hymmnos语语法(英文版)

Features of the Hymmnos grammar Hymmnos described as the language of emotions has as its most prominent feature a sentence structure that focuses on expressing the speaker s feelings Because it is focused on the speaker s feelings statements nominally flow from a first person perspective As with so many other things perhaps it will be easiest to understand how Hymmnos differs from other languages by looking at an example Wasyearachshymmnosmea EmotionEmotion SoundSoundverbverbobjectobject objectobject great enjoyable happiness I am delighted becomesongme This sample sentence means I am delighted to express myself through song conveyed with an expression of genuine joy by the speaker Emotion Sounds 想音 The first three words in a phrase comprise an Emotion Sound the meaning of these three words are described in this section first degree second nature third desirability FirstFirst wordword The first word in an Emotion Sound describes the degree of the speaker s emotion Rrha trance like Wasvery much Weereasonable Foua little Madiscretionary Nnreluctant SecondSecond wordword The second word describes the emotion being conveyed iimpatient yeahappy waahappy paksexcited nervous numnil kifocused concentrating wolfervourous apeablessed bathed in happiness ausad granmewanting to protect brave touwaka hopeful queleager desperate yantfearful guwoangry resentful jyellonely zweiedetermined sincere ThirdThird wordword The third word describes how desirable the speaker finds the context of the emotion gaI want this to stop raI want this to continue erraI want this to continue forever waI can tolerate this gayaI never want this to happen again gagis I am indifferent Even when speaking the same core sentence the meaning conveyed by a speaker whose emotional state is cool and collected may be wildly different from the meaning conveyed by a speaker who indicates seething anger Some Hymmnos used to control Towers have different effects depending on the Emotion Words with which they are spoken For example a command used to open a door may receive a faster response if the emotional context with which it is delivered indicates desperation rather than calmness Prescriptive syntax In the example above although the word for me was used as a noun it was not an indicator of narrative perspective The nominal form of Hymmnos is first person which is logical because it is a language primarily centred around conveying the emotions of its speaker However structures do exist that allow statements to be expressed in terms of second and third person narrative perspectives and these will be discussed shortly General sentence structure Emotion Emotion Sound verb compound Sound verb compound VC Emotion Emotion Sound verb object compound Sound verb object compound VOC In our example sentence Was yea ra chs hymmnos mea the Emotion Sound is Was yea ra the verb is chs the first object is hymmnos and the variable component is another object mea Compounds may be any structure satisfying nil O VC VOC which means that sentences may be infinitely long provided they continue to make use of nested compounds External perspective sentence structure Emotion Emotion Sound verb rre subject verb compound Sound verb rre subject verb compound Emotion Emotion Sound verb rre subject verb object compound Sound verb rre subject verb object compound In this case the sentence structure is VSV C VSV OC The first verb V indicates the speaker s action and the second verb V indicates the subject s action rre the subject identifier Because Hymmnos does not nominally have an explicit subject it has need of a special subject identifier this identifier is rre When rre appears before an object that object becomes the subject of the sentence However regardless of any shifts in subject the sentence s Emotion Sound is relative only to the speaker Pronoun alternatives to rre Subject form pronouns may be used in place of a rre subject component Hymmnos s pronouns extend those found in English by accounting for gender and quantity PronounObject form Subject form youyoryorr you plural yorayorra hehesherr they masculine hersherra shehasharr they feminine harsharra This may be obvious but no sentence may contain more than one subject so rre or its equivalents may appear only once precluding changes of focus in compounds Historically non first person sentences were not part of standard Hymmnos it was not until the formation of Central Standard Note that rre formally became part of the language to further its communicability Persistent Emotion Sounds definition syntax This section describes a structure that allows an Emotion Sound to be applied to an arbitrarily large collection of sentences This is important because it prevents a speaker from having to continually express their emotions before every sentence in a series of related statements such as a stanza in a hymn MaMa numnum rara 0 x0 x vvi vvi Emotion sound Ma num ra BEGIN any number of sentences in Hymmnos Hymmnos Hymmnos sentence sentence any number of sentences in Hymmnos 1x1x AAsAAs ixi ixi END This means that between the statements 0 x vvi and 1x AAs ixi every sentence will bear the Emotion Sound Ma num ra 0 and 1 are of course binary flags as qualified numbers 0 x is pronounced as o ku and likewise 1x as i ku Variations on Emotion Sounds Emotionless sentences Emotion Sounds and optionally the initial verb may be omitted from sentences even when they are not part of a persistent Emotion Sound sequence leading to VC VOC When Hymmnos is spoken in this manner it will not be processed by Towers making it little more than a spoken though highly melodious language Emotionless sentences may adopt a subject other than the