初中英语语法讲解与练习【介词】_免费下载.doc

介 词 1 表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。2 表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等3 表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等4 表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。常用介词辨析1 表示时间的in, on, at, after1) in 的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段时间后。In a week, in a years time, in two hours2) on 的用法用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Years ay用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day3) at 的用法用于具体的钟点。At 12 oclock, at half nine用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4) after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve oclock2. 表示的地点的 in, on , atin指大地方，at是小地点， in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。They will arrive in Shanghai.他们将到上海。They will arrive at the school.他们将到学校。They live on the ninth floor.他们住在九楼。I will meet you at the bus stop.我在车站接你。in可指内部， on可指“在之上”There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物体接触。2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。The ball is under the desk.桌子下有一只球。4. between, among Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。There will be a match between Tom and me. 汤姆和我之间将要有一场比赛。The teacher is standing among the students. 老师正站在学生们中间。但有时在数量不多的个体之间进行选择，可用Between.You can choose between the books on the table.你可以在桌子的书中进行选择。5. across, over, throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？You must go through the forest at once. 你必须马上穿过树林。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。6. with, in, byWith后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。Can you tell the story in French? 你能用法语讲故事吗？What do you mean by this? 你这是什么意思？7. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。At school 在上学 At the school 在学校In front of 在前边（外部） In the front of 在前部（内部）In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校练习：用适当的介词填空l He knows everything _ the school.l He usually goes out for a walk _ lunch.l I have lunch _ half past eleven.l Please look _ the blackboard.l He had a hard life _ liberation. But _ liberation they live a happy life.l Children like to hear stories _ UFO.l They work _8:00 _16:00.l When do they get up _ the morning?l Will we go _ bus or _ foot?l The story happened _ the liberation war.l We have learned a lot _ you.l The cup was broken _ her.l Where are you _? Im _Beijing.l We are working _ the people.l It is time _ breakfast.l Class begins _ nine.l We come _ different parts of America.l She lives _ her father.l She often gets up _ half past six _ the morning.l We stay here _ six months.l You are leaving _ Shanghai.l He was born _ 1986.l We usually have meetings _ Saturday afternoon.l Beijing is the capital _ china.l My Pen is _ the box. The box is _ the desk the desk is _ the classroom the classroom is _ the building.l _ summer it is hot _ Nanjing.l Have a cup _ coffee please.l Xiao Li was born _ March25,1991.介词的用法与练习I. 介词的种类 1.简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2. 复合介词，如 on to ,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。 3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。 (2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat (3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等. *介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别1. at,on,in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： atfiveoclock（五点），atdown（黎明），atdaybreak（天亮），atsunrise（日 出）atnoon（中午），atsunset（日落），atmidnight（半夜），atthebeginningofthemonth（月初），atthattime（那时），atthatmoment（那会儿），atthistimeofday（在一天的这个时候）。 B.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如： in2006（2006年），inMay，2004（2004年五月），inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世纪），inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），inaweek（一周），inspring（春季）。 C.on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚.onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一个温暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12月的一个夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午），onthefollowingnight（下一个晚上），onChristmasafternoon（圣诞节下午），onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日），onNew Years Day.(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词2. between,among(表位置) “在.之间”A. between仅用于二者之间 如ImsittingbetweenTomandAlice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如 Heisthebestamongthestudents. 3. beside,besides, except beside意为在旁边， Hesatbesideme.besides意为除之外, 包括在内 Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis? except意为除之外, 不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. inthetree,onthetree inthetree,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，onthetree,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. ontheway, bytheway,inthisway ontheway指在路上, on ones way to .bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways6. bybus,onthebus bybus是一般说法, 固定搭配, onthebus特指乘某一辆车7. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过”across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 从旁边经过.EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through. 1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory. 2. When we went _the cinema, we saw a traffic accident. 3. Look out _the window, please. 4. Dont walk_the ice. Its dangerous. 5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me. 6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel. 7. The river goes _the city. 8. The old man can swim _the stream. 9. I walked _him without saying hello. 10. The army moved _the forests quietly.8. on, above, over, “ 在上”, up, A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table B. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上, 与under相对a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below ,He lives above me 他住我家楼上(不一定就是头上一间) The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 9. for , since, A. since仅说明什么时候开始，, 后常跟一个具体的过去的时间.B. for 表示某动作或情况持续多久, 后常跟一段时间。 He has studied the piano for 5 years. They have lived here since 1978.10. after, behind, “在之后” A. after 主要用于表示时间 B. behind主要用于表示位置11. in, after “以后”A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.B. “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later. 12. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具， A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式. B. with 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、颜色)等 D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. Ex: Fill in the blanks with by, with or in,on 1. I sent the message to him _email. 2. The pupils write _pencils. 3. Do you know the meaning of word _Chinese? 4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder. 5. They solved the problem _ communicating. 6. The woman was crying _a low voice. 7. The old man often gets news _the radio. 8. We often cut things _a knife. 