie star eminent scientists 8. there are rare instances when: instances: example here it means “cases ”sometimes, occasionally There have been a few instances when plane took off without adequate safety checks. 有的时候飞机起飞的时候没有做好足够的安全检查。 There are rare instances when women are not equal to men. 9. cease to do / doing: stop, but cease is used to emphasize result Some museums have ceased to charge admission. 一些博物馆应经不收门票了。 Her heart suddenly ceased to beat. We must cease dumping waste in the sea.停止向海洋倾倒废物。 10. mete out: give or order, a very formal use Schoolteachers used to mete out students physical punishment to their pupils. (to give) 7. independent of: India became independent in 1947. (国家的独立) He is not financially independent. （个人的经济独立） The organization is completely independent of government.（separate from 独立于政府存在） 8. interference: a formal word, 干预 state interference：政府干预 9. justice acts like a living force: as if it is an alive power, living: 活的 act: behave The man acted as if he found my offer outrageous. (he behaved in the way as if.) Living creatures活物; a living language: an existing language which is still being spoken 10. it serves him right: means he deserves it 他罪有应得 11. in part: partly, or to some degree 12. (a certain) set of circumstances: a group of situations or a serious situation 一系列的情形/ 一套 a set of tools 一套工具 13. act of its own accord: act: do or perform 行使，行动 She acted without thinking. 做事不加考虑 14. own accord: on its own automatically without being asked自动地 He attended the meeting of his own accord. (means “nobody invited him”) Paraphrase：when we say thing like “it serves him right”, in a sense, what we means is justice can act of its own in some situations. 15. located the right chimney:= found the right chmney, but slightly formal than find They are still trying to locate the source of the sound.继续寻找声源 We cant locate your application form at the moment. （find） 16. be trapped in: be caught in, can also be used figuratively He felt trapped in such a dead end job. 他在这样一个没有前途的工作中觉得毫无希望。（hopeless） 17. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that sorry-looking: the one who looked sorry blackblack-en- blackened: usually used to describe quality or state broadened拓宽的, brightened, weakened 削弱的, sharpened This text is a little difficult,因为它比较正规。使用了很多抽象名词。Besides, in word choices, it uses a lot of formal verbs and prositional phrases and nouns. 选词正规，用了很多书面用语。在句式上it uses a lot of indirect states. Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.(they can not necessarily find justice) There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception.: occasionally justice becomes almost alive When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say it serves him right.: the shop assistants must feel like saying “it serves him very much”. They want to say this too much. 课文语言上有些难度，但内容并不难理解，其实就是说相信正义的存在，相信“善有善报，恶有恶报”这样一个自然规律。英文中也又这样的说法：The good will be rewarded and evil will be punished. 或者说God is just. (in Chinese 天网恢恢疏而不漏)。课文中讲到的justice 的另外一层意思就是与天网相对的法网legal justice。课文强调了法网的局限性，因为法律是有人来制定和执行的Judges are human and can make mistakes. 英文中也有相应的说法to err is human. 相信有自然意义上的正义存在，我们多少回觉得有些安慰。Seek: look for arduous: hard, difficult Eminent: famous and admired instances: cases, examples Ceases: stops independent of: not connected with Of its own accord: indepently, without being asked or toldII. Summary-writing points1. Girl heard muffled cry-behind wall2. Heard cry again-told manager-rang fire brigade3. Fire fighters-found right chimney-tapping walls-listening4. Chipped through thick wall-found man5. Narrow-man couldnt move-fire fighters freed him-cut hole in wallIII. Summary Afirl in the jewelery