一册1--72课的重点语法.doc

新概念一册1-72课语法总结一、 疑问句：疑问句表示用以提问的句子，疑问句句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句。1. 一般疑问句：1. 一般情况下，变一般疑问句时，把系动词（is, am, are）提前就可以了。例：This is an orange. Is this an orange? 2. 如果句中有情态动词，变一般疑问句时，把情态动词提前就可以了。 例：I can sing a song. Can you sing a song?3. 如果句中没有系动词和情态动词，变一般疑问句时，要借助于助动词Do DoesDid. 第三人称单数要借助于Does. 过去式要借助于Did. 例：I like swimming in a pool. Do you like swimming in a pool? She likes dancing. Does she like dancing? 注意：句中有Does出现，谓语动词要去掉s或es。 I went to school at 8 oclock. Did you go to school at 8 oclock? 注意：句中有Did出现，谓语动词要变回原形。2. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问句是表示对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。一般用降调。 特殊疑问句构成是由：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 特殊疑问词有：wh-: what, who, whose, whom, which, where, when, what time, why How-: how, how many, how much, how far, how long, how often,等。 Who针对主格提问。Whose针对代词（形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词）。Whom针对宾格提问（me, you, us, them, him, her, it） 注意：特殊疑问句出现在对划线部分提问，考试中句型转换中经常会有。 2. 选择疑问句：选择疑问句表示提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择。句中要or来组成。例：Shall we go by bus or by train?变换的方法和一般疑问句一样。二、 情态动词：情态动词表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要，可能，意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有三个：can(could), may(might) must(must) 情态动词没有人称，单复数的变化，情态动词后面跟动词原形1. 肯定句：主语+can/may/must+动词原形 例：He can swim.2. 否定句：主语+can/may/must +not+动词原形 例：I can not swim.(can not=cant)3. 疑问句：Can/May/Must+主语+动词原形 例：Can he swim? Yes, he can. / No, he cant.三、 可数名词的单、复数：1. 在一般情况下，名词变复数时，直接在单词结尾加“s”。例；apple-apples2. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词，变复数时，要把“y”变“i”加“es”。例：butterflybutterflies3. 以“e”结尾的单词，变复数时，直接在单词结尾加“s”。例：horsehorses4. 以“s”“x”，“ch”，“sh”结尾的单词，变复数时，要在单词结尾加“es”。例：classclassesboxboxes, watchwatches, dishdishes5. 以“th”结尾的单词，变复数时，直接在单词结尾加“s”。例：bathbaths6. 以“f”或“fe”结尾的单词，变复数时，要把“f”或“fe”变“v”加“es”。例：knifeknives, leafleaves7. 以辅音字母加“o”结尾的单词，变复数时，要在单词结尾加“es”。例：potatopotatoes 注意：除了hippohippos8. 以元音字母加“o”结尾的单词，变复数时，要在单词结尾加“s”。例：radioradios9. 以元音字母加“y”结尾的单词，变复数时，直接在单词结尾加“s”。例：boyboys10. 特殊的词：childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, fishfish, sheepsheep, peoplepeople, footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice, ox(公牛)oxen, deer(鹿)deer四、 人称代词和物主代词的形式： 主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词IMeMyMineYouYouYourYoursWeUsOurOursTheyThemTheirTheirsHeHimHisHisSheHerHerHersItItItsIts 注意：形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词。五、 双宾语结构：双宾语表示句子里有两个宾语：间接宾语和直接宾语。双宾语句子常常省略主语“you”。例：Give me some glasses, please.Me 就是间接宾语，而some glasses就是直接宾语。六、 时态：一般现在时：一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。一般现在时的构成：主语+谓语动词肯定句：I work in the library.She works in the library.We work in the library.否定句：I dont work in the library. She doesnt work in the library. We dont work in the library.疑问句：Do you work in the library? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does she work in the library? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.时间词有：always, often, usually, every day, sometimes 注意：如果主语是第三人称单数，后面的谓语动词要加“s”或“es”。七、 时态：现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在（即说话人说话的时刻）正在进行的动作。