9. He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries. 10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Russian. 13. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on A. at(1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边”B. in(1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。C. on表示毗邻，接壤D. to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法.1. against, 靠着, 反对， 违背, 对抗. He was against the laws. 2. as, 作为. English is used as a mother language.3. at, 在旁边, The boy is sitting at the door.4. but, 除了. He has nothing but money.5. for., 为., 因为., 至于. He failed the exam for his carelessness.6. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.7. till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didnt go home till five yesterday. 8. with , 有，带着 。 Id like some coffee with sugar.9. by, 在.附近 They live by a river.10. 短语介词: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of 一. 选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. Mrs. Brown worded in the west of Australia _ last summer?A. / B. on C. in D. since4. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on5. _the past two months he has been busy with his school work.A. For B. On C. Since D. At6. _last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.A. For B. / C. By D. During7. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till8. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days.A. before B. after C. at D. in 9. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the end.A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in10. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. in D. for11. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for12. Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A. in B. for C. during D. on13. The singing group will have two performances _ October.A. after B. since C. / D. for14. The supermarket is open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /15. She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. /till B. ontill C. atat D. /at16. He was ill _ a week, and _ the week he ate almost nothing .A. for/at B. for/during C. during/during D. for/for17. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 18. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in19._ New Years eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight. A. At B. On C. For D. In20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /21. Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A. at B. to C. from D. after22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow.A./ B. on C. in D. at23. We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994.A. at B. on C. for D. by24. Life will be better _ the 21st century.A. at B. on C. for D. in25. Do you often work late _ night.A. at B. in C. for D. during 二. 选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).1. I had a new card, and I didnt write _.A. on it B. it C. in it D. above it2. There is a bridge _ the river.A. under B. over C. on D. next3. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. in 4. There is a book store_ the street corner.A. at B. in C. on D. by5. From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.A. under B. over C. below D. above6. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. in D. besides7. It was written _ page 20.A. at B. in C. on D. above8. My house is _ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. between B. among C. in D. at9. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at10. Dont talk so loud _ table.A. by B. on C. at D. beside11. Is there anything interesting _ todays newspaper?A. in B. on C. at D. /12. Cars and buses travel _ the road to the town.A. on B. along C. in D. by13. Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ?A. at B. along C. in D. for14. My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street.A. at B. on C. to D. with15. At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from16. Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /in17. _ the end of the street you can find the post office.A. By B. At C. On D. In 18. Do you often listen _the programs _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to19. Please wait _the office . Dont come in until you are called.A. in B. into C. inside D. outside20. Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A. for B. to C. from D. in21. The whale has a nose _ the top of its head.A. at B. above C. over D. on22. You must go _ the bridge and then you will see the bank _ the left.A. over/on B. to /by C. to/on D. over/at23. There is a hole _ the wall.A. in B. at C. for D. towards24. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards25. Bill kicked the ball too hard , and it went _ the street _ one of Mr. Smiths windows.A. across/on B. through./on C. across/through D. to / through三. 选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)1. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for2. He spent a long time _ the maths problem.A. in B. on C. for D. at 3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at4. How much did you pay _ this book?A. for B. at C. on D. with 5. Please translate the sentence _ English.A. into B. to C. at D. for6. The price of the computer has been reduced_ 5%.A. off B. to C. by D. about7. Please fill the bottle_ tea.A. by B. with C. for D. in8. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces.A. in B. by C. to D. into 9. Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him_ his hard work.A. with B. at C. on D. for10. You must apologize _ her for your rudeness.A. to B. at C. on D. with11.I got angry and I threw a stone _him. A. to B. towards C. at D. for12. You can borrow the book _ your school library.A. from B. to C. for D. at13. I prefer coffee_ tea.A. over B. to C. for D. than14. Would you show me _ your factory?A. to B. in C. at D. round15. Dont catch me _ the arm. I have nothing to do _the matter.A. by/with B. on/with C. by/on D. on/on16. Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice.A. with B. on C. in D. to17. Bill must deliver the newspapers_ peoples houses_ all kinds of weather.A. to/in B. at/in C. for/for D. to/for18. They havent decided_ the date for the next meeting.A. for B. by C. in D. on19. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 20. Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morning A. on B. down C. off D. to21. I shouted_ her, but shi didnt hear me.A. to B. at C. on D. for22. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B. to C. by D. among23. After school, I often learn singing and dancing _ hobbies.A. / B. on C. in D. for24. LI Ming fell ill this morning, so he asked _ leave.A. from B. for C. on D. in 25. I saw the man hit the boy _ the face.A. in B. on C. toward D. by四. 选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)1. Mr Li, shall I write _ ink? A. by B. o