XX文学教案2范文

XX文学教案2范文 Section2Summit ofRomanticismAmerican TranscendentalismI.Background:four sources1.Unitarianism (1)Fatherhood ofGod (2)Brotherhood of men (3)Leadership ofJesus (4)Salvation bycharacter(perfection ofones character) (5)Continued progressof mankind (6)Divinity of mankind (7)Depravity of mankind2.Romantic IdealismCenter of the worldis spirit,absolute spirit(Kant)3.Oriental mysticismCenter of the worldis“oversoul”4.Puritanism Eloquentexpression intranscendentalism II.Appearance1836,“Nature”by EmersonIII.Features1.spirit/oversoul2.importance ofindividualism3.naturesymbol ofspirit/God garmentof theoversoul4.focus inintuition(irrationalism andsubconsciousness)IV.Influence1.It servedas ahical guideto lifefor ayoung nationand broughtabout theidea thathuman canbe perfectedby nature.It stressedreligious tolerance,called tothrow offshackles ofcustoms andtraditions andgo forwardto thedevelopment ofa newand distinctlyAmerican culture.2.It advocatedidealism thatwas greatneeded ina rapidlyexpanded economywhere opportunityoften becameopportunism,and thedesire to“get on”obscured themoral necessityfor risingto spiritualheight.3.It helpedto createthe firstAmerican renaissanceone of the mostprolific periodin Americanliterature.V.RalphWaldo Emerson1.life2.works (1)Nature (2)Two essays:The AmericanScholar,The Poet3.point of view (1)One majorelement ofhis philosophyis hisfirm belief in thetranscendence ofthe“oversoul”. (2)He regardsnature asthe purest,and themost sanctifyingmoral influenceon man,and advocateda directintuition ofa spiritualand immanentGod innature. (3)If mandepends uponhimself,cultivates himselfand bringsout thedivine inhimself,he canhope tobee betterand evenperfect.This iswhat Emersonmeans by“the infinitudeofman”. (4)Everyone shouldunderstand thathe makeshimself by making hisworld,and thathe makesthe worldbymakinghimself.4.aesthetic ideas (1)He isa pleteman,an eternalman. (2)True poetryand trueart shouldennoble. (3)The poetshould expresshis thoughtin symbols. (4)As totheme,Emerson calledupon Americanauthors tocelebrate Americawhich wasto hima lonepoem initself.5.his influenceVI.Henry DavidThoreau1.life2.works (1)A Weekon theConcord andMerrimack River (2)Walden (3)A Pleafor JohnBrown(an essay)3.point ofview (1)He didnot likethe waya materialisticAmerica wasdeveloping andwas vehementlyoutspoken onthe point. (2)He hatedthe humaninjustice asrepresented bythe slaverysystem. (3)Like Emerson,but morethan him,Thoreau sawnature asa genuinerestorative,healthy influenceon mans spiritualwell-being. (4)He hasfaith in the innervirtue andinward,spiritual graceofman. (5)He wasvery criticalof moderncivilization. (6)“Simplicitysimplify!” (7)He wassorely disgustedwith“the inundationsofthedirty institutionsofmens odd-fellow society”. (8)He hascalm trustinthefuture and his ardentbeliefina newgeneration ofmen.Section3Late RomanticismI.Nathaniel Hawthorne1.life2.works (1)Two collectionsof shortstories:Twice-told Tales,Mosses fromand OldManse (2)The ScarletLetter (3)The House oftheSeven Gables (4)The MarbleFaun3.point ofview (1)Evil isat thecore ofhuman life,“that blacknessin Hawthorne” (2)Whenever there is sin,thereispunishment.Sin orevil canbe passedfrom generationto generation(causality). (3)He isoftheopinion thatevil educates. (4)He hasdisgust inscience.4.aesthetic ideas (1)He tooka greatinterest inhistory andantiquity.To himthese furnishthe soilon whichhis mindgrows tofruition. (2)He wasconvinced thatromance wasthe predestinedform ofAmerican narrative.To tellthe truthand satirizeand yetnot tooffend:That waswhat Hawthornehad inmind to achieve.5.styletypical romanticwriter (1)the useof symbols (2)revelation ofcharacterspsychology (3)the useof supernaturalmixed withthe actual (4)his storiesare parable(parable inform)to teacha lesson (5)useof ambiguity tokeep thereader inthe worldof uncertaintymultiple point ofviewII.Herman Melville1.life2.works (1)Typee (2)Omio (3)Mardi (4)Redburn (5)White Jacket (6)Moby Dick (7)Pierre (8)Billy Budd3.pointofview (1)He neverseems ableto sayan affirmativeyes tolife:His isthe attitudeof“Everlasting Nay”(negative attitudetowards life). (2)One ofthe majorthemes ofhis isalienation(far awayfrom eachother).Other themes:loneliness,suicidal individualism(individualism causingdisaster anddeath),rejection andquest,confrontation ofinnocence andevil,doubts overthe forting19c ideaof progress4.style (1)Like Hawthorne,Melville managestoachievethe effectofambiguitythrough employingthe techniqueof multipleview ofhis narratives. (2)He tendsto writeperiodic chapters. (3)His richrhythmical pros