初三英语动词不定式专项复习

初三英语动词不定式专项复习一、动词不定式的定义动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好！二、动词不定式的基本形式肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形(to是不定式符号、标志，无意义，可以不翻译)三、动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 四、动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1、不定式作宾语能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物动词）很多，常见的有want to do, like to do, wish to do, hate to do, hope to do, prefer to do, try to do, ask to do, start to do, begin to do, decide to do, learn to do, choose to do, agree to do, expect to do, remember to do, forget to do，等。Vt.(及物动词)+ to do sth.He wanted to borrow my CD player.His brother is learning to drive.I hope to speak English well.动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。 I fond it difficult to learn physics.2、不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后，补充说明宾语，作补足语。常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want sb to do, ask sb to do , tell sb to do, order sb to do, get sb to do, wish sb to do, allow sb to do, invite sb to do, teach sb to do, encourage sb to do, beg sb to do 等。Vt. + sb. + (not) to do sth.The teacher told us to read the text.Who taught you to play the music.He asked me not to tell you the news.His parents didnt allow him to play常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”Please listen to me sing this song again.I felt someone open my door.The boss made the girl work ten hour a day.You must watch me carefully do everything.跟省to的还有:had better,why not.?why dont you?will you please?shall,will,would及其他情态动词之后。3、不定式作状语动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）Lets stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to school.（结果）He runs fast enough to catch a horse.Im sorry to make you wait here so long.（原因）We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.4、不定式作主语To see is to believe.To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.To learn English well is important口语中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动词不定式) 后置。如上面第三个句子可以改写成：Its important to learn English well.记住常用句型（1）It take sb. some time to do sth.e.g. It took me two hours to write the letter. （2）It is + adj. + ( for/of sb. )+ to do sth.如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。e.g. Its not hard for one to do a bit of good. 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。e.g. Its kind of you to help me.Its not polite of him to speak to old people like that.（3）主语+find/think+it+形容词+to do sth We find it important to learn English.（4）too+形容词/副词+to do sth The man is too old to walk.动词help之后的不定式既可省to也可不省to。He often helps (to) clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.注意：感官动词、使役动词let,have,make等后面不定式省to，还有had better,why not等后面不定式省to 感官动词后既可跟省to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补，其区别是：跟现在分词强调动作的情景（正在进行），跟不定式强调动作的全过程（表示动作已完成）。e.g. I often heard her sing when I walked past her home. I heard her singing just now. When I looked out of the window, I saw the boys playing basketball. On my way home, I saw the accident happen. 5、不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语。I want to get something to read during the holiday.We have a lot work to do .She is the first person to think of the idea.Theres nothing for us to worry about6、疑问词 + 不定式 结构 “疑问词 + 不定式”构成不定式短语在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用来简化从句。宾语从句的简化1当主句的谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,agree等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon.Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2当know,learn,remember,forget等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say.3当tell,learn,show,teach等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为： Could ysou tell me how to get there? 4动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，但主语要发生变化。如：It seemed that the boys were going to play ganes. The boys seemed to play games. 7.疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to start has not been decidedI dont know what to doHe can tell you where to get the book.The question is who(m) to ask.不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。介 词to: to+名词/代词/动名词不定式to: to+动词原形判断下面句子中to是介词还是动词不定式On the way to school on the way to see a filmI want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32.Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?They began to read and write.He is used to getting up early.Help yourself to some fish .She asked me to speak a little louder.She found him to be a very good pupil.If everyone makes a contribution to protectingthe environment, 用所给词的正确形式填空1. He come here _（visit）his teacher .2.Why not (use) the computer (help) you .3. Mary told me _（phone）her .4. Li Lei _（make）the baby _（stop）crying last night .5.youd better (not make) any noise.6. She said I didnt call her , but I remembered _（call）her .7.The film was worth (see). 选择1. The child should be told _ the traffic rules.A. to break B.break C.not to break D.not break2. “Dont always make Michael_ this or that.A. do B.to C.does C.did3. Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or iet anybody _ bad things.A. watch B.to watch C.watching D.watches4. I hope_ a good job in a foreign company after I graduate _ school.A. find;from B.to find;from C.to find;at D.finding;at.5. Although he was a child, he tried to find ways _ people _ life more. A.to help;enjoy B.help;enjoy C.to help;enjoying D.help;enjoying A. to help;enjoy B.help;enjoy C.to help;enjoying D.help;enjoying6. Aunt Li often asks her son _ too much meat.Its bad for his health.A. dont eat B.not to eat C.not eat D.to not eat7.-Did you have anyone_ the trees? -Yes, I had the trees _ .A. to water;water B. to water;watered C.water;to be watered D.water;watered8.-Where are the twins? -I saw