人教版高一英语(下)知识归纳(U19).doc

桂林十八中高一下知识归纳（U19）、本单元重点单词produce n.产量；产物；农产品 protection n.保护；防卫dike n.堤坝；排水沟 sugarcane n.甘蔗arable adj.可耕的；适于耕种的 technique n.技术；技巧；方法fertilization n.施肥；授精 fertiliser n.肥料；化肥 fertilise vi.&vt. 施肥；使肥沃 irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗modernise vt.使现代化 pump n.泵；抽水机 vt.（用泵）抽（水）；抽吸seed n.种子；萌芽 seedbed n.苗床technical adj.技术的；技术上的 import n.进口；引入；进口货 vt.vi.进口；输人delegation n.代表团；授权；委托 production n.总产量；产品；生产depend on 依靠；信赖；取决于 method n.方法；办法；方法论shortage n.不足；缺少 greenhouse n.温室； 花房root n.根；根部 insect n.昆虫GM (=genetically modified)转基因 genetically adv.由基因决定的；与遗传有关的gene n.基因；（遗传）因子 modify vt.更改；修改；修饰tobacco n.烟叶；烟草制品；抽烟 watermelon n.西瓜soybean n.大豆 seedless adj.无子的golden adj.金色的；黄金的 tie n.领带；领巾；鞋带discovery n.发现；被发现的事物 garden vt.&vi.从事园艺；栽培花木gardening n.园艺；造园术；园林工作 gardener n.园丁wisdom n.智慧；学识；明智的行为 practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的guide n.向导；有指导意义的事物 vt.指导；管理；领带 firstly adv 第一；首先sow vt.vi.播种；散布；使密布 condition n.条件；状况soil n.土壤；土地；国土 weed n.野草；杂草 vt.除草；铲除remove vt.移动；搬开 plough vt.耕；犁耕 n.犁and so on 等等（表示列举未尽） sunflower n.向日葵proverb n.谚语；俗语；常言 sunset n.日落；衰落时期（尤指人的晚年）morrrow n.次日；翌日；早晨 cackle vi.（鸡等下蛋后）咯咯叫；咯咯地笑本单元重点短语make a decision做决定 over time 长期以来 bring in 引进 be harmful to对有伤害 be friendly to对友好 as well as 也;还depend on依靠 be short of缺少;不足 a variety of种种 instead of代替 go against 违背 year after year 一年又一年next to 隔壁;紧挨 pass on向下传 from generation to generation 一代又一代 at sunset 在太阳落山时.Grammar:语法it的另一用法：作为强调句型的引导词。 1. 用于强调句中除谓语以外的任何一成分，其句型为It + iswas+被强调部+that(强调部分指人也可用whowhom)十句子其他成分。如:It was Tom whothat met your brother in the park yesterday(强调主语Tom) It was your brother who / that Tom met in the park. (强调宾语your brother) It was in the park that Tom met your brother yesterday.(强调地点状语in the park)It was yesterday that Tom met your brother in the park. (强调时间状语yesterday).使用强调句型应注意下列几点：无论被强调部分是什么，总是用It iswasthat(强调指人的主语that可换成who) It was they who (that) built the house last year.是他们去年盖了这座房子。 强调主语时，谓语动词必须和原主语一致。如： It is I who am to blame.是我应受到责备。注意此句型与定语从句的区别。如： It was in this factory that my father used to work.我父亲过去是在这个厂工作的。(强调句型) It was this factory that my father used to work in. 这就是我父亲工作过的那家工厂。(定语从句) 另外，it还经常用于构成下列句型，在学习过程中应多加注意。如： Its. since . Its five years since we last met.从我们上次见面至今已有五年了。 Its. before . It wont be long before we meet again不久我们会再见面的。 2在学习过程中，我们经常遇到one，it, that作代词的用