speaker if they are presented in SVC SVOC format In this case the rre is optional Overriding Emotion Sounds Although sentences expressed within the context of a persistent Emotion Sound sequence already bear Emotion Sounds by definition it is possible to explicitly change the Emotion Sound associated with a specific sentence by prefixing it with another explicitly specified Emotion Sounds always take priority Doing this saves the speaker the trouble of ending one persistent sequence for a single sentence only to have to begin another sequence immediately afterwards 2 Before learning the grammar of the New Testament of Pastalie 感音句 The grammar of Pastalie is based on the standard grammar of the First Era Because of this knowledge of that grammar is a prerequisite for understanding what will be discussed here Grammar principles Pastalie 感音句 is based on the idea of expressing as much meaning and emotion as possible with as few words as possible This variant of Hymmnos is so streamlined that in some cases a single word known as an Emotion Verb 感音 is enough to form an entire sentence 1 Usage with implicit objects When the subject of a sentence is implied by context it is possible to form useful Hymmnos using only one word Like usual we will explore this concept with an example hEmmErYE Emotion Verb invoke This complete sentence hEmmErYE means I would be delighted to sing for your happiness As a tease of what is to come Was yea ra chs hymmnos mea the example from the standard grammar section can be written in Pastalie as cEzE hymmnos both forms carry the same meaning I am delighted to express myself through song Emotion Verbs are written as a series of alternating lower case 小写 and upper case 大写 letters the exact details of this system will be described later For now the most important detail is how they identify their objects given the implicit referencing nature of this sentence structure The upper case components indicate one of three possible scopes The speaker herself An individual singled out by context All of the speaker s surroundings Intuitively if the objects relevant to the Hymmnos can be identified by one of these three scope limiters then there is no need to explicitly identify them 就是说 如果满足上面三种情况 其宾语可省略 the qualifiers upper case components packed into the Emotion Verb will convey all needed information Sentences in Pastalie are terminated with fundamentally this is the same as how sentences are normally terminated with a period in English but this also has the effect of executing the spoken statement As an alternative or may be used to indicate the end of a statement without invoking anything 2 Usage with explicit objects If it is not clear what the objects are from context they need to be qualified explicitly hEmmErYEhymmnos Emotion Verb object invoke This sentence is an extension of the one found in the previous example it means I would be delighted to sing a song for your happiness Notice how the intent has not changed the speaker still expresses eagerness over doing something to make a second party happy the only difference is that it is now clear exactly what the speaker intends to do The same structure may be used when identifying proper nouns the syntax in that case is like VO in English Emotion Verbs The meaning of Emotion Verbs is not fixed Depending on how they are constructed they can convey very different things from sentence to sentence This flexibility is the key to the expressive power of Pastalie Emotion Verbs are formed of two types of elements a template 感音成 语 and Emotion Vowels 想音词 Let s revisit our example word hEmmErYE Its template is h m m r and it has three emotion vowels E another E and YE Notice that the template is written in lower case letters while the Emotion Vowels are written in upper case hEmmErYE I would be delighted to sing for your happiness disassembly template h m m r h m m r Emotion Vowels 1 E E 2 none 3 E E 4 YEYE In the following sections the exact meaning of these components will be described Template words h h m m m m r r sing express through song The keys to template words are the dots periods that separate their component letters These dots called Bank Slots 字域 may hold Emotion Vowels and it is the combination of these two elements that give them their meaning h m m r has four Bank Slots one after each letter The significance of Emotion Vowels is reduced as they appear closer to the end of an Emotion Verb In other words the first Emotion Vowel in an Emotion Verb has the most influence over the meaning of the speaker s statement To provide more flexibility in expressing emotional significance Bank Slots may be left empty Emotion Vowels appearing after an empty Bank Slot hold the same significance that they would were that space filled If this confuses you don t worry An analysis of the example sentence s emotional meaning is provided at the end of this section Emotion Vowels As mentioned previously Emotion Vowels are the upper case letters found in Emotion Verbs They may be placed into any of a template word s Bank Slots or these Bank Slots may be left empty There are three categories of Emotion Vowels they may be used interchangeably to better reflect the emotions of the speaker and members of one group may be used together or reused to strengthen or elaborate the emotions behind a statement CategoryCategory 1 1 EmotionsEmotions directeddirected towardstowards thethe speakerspeaker herselfherself CategoryCategory 2 2 EmotionsEmotions directeddirected towardstowards anotheranother individualindividual CategoryCategory 3 3 EmotionsEmotions directeddirected towardstowards thethe speaker sspeaker s surroundingssurroundings or or thethe world world No one category