2019_2020学年高中英语Unit4Sharing4SectionⅣGrammar教案新人教版选修7.docx

Section Grammar限制性定语从句1(教材P29)I know youre dying to hear all about my life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2(教材P29)The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3(教材P29)But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.4(教材P29)We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.1定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰的词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。3定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系代词1关系代词 who, whom 和whose关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语(2019全国卷)I am Li Hua, a Chinese high school student who studies in London this summer vacation. (作主语)我是李华，一名今年暑假在伦敦学习的中国高中生。Ive become good friends with Li Hua (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。 (作宾语，可以省略)(北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(作定语)我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。(1)who可取代 whom 在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果 whom 在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提前，则只能用 whom。The astronaut with whom all of us are familiar will visit our school. 我们大家都熟悉的宇航员将来参观我们的学校。(2)whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose 常表达“某人的，某物的”之意。whose 表示物时，whose名词the名词of which。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. The school shop, the customers of which are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2关系代词which 和 that关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语Ive got a novel (which/that) you may like to read.我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略)Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept.那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(作主语，不可省略)The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。(指人，作主语)3使用关系代词时应注意的问题(1)关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。You should hand in all that belongs to you.你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is give you some advice.我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是被用来对抗污染的最好的方法。当先行词被序数词修饰时。It is the first American movie that Ive ever seen.它是我看过的第一部美国电影。当先行词既包括人又包括物时。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (2)“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定：有时从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which，whose，whom，不可用that。其确定依据如下：根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系确定。The person to whom I said hello just now is our manager.刚才我打招呼的那个人就是我们的经理。根据前面的名词与介词的搭配关系确定。There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(in与way是习惯搭配)没有能把它带回地球的方法。有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了一个孔，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的一切。4关系代词as的用法as引导限制性定语从句的主要结构有：the same.as.；as.as.；such.as.；so.as.。主句中出现the same或as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。the same名词as.指的是同一类的；而the same名词that.指的是同一个。比较：This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)。This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那支笔(指的是同一个)。关系副词1关系副词的基本用法关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词(reason)原因状语We dont know the exact time when (at which) the English Evening will be held.我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)(2019全国卷)Here are three main reasons why I am the best choice for you. (原因状语)以下是为什么我是你最好的选择的三个主要原因。2关系副词when, where及why可转换为“介词which”when，where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为“forwhich”。I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期盼着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。We know the place where/in which our teacher lives.我们知道老师住的地方。(1)the way后接定语从句时的三种模式：the waythat从句the wayin which从句the way从句The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看问题的方法不对。(2)表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, life, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan.他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。 单句语法填空1When Lucy came back from abroad, she told us about the cities and the people that she had visited.2We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.3Please show me the book whose cover is red. I need to check some information.4He is such a lazy worker as no one wants to work with.5The patient needs to continue with the medical treatment until he reaches the point where he can walk by himself.6Surfing is a popular sport among young people where they can seek excitement and adventure.7To be honest, I dont like the way that he often speaks to me.8That is the reason why the teacher criticized him yesterday.9The song reminded me of the time when I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.10I shall never forget the day when we discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island. 单句改错1Ms. Chen is the only one of my friends who have ever been to London for further study.havehas2The church which you paid a visit to it last week dates back to the 1890s.