现在完成时讲解例题练习

1 现在完成时现在完成时 先看几个例句 1 I have cleaned my room 我已打扫了房间 2 He hasn t finished his homework 他还没完成作业 3 Have you read this novel 你看过这本小说吗 Yes I have 是的 看过了 No I haven t 不 没看过 4 We have studied English for two years 我们已经学了两年英语了 5 They haven t seen each other since 1998 自从 1998 年他们就没再见过面 一 构成 肯定式 主语肯定式 主语 助动词助动词 have has 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 疑问式 助动词疑问式 助动词 Have Has 主语主语 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 否定式否定式 主语主语 助动词助动词 have has not 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 例 I have worked here for 3 years 否定句 疑问句 回答 就划线部分提问 过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种 过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种 规则变化规则变化 a 一般情况下 在动词后直接加 ed 如 play played work worked water watered finish finished 等 b 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 把 y 变成 i 再加 ed carry carried study studied 等 c 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母 再加 ed 如 stop stopped shop shopped 等 不规则变化 不规则变化 见一般过去时当中的不规则动词表不规则动词表 二 用法 1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have cleaned my room 我已打扫了房间 房间现在是干净的 不需要打扫了 They have left 他们已经离开了 也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch 我已经吃过午饭了 也就是说我现在不饿 2 表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态持续到现在的动作或状态 I have learnt English for more than ten years 我已经学了 10 多年的英语 2 She has swum since half an hour ago 我已经游泳了半个小时 3 表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历 I have never had a car 我从未有过汽车 I have been there twice 我去过那两次了 三 标志词 already never ever just yet before up to now so far for since 标志词的区别标志词的区别 1 for 一段时间一段时间 Eg I have been here for 5 weeks He has studied English for 3 years 2 since 表示过去某一时间的表示过去某一时间的 时间点时间点 单词单词 词组词组 从句从句 一般过去时一般过去时 Eg I have been here since 2000 I have been here since 5 years ago I have been here since I graduated in 2000 注注 2 对对 for 或或 since 引导的时间状语提问引导的时间状语提问 必须用必须用 how long 决不能用决不能用 when How long have you lived here Eg I have lived here for 10 years 注注 3 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用 当然也不能用于当然也不能用于 how long 引导的问引导的问 句中句中 Eg 误误 I have left there for 5 years 正正 I have been away there for 5 years 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空 1 We haven t seen each other a long time 2 His father has been in the Party 10 years ago 3 The film has been on 20 minutes 3 4 Mr Green has worked here he came to China 5 His grandparents have been dead several years 6 It s five years we met last time a already 往往用于肯定句 用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句 用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气 调或加强语气 yet 用于否定句和用于否定句和 疑问句 疑问句 He has already left here 他已经离开这里了 他已经离开这里了 Has he already left here 他 真的 已经离开这里了吗 表示加强语气 他 真的 已经离开这里了吗 表示加强语气 My teachers haven t had breakfast yet 我的老师们还没有吃早饭 我的老师们还没有吃早饭 Have you written to your parents yet 你已经给你父母写过信了吗 你已经给你父母写过信了吗 b never 是否定词 表示是否定词 表示 从来没有从来没有 而 而 ever 表示表示 曾经曾经 We have never been to the Great Wall 我们从来没有去过长城 我们从来没有去过长城 Have you ever been to Canada 你们曾经去过加拿大吗 你们曾经去过加拿大吗 c just 用于句中用于句中 表示表示 刚刚刚刚 Eg I ve just had breakfast What have they just done d before 在现在完成时中常用于句末在现在完成时中常用于句末 表示表示 以前以前 Eg I ve seen it before 四 短暂性动词在肯定句 疑问句中不能与时间段连用 这些动词是 四 短暂性动词在肯定句 疑问句中不能与时间段连用 这些动词是 become begin buy borrow come go arrive die finish join leave 为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思 我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延续性动词延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词 来代替短暂性动词 become be begin be on borrow keep buy have come go arrive get be here there in die be dead finish be over join be in be a member of leave be away from 五 与一般过去时的用法比较五 与一般过去时的用法比较 1 现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情 但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身 而是现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情 但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身 而是 强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系 如现在的结果 影响强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系 如现在的结果 影响 一直延续到现在等 一直延续到现在等 而一般而一般 过去时 则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系过去时 则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系 强调的是过去的情况 强调的是过去的情况 4 eg He has bought an English Chinese dictionary 他已经买了一本英汉字典 他已经买了一本英汉字典 He bought an English Chinese dictionary 他曾买过一本英汉字典 他曾买过一本英汉字典 第一句用现在完成时时态 想表达意为 第一句用现在完成时时态 想表达意为 He bought an English Chinese dictionary And he still has it 过去他买了一本英汉字典 现在他还有这本字典过去他买了一本英汉字典 现在他还有这本字典 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实 至于现在他是否有这本字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实 至于现在他是否有这本字 典并未强典并未强 调说明 调说明 2 常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语 常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语 yesterday 昨天昨天 the day before yesterday 前天前天 just now 刚才刚才 时间时间 ago last 时间时间 等等 eg The plane took off ten minutes ago We finished our task last week 六 完成时辨析六 完成时辨析 have has gone to have has been to 和和 have has been in 的区别的区别 have has gone to 表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来 have has been to 表示某人曾经去过某地表示某人曾经去过某地 但现在己经不在某地但现在己经不在某地 Have has been in 某人在某地某人在某地 1 Where is Mike Mike and his parents the north for half a year 2 Mum is not at home now she the shop 3 you ever to kunming Never 4 Where you these days 5 Has Jim arrived yet Yes he here for several days 6 Where is Peter I don t know where he 7 Hi Jim Where you Li Lei is looking for you 基础题基础题 1 How long have you here A comeB gotC arrivedD been 2 My grandpa died A at the age of my 2B for 2 yearsC when I was 2D my age was 6 3 Jane has to Beijing She will come back tomorrow A beenB goneC wentD never been 5 4 It is ten years I last saw her A afterB sinceC forD that 5 The Smiths in China for 8 years A has livedB livedC have beenD live 6 Hello this is Mr Green speaking Can I speak to Mr Black Sorry He the Bainiao Park A has been toB has gone toC went toD will go to 7 reading the book yet A Have you finishedB Were you finishing C Had you finishedD Are you finishing 8 Our team every match so far this year but we still have three games to play A was winningB has wonC had wonD wins 提高题提高题 1 Who will go to the station to meet Lorry I will I her several times A metB have metC had metD will meet 2 What a nice dress How long you it Just 2 weeks A will buyB did buyC are havingD have had 3 Do you know Lydia very well Yes She and I friends since we were very young A have madeB have becomeC have beenD have turned 4 you ever to the US Yes twice A Have goneB Have beenC Do goD were going 5 Since you don t want to go I alone A will goB goC wentD have gone 6 He in Shanghai in 196o A livesB livedC has livedD is living 7 Robert in England a few weeks ago A arrivesB has arrivedC could arriveD arrived 8 How long in Fujian A has he arrivedB did he arriveC has he beenD arrived 9 Jack a letter to his parents recently A writesB wroteC writeD has written 10 She has been here A after 1978B for 1978C in 1978D since 1978 中考题中考题 1 Are you going to the bank Laura No I to the bank already 2011 江苏徐州 A have been B have gone C am goingD had been 2 So far this year many new houses in Wenchuan with the help of the government 2011 四川资阳 A buildB are builtC will buildD have been built 6 3 My grandmother a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here 2011 天津 A seesB can seeC will seeD has seen 4 I many new friends since I came he