How to Make a Presentation.ppt

Presentations Criteria Content clearincontentcoherentinorganizationcreativeindesigningSpeech well prepared fluent clear talkinsteadofreadingaloudForm powerpointslideswithpictures audioorvideoInteraction HowtoMakeaPresentation Whatisapresentation Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormorepeoplethat presents ideasorinformationinaclear structuredway Introduction Allpresentationshaveacommonobjective Peoplegivepresentationsbecausetheywanttocommunicateinorderto informtrainpersuadesell Wewillnowbeginbyexploringtheimportanceofpreparationforallpresentation Preparation Canyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation Number1is Preparation Number2is Preparation Number3is Preparation Preparationiseverything Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence Youraudience too willbeconfident Theywillbeconfidentinyou Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation Withcontrol youwillbe incharge andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage Objective Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind Ifitisnotclearinyourmind itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience Audience WhoamImakingthispresentationto Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou Venue WhereamImakingthispresentation Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable Whataretheseatingarrangements Timeandlength WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe Method HowshouldImakethispresentation Whatapproachshouldyouuse Formalorinformal Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety Content WhatshouldIsay Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay First youshouldbrainstormyourideas Butyoumustbeselective Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective Youshouldexcludeallotherideas Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids ifyouhavedecidedtousethem Butremember ingeneral lessisbetterthanmore alittleisbetterthanalot Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation Structure Awellorganizedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow Itisthereforemoreeffective Youshouldorganizethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder Mostpresentationsareorganizedinthreeparts followedbyquestions Notes Whenyougiveyourpresentation youshouldbe orappeartobe asspontaneousaspossible Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation Readingatextisboring Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep Soifyoudon thaveatexttoread howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay Withnotes Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall A6cards Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully youmaynotevenneedthem Rehearsal Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation Youshouldleavetimetopracticeyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosayyouwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentationyouwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciationsyouwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications Soprepare prepare prepare Prepareeverything words visualaids timing equipment Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit Isittherightlength Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations Aretheyintherightorder Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis Howmanypeople Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions Doyouknowtheroom Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions youwillbeaconfident enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience Well we vetoldyouabouttheimportanceofpreparation Let sturnnowtothevarioustypesofequipmentusedwhenmakingpresentations Theoverheadprojector OHP displaysoverheadtransparencies OHTsorOHPTs Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector itcanbeusedindaylighttheusercanfacetheaudiencetheusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse Thewhiteboard morerarelyblackboardorgreenboard isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting asinbrainstorming forexample Forpreparedmaterial theOHPmightbemoresuitable Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard delible youcanremovetheink orflipchart indelible youcannotremovetheink Theyareusuallyavailableinblue red blackandgreen Again it sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell Thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen 30 可编辑 Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou handout ordistributetoyouraudience Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou Somuchforequipment NowwecanconsiderthevarioustechniquesfordeliveringapresentationinEnglish Delivery Delivery referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent especiallyinamulti culturalcontext Nerves Mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation Soitisnormalifyouarenervous Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation Firstimpressionscount Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapport 友善 withyouraudience Duringthistime trytospeakslowlyandcalmly Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart Afterafewmoments youwillrelaxandgainconfidence AudienceRapport Youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience Enthusiasmiscontagious Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn inasnaturalawayaspossible Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom disinterestorevendisagreement allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate BodyLanguage Whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth Generallyspeaking itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures Voicequality Itis ofcourse importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation Ingeneral youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice Yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience Youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways speed youcanspeakatnormalspeed youcanspeakfaster youcanspeakmoreslowly andyoucanstopcompletely Youcanpause Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudience sattention intonation youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice Youcanspeakinahightone Youcanspeakinalowtone volume youcanspeakatnormalvolume youcanspeakloudlyandyoucanspeakquietly Loweringyourvoiceandspeakingquietlycanagainattractyouraudience sinterest Theimportantpointisnottospeakinthesame flat monotonousvoicethroughoutyourpresentation thisisthevoicethathypnotists 催眠士 usetoputtheirpatients intotrance 迷睡 Visualaids Ofalltheinformationthatentersourbrains thevastmajorityofitentersthroughtheeyes 80 ofwhatyouraudiencelearnduringyourpresentationislearnedvisually whattheysee andonly20 islearnedaurally whattheyhear Thesignificanceofthisisobvious visualaidsareanextremelyeffectivemeansofcommunicationnon nativeEnglishspeakersneednotworrysomuchaboutspokenEnglish theycanrelymoreheavilyonvisualaids Itiswellworthspendingtimeinthecreationofgoodvisualaids Butitisequallyimportantnottooverloadyouraudience sbrains Keeptheinformationoneachvisualaidtoaminimum andgiveyouraudiencetimetolookatandabsorbthisinformation Remember youraudiencehaveneverseenthesevisualaidsbefore Theyneedtimetostudyandtounderstandthem Withoutunderstandingthereisnocommunication Apartfromphotographsanddrawings someofthemostusefulvisualaidsarechartsandgraphs likethe3 dimensionalonesshownhere Piechartsarecircularinshape likeapie Barchartscanbevertical ashere orhorizontal Graphscanriseandfall We velookedatdelivery Nowwe llmoveontothelanguageofpresentationsinEnglish Language Saywhatyouaregoingtosay SimplicityandClarity Ifyouwantyouraudiencetounderstandyourmessage yourlanguagemustbesimpleandclear Useshortwordsandshortsentences Donotusejargon 行话 unlessyouarecertainthatyouraudienceunderstandsit Ingeneral talkaboutconcretefactsratherthanabstractideas Signposting Duringyourintroduction youshouldtellyouraudiencewhatthestructureofyourpresentationwillbe Youm