现在进行时的构成：主语+系动词（is, am, are）+动词的现在分词（V.+ing）肯定句：I am working in the garden. She /He/It/ is working in the garden. We /You/They are working in the garden.否定句：I am not working in the garden. She/He/It is not working in the garden. We /You/They are not working in the garden.疑问句：Are you working in the garden? Yes, I am. No, Im not. Is she working in the garden? Yes, she is. No, she isnt. Are they working in the garden? Yes, they are. No, they arent.时间词有：now, at this moment, these days, all the time等。八、 现在分词的形式和用法：现在分词用于现在进行时态。动词变现在分词有以下几点：1. 在一般情况下，动词变现在分词时，直接在单词结尾加“ing”。例：kickkicking2. 以“y”结尾的单词，动词变现在分词时，直接在单词结尾加“ing”。例：flyflying, playplaying3. 以辅音字母加“e”结尾的单词，“e”是不发音的，动词变现在分词时，要去掉“e”加“ing”。例：writewriting dancedancing4. 以元音字母加“e”结尾的单词，动词变现在分词时，直接在单词结尾加“ing”。例seeseeing 5. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单词，动词变现在分词时，要双写最后一个辅音字母加“ing”。例：sitsitting runrunning swimswimming注意：除了以or, er, ow, aw, au, ou, en结尾的单词6. 少数以“ie”结尾的单词，变现在分词时，要把“ie”变“y”再加“ing”。例：tietying,Diedying lielying九、 时态；一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。注意：过去式没有人称的变化。一般过去时的构成：主语+动词的过去式肯定句：I played in the yard. She played in the yard. We played in the yard. You played in the yard. They played in the yard. He played in the yard. It played in the yard.否定句：I did not play in the yard. She did not play in the yard. 注意：有“did”出现，谓语动词要用动词原形。疑问句：Did you play in the yard? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Did she play in the yard? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.时间词有：ago, yesterday, a minute ago, last week, in 1990, the day before yesterday, this morning(afternoon, evening)等。十、 动词的过去式和过去分词：动词的过去式和过去分词用于过去时态。动词变过去式和过去分词有以下几点：1. 在一般情况下，动词变过去式和过去分词时，直接在单词结尾加“ed”。例：workworkedworked2. 以字母“e”结尾的单词，动词变过去式和过去分词时，直接在单词结尾加“d”。例：likelikedliked, hopehopedhoped3. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词，动词变过去式和过去分词时，要把“y”变“i”加“ed”。例：carrycarriedcarried, studystudiedstudied4. 以or, er, au, aw, ou, ow, en 结尾的单词，动词变过去式和过去分词时，直接在单词结尾加“ed”例：happenhappenedhappened 5. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单词，动词变过去式和过去分词时，要双写最后一个辅音字母加“ed”。例：stopstoppedstopped clapclappedclapped6. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：（不规则动词的过去变化必须要背过）bewas, werebeen, amwasbeen, arewerebeen, beatbeatbeaten, becomebecamebecome, beginbeganbegun, blowblewblown, breakbrokebroken, bringbroughtbrought, buildbuiltbuilt, buyboughtbought, catchcaughtcaught, choosechosechosen, comecamecome, cutcutcut, digdugdug, dodiddone, drawdrewdrawn, drinkdrankdrunk, drivedrovedriven, eatateeaten, fallfellfallen, feedfedfed, feelfeltfelt, findfoundfound, flyflewflown, forgetforgotforgot/forgotten, forgiveforgaveforgiven, getgotgot/gotten, givegavegiven, gowentgone, growgrewgrown, have/hashadhad, hearheardheard, holdheldheld, hurthurthurt, keepkeptkept, knowknewknown, learnlearntlearnt, leaveleftleft, letletlet, lielaylain, loselostlost, makemademade, meanmeantmeant, meetmetmet, mistakemistookmistaken, paypaidpaid, putputput, readreadredreadred, rideroderidden, ringrangrung, riseroserisen, runranrun, saysaidsaid, seesawseen, seeksoughtsought, sellsoldsold, sendsentsent, setsetset, shineshoneshone, singsang/sungsung, sitsatsat, sleepsleptslept, smellsmeltsmelt, speaksp