名词性从句与答案

名词性从句一. 相关概念1.名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作_、_、_和_。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名 主语从句( The Subject Clause) 一个句子相当于一个名词在句中作主语。 词 宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 从 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause) 句 同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause) 判断下列句子属于那种从句：. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery._. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job._. The problem is who will be equal to the task._. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not._ . I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers._ 4.名词性从句的引导词。连接词：that , （只起连接作用，不作任何成分，本身没有任何意思）whether, if（只起连接作用，不作任何成分，意思是“是否”）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”, 只用于表语从句）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whom, whomever, whose（起连接作用，作主语，宾语，表语，定语）连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however（起连接作用，作状语）二主语从句I划出下列句子的引导词，并判断他们属于哪一类.1. That he is hardworking is known to us. 2. Whether he will come isnt clear.3. What we need is water. 4. Whoever comes is welcome.5. Who will go makes no difference. 6. Which he will choose is obvious. 7. Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.8. When he will give us a lecture hasnt been decided.9. How he will go there isnt important. 10. Wherever you are is my home.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.When will he come is not known. 改正：_但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序 2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 改正：_3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能(若It作形式主语，可用).4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.II It作为形式主语的主语从句。当一个句子的主语过长时，为了使句子平衡，我们通常使用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在其后。That he is hardworking is known to us.It is known to us that he is hardworking.Whether he will go with us isnt clear. _III 常见的it作形式主语的句型It + be + 形容词 that从句It is necessary/ important / obvious/likely/possible/certain thatEg.It is obvious that you are wrong.It + be + -ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定It is said that. 据说It + be + 名词 that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise/a fact/a pity/no wonder/a shamethat . It + 不及物动词 that从句It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起IV主语从句中应注意的问题1.一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为单数。Eg Whether he will come depends on the weather.2. what 引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定。What I want is money. What we need are good booksWhat he said is reasonable. What we will do hasnt been decided.3. Where he was born and where he lives now are not clear.Where and when he was born remains a secret.两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动词应为单数。4. Whether he will come isnt clear.(不能换成if)It isnt clear whether he will come . (可以与if进行替换)V Exercises1_ you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Whether D. How2_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3_ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether4_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where5_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who三宾语从句I 完成下列练习题1) I dont believe _ he said.2) Sometimes we arent satisfied with _ we have got.3) We paid a visit to _ was our primary school last week4) Mary said _she wasnt felling well.5) Im not sure _he can do it.6) Im interested in _he will come.7) I dont know _he will choose.8) Im interested in _he was able to escape from the big fire.9) Im thinking about _he met yesterday.10) Were worried about _he is safe. II It作为形式宾语的宾语从句句式：Sb+make/believe/think/find/consider/feel+it +adj/n.+that从句Eg. I think it a pity that you didnt pass the exam. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.III 宾语从句中的否定前移如果宾语从句是由think，believe，imagine，suppose等词引导时，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。Eg I think he wont come here. (False) I dont think he will come here.I dont believe you have finished your work, _?IV. 带how的词组也能引导宾语从句。1 Could you tell us _ it costs to fly to Hainan?2 Could you tell us _ you go abroad for a holiday?3 Could you tell us _the meeting will last?4 I dont know _it is to the cinema 5 Please tell us _students there are in your school?6 Can you tell us _his brother is?7 Please tell us _you will be ready.V宾语从句中应注意的问题。1. I dont know _he will come.I want to know _he will come or not.Are you talking about _he will come?小结：whether和if否可以引导宾语从句，但与or not联用时，常用_;作介词的宾语时只用_2. that 引导一个宾语从句时可省，但引导两个或两个以上的宾从时，第一个可省，其余均不能省。Eg .He said (that) he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3. 宾语从句中的语序为陈述语序。VI Exercises1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time. A. that B. if C. when D. what time4. Does anybody know _we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like6. My sister told him _. A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 8. Could you tell me how long _? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China四表语从句表语从句是名词性从句中最好辨认的从句，它只放在系动词的后面，对主语起解释说明的作用。I表语从句的引导词连接词：that，whether，as if，as though连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what连接副词：when，why，where，how，becauseII 选择合适的引导词填空1The question is _we can rely on him. (if?) 2 Thats _we were in need of money at that time.3 He looked _he was going to cry.4 Thats _I was late.5 The reason is _I have no money.6 The reason why he was late was _his bike broke down on the way.III 表语从句中应注意的问题。1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason _ he was late this morning is _ the traffic was too heavy.IV Exercises1. The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 3. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether4. That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 5. Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when 五同位语从句I.同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句多数用that来作引导词，而且不能省略。少数情况下也可用连接副词how,when, where 等.Eg. He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months. We all know the fact that he is a good student.II Exercises1. Many teachers hold the view _teenagers should not spend too much time on line.2. The suggestion _students should learn something practical is worth considering.3. I have no idea _it will rain tomorrow.4. The question _they could spend the night was arisen.六名词性从句中需要注意的几个问题I. whether与if的区别1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ to go.5. The question is _he will pass the exam.6. I have a question _he will pass the exam. 7._he will come isnt clear.8. It isnt clear _he will come. 小结: whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时, f. discuss后只能用whether。II 表示“建议”“请求”“命令”的词用在名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气should +动词原形，should 可以省略掉。It is suggested that you (should) have a rest.(主语从句)I suggested that you (should) have a rest.（宾语从句）My suggestion is that you (should) have a rest.（表语从句）I give you a suggestion that you (should) have a rest.（同位语从句）常见词：suggest，advise，order，command，demand，request，require，insist等III 同位语从句和定语从句的区别1. 同位语从句用来进一步解释前面名词的内容。 定语从句用来修饰限制前面的名词E.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2. 同位语从句中的that是连接词，只起连接作用不作任何成分，没有任何意思，但不能省略。定语从句中that是关系代词，在句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可以省略。E.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）IV. 名词性从句的语序都为陈述语序。引导名词性从句的that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。E.g. That he said so made us angry. What he said at the meeting made us angry.China is no longer what it used to be.V. 疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别1、疑问词+ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。e.g. Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.2、nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。e.g. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.注意：who与 whoever的区别 who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，whoever相当于anyone who“无论谁”He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.比较：He asked me who broke the glass.（正确） 他问我是谁打的玻璃。He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）Whoever goes against law shall be punished.（正确） 违法的人将受罚。Who goes against law shall be punished.（错误）VI注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句What was it that he wanted? I dont know what it was that he wanted.It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problemVII. Exercises1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What ; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because2. _is certain is _prevention is more important than treatment . A. It; that B. What; that C. As; what D. What; what3. He is absent from school. It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason4. Could I speak to _is in charge of International Sales, please?A. anyoneB. someone C. whoever D. no matter who5. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A. that B. how C. where D. what 6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?- Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. which B. that C. what D. when9. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that10.Our city has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. that it used to be B. what it used to be C. which it used to be D. what was it11.The true value of life is not in _ , but_. A. how you get ;that you give B. which you get; what you give C. what you get ;what you give D. what do you get ;what do you give12._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It13. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; .why D. What; because14. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break15. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what16. - Can I help you? - Yes, do