去掉it3Mr. Lee is a kind and warmhearted man to that we always turn for advice.thatwhom4The first place where Gary and his parents visited in Beijing was the Birds Nest.去掉where或wherethat5The famous English novel with that I am very familiar is being translated into French.thatwhich6Rose will never forget the wonderful days when she spent with David in Italy.去掉when或whenthat/which7Martin put himself in an awkward situation that he had to make a decision right away.thatwhere8The kids are fond of painting, so they go to the museum which the painting exhibition is being held.whichwhere或在which前加in 语法与写作1我们将拜访我们上周提到的那个老人院。We will pay a visit to the Old Peoples Home which_we_mentioned_last_week2你开车的速度一定不能太快。The speed at_which_you_drive your car mustnt be too high.3他给我讲过一个我永远也忘不了的故事。He told me a story which/that_I_would_never_forget4有没有我可以买到一些笔记本和铅笔的商店？Is there a shop where_I_can_buy some notebooks and pencils?5他是值得被每一个人尊重的人。He is a man who_deserves_to_be_respected by everyone.6这是上个月在我们旅行期间为我们提供良好服务的旅行社。This is the travel agency which_offered_us good service during our travel last month. 单句语法填空1This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.2A man attacked Lisa in the street last night. Unfortunately, there was no one to whom she could turn for help.3The story is about a girl whose brother is a soldier.4Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.5Tony and his father are repairing the roof that/which was damaged by the strong wind.6Peter talked happily with his classmates about the writer and his books that interested him.7The reason that/which James gave for his being late was that he missed the early bus this morning.8(2017天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.9(2017北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.10I have some doubt about the reason why Hans was absent from the meeting this morning.11To tell you the truth, I want to go to that company where the working conditions are good.12We couldnt understand the reasons that/which he explained to us for his mistake. 阅读理解Johns Hopkins University just announced that the school will name a new research building after Henrietta Lacks, whose cancer cells changed medical research.“Through her life and her cancer cells, Henrietta Lacks had an immeasurable effect on science and medicine that has touched countless lives around the world，” Johns Hopkins President Ronald Daniels said during the universitys 9th Henrietta Lacks Memorial Lecture in 2018.The building will be located just north of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and will support programs that improve participation and partnership with members of the community in research that can benefit the community.Lacks was a black woman who was born on a farm in Roanoke, Virginia, in 1920. In 1951, at 31 years old, the mother of five visited Baltimores Johns Hopkins Hospital complaining of stomach pain that later turned out to be cervical(子宫颈的) cancer. Her cancer cells were later used without her permission to create the first immortal(永生的) cell line, known as the HeLa cell line.The HeLa cells were used to develop the first polio vaccine(小儿麻痹症疫苗) in 1952, and helped the study of human papillomavirus(HPV), which causes the cervical cancer that eventually killed Lacks.Lacks and her story were relatively unknown until 2010 when reporter Rebecca Skloot published The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. In 2017, The New York Times bestselling book was made into a film titled The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks starring Oprah Winfrey and Rose Byrne.Lacks granddaughter, Jeri Lacks, and other family members attended the universitys announcement. “It is a proud day for the Lacks family. We have been working with Hopkins for many years now on events and projects that honor our grandmother，” Jeri Lacks said. “They are all meaningful, but this is the greatest honor.”【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。Johns Hopkins University计划用Henrietta Lacks的名字来命名他们即将建造的一座大楼，以纪念她对现代医学发展带来的深远影响。1Why will Johns Hopkins University name a building after Henrietta Lacks?AShe did very important research.BShe saved countless lives in person.CShe once helped the university a lot.DShe had a great influence on modern medicine.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Johns Hopkins University just announced that.whose cancer cells changed medical research.以及第二段中的Through her life and her cancer cells.medicine that has touched countless lives around the world可知，Johns Hopkins University计划用Henrietta Lacks的名字来命名他们将要建造的一座大楼，以纪念她对现代医学发展所带来的影响。2What did researchers decide to do with Henrietta Lacks cancer cells?AHelp her get better.BEarn money for her.CPut them to good use.DCompletely destroy them.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Her cancer cells were later used without her permission to create the first immortal(永生的) cell line, known as the HeLa cell line.及第五段的内容可知，研究者决定将这些细胞用于更多的医学研究，以发挥更好的作用。