is any less significant than the others significance is determined based on how Emotion Vowels are ordered within an Emotion Verb Emotions directed towards the speaker herself A strength determination I pain fear desire to escape U sadness concern sometimes positive E happiness pleasure O anger malice N aloofness relaxation neutrality Emotions directed towards another individual YA emotional sympathy YI suffering pain death YU sadness anxiety YE happiness fortune YO anger rage YN calmness comfort Emotions directed towards the speaker s surroundings LYA emotional sympathy LYI pain destruction ruin LYU sadness instability LYE happiness satisfaction LYO strife chaos war LYN calmness quietness In our example hEmmErYE the Bank Slot allocation 1 E E 2 none 3 E E 4 YEYE indicates that the speaker s happiness is by far the dominant sentiment although she could be happier because the second slot is unused The second party s happiness is significant but not as significant as the happiness the action will provide the speaker Nouns 感音指示宾语 Infel Phira 异感音 for which the New Testament of Pastalie was created supports the standard noun forms found in other dialects of Hymmnos However with Pastalie s emphasis on succinct sentences a noun syntax that couples ownership with emotional attachment has been developed Once again this language feature will be demonstrated with examples gasargasar stuffed stuffed animal animal 指示词 指示词 noun from the New Testament of Pastalie Form 1 EgasarThe speaker s stuffed animal it makes her happy Form 2 YUgasarSomeone else s stuffed animal it worries them Form 3 LYNgasarEveryone s stuffed animal it soothes them Form 4 Agasar cloche Cloche s stuffed animal it gives her strength As seen above an Emotion Vowel that prefixes a noun indicates to whom it belongs as well as the nature of their emotional connection to the entity being described This table formalizes the pattern using the Emotion Vowel family A as an example OwnerOwnerExpressionExpression formform meA object youYA object everyone the land the world LYA object a specific person A object person s name wYEsAwYEsA Agasar luca Agasar luca I will give you Luca s precious stuffed animal to make you happy This simple sentence offers an idea of how expressive Pastalie forms can be The structure of long sentences As sentences become longer the differences between the New Testament of Pastalie and standard Hymmnos become less pronounced Indeed the sentence structures start to appear very much the same Emotion Emotion Verb compound Verb compound VC Emotion Emotion Verb object compound Verb object compound VOC As you can see when long sentences are required the advantages of Pastalie are dramatically lessened Compounds of course may be built in the same manner as in other Hymmnos dialects x the subject identifier 感情提示作用 Just as in standard variants of Hymmnos the New Testament of Pastalie features a means of explicitly specifying the subject of a sentence However the emotional expressiveness permitted by this structure has been expanded x rre subject Emotion Verb compound x rre subject Emotion Verb object compound x as you may have noticed bears a Bank Slot It accepts an Emotion Vowel that may be used to describe the speaker s emotions regarding the subject of the sentence xExE rrerre clochecloche cEzEcEzE hymmnos hymmnos Cloche is delighted to express herself through song and this makes me happy Just as with standard Hymmnos the subject identifier rre and the subject it identifies may be omitted in favour of a pronoun there are no differences in how pronouns are defined in the New Testament of Pastaile An example follows xIxI harrharr cEzEcEzE hymmnos hymmnos She is delighted to express herself through song and this makes me jealous Lazy a contributor to the wiki on Conlang made note of the following information It is unconfirmed but because it seems reasonable and significant it has been included here x is used primarily with Category 1 Emotion Vowels and they carry slightly different meanings in this context A indifferent I jealous U concerned E happy O angry N opposed x has been used with Emotion Vowels from other categories but their implications are still unknown at this time Grammatical flexibility The New Testament of Pastalie introduces additional rules that broaden the range of feelings that may be communicated This section provides a brief overview of how they work Passive voice 被动音调 Appending a eh suffix to an Emotion Verb will cause the sentence to be interpreted in the passive voice hEmmErYEhEmmErYE I would be delighted to sing for your happiness active voice hEmmErYEehhEmmErYEeh Singing for your happiness would delight me passive voice Emphasis By placing rre before a pronoun that does not normally require a subject identifier its significance will be emphasized which narrows the scope of the statement xExE rrerre yorrayorra cEzEcEzE hymmnos hymmnos Cloche and company are delighted to express themselves through song and this makes me happy Negation 否定音调 Placing zz before an Emotion Verb or noun Emotion Sound optional will cause it to carry meaning opposite its normal interpretation zzzz hEmmErYE hEmmErYE I would notnot be delighted to sing for your happiness zzzz arhouarhou despair normally hope Using Emotion Verbs as objects If all Bank Slots in an Emotion Verb are left unused then the template word may be interpreted as an action like a gerund in English fEwrEnfEwrEn h m m r h m m r eje eje I am very happy to embrace the singing of my heart Quotation In the New Testament of Pastalie Hymmnos between and is considered quoted just like encapsulating text between in English Functions Under the New Testament of Pastalie it is possible to def