3What greatly helped the spread of Lacks story at first?AA film starring Oprah Winfrey.BThe invention of the HeLa cells.CSales of a book based on her story.DThe announcement by the university.C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Lacks and her story were relatively unknown until 2010 when reporter Rebecca Skloot published The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks.可知，Rebecca Skloot出版的有关Henrietta Lacks的书让她的故事被大众所熟知。4What was the reaction of Lacks family members toward the announcement?AThey expected it.BThey seemed uninterested.CThey were a bit embarrassed.DThey were quite excited about it.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is a proud day for the Lacks family.以及They are all meaningful, but this is the greatest honor.可推断，Lacks的家人对学校将一所新建筑命名为Henrietta Lacks的消息感到很兴奋。 完形填空Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I had a _1_ job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and _2_， and there was nothing much wrong in my life. _3_， I was bored.I wanted more. I wanted to live _4_ and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the _5_ ones of everyday life. But I was _6_. I had never had any _7_ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of _8_， and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite _9_ that childhood shyness.And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I also took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really _10_So I _11_ that the small steps werent enough. I signed up for an internship(实习期) of teaching English in Vietnam, an _12_ huge step, one that _13_ me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved ones. I was alone in a country where the food was _14_ and the streets were unfamiliar. I had no idea whether I would be able to _15_ everything that this very strange environment would _16_ at me.I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching, exploring and laughing. Id learned to _17_ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home _18_， even to myself, let alone to others. The _19_ that had controlled my life and the selfdoubt were _20_That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过去异国他乡支教从而改变人生的励志故事。1A.stableBtemporaryCdifficult DdemandingA解析：根据上文中的“Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life.”可推知，之前作者的生活过得不错，有收入稳定的工作，故选A。stable“稳定的”；temporary“暂时的”；demanding“要求高的”。2A.tips BrewardsCtreats DfinesC解析：根据空前的“money in the bank for trips”可推知，作者生活舒适，有出去旅游和款待他人的资金。treat在此作名词，意为“款待”。tip“小费，窍门”；reward“奖赏，回报”；fine“罚款”。3A.Thus BInsteadCOtherwise DHoweverD解析：根据语境可知，空处的前后内容存在逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。thus“因此”；instead“相反”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而”。4A.easily BbrightlyCpeacefully DmodestlyB解析：根据空后的“loudly”可推知，作者对之前的美好生活并不满足，想生活得更加充满生气(brightly)。5A.bitter BclearCgrey DsweetC解析：根据上文中的“I was bored”可推知，作者厌倦了之前单调乏味的(grey)生活，希望生活更加丰富多彩一些，与上文中的“make sharp memories”相呼应。6A.proud BinnocentCoutgoing DafraidD解析：根据空前的“But”以及下文中的“childhood shyness”可推知，作者内心充满了恐惧。7A.pride BconfidenceCinterest DshameB解析：根据下文中的“even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of _”和“childhood shyness”可推知，作者一直以来都对自己缺乏信心(confidence)，与下文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”相呼应。8A.stress BexcitementCconfusion DsurpriseA解析：根据空后的“even though I did get better as I got older”可推知，在孩童时期，去商店买东西都会给作者带来很多心理负担(stress)。9A.added to Btalked aboutCgot over Dsuffered fromC解析：根据空前的“never”可推知，作者一直都没有克服(got over)自己孩童时期的害羞。10A.continued BsurvivedCfailed DhelpedD解析：根据句中的“But”可推知，作者尽管尝试了很多方法，例如阅读有关(提升)自信的书籍，并采取了一些小的措施，但是都无济于事(helped)。11A.figured BpromisedCpredicted DdisagreedA解析：根据空前的“So”可推知，作者认为(figured)小的措施是不够的。12A.equally BimpossiblyCunnecessarily DoccasionallyB解析：去越南支教对于一向缺乏自信的作者来讲的确是跨出了不可思议的一大步，故选B。13A.ignored BimpressedCannoyed DterrifiedD解析：此处与上文作者孩童时期的害羞以及尝试多种方法增强自信相呼应，故这样的决定让作者害怕(terrified)，同时又使作者激动万分。14A.nice BcolorfulCstrange DinadequateC解析：由下文中的“the streets were unfamiliar”和“this very strange environment”可推知，作者身处异国他乡，对那里的食物感到陌生(strange)。15A.doubt BhandleCquit DobtainB解析：根据语境可知，作者不知道自己是否能够应付(handle)这个完全陌生的环境抛(throw)给自己的一切。16A.point BthrowCshout DaimB解析：参见上题解析。throw at“朝扔”。17A.trust BenjoyCexcuse DforgiveA解析：与上文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”形成对比可推知，作者在越南支教期间学会了相信自己。18A.unconcerned BunsatisfiedCunchangeable DunrecognizableD解析：根据语境可推知，作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，几乎让人认不出了。unconcerned“不关心的”；unsatisfied“不满意的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unrecognizable“认不出来的”。19A.fear BrespectCcourage DangerA解析：由空后的“controlled my life”和“the selfdoubt”可推知，作者之前的生活被害怕(fear)控制，与上文中的“that childhood shyness”呼应。20A.picked up Bforgotten aboutCworn off Dput offC解析：作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，自信满满，自我怀疑逐渐消失(worn off)。 语法填空Chinese researchers have found that university students with better academic performance are more likely to eat breakfast in the cafeteria, 1._(especial) on cold days, according to their findings 2._(publish) in a British journal. There is a strong 3._(connect) between college students academic performance and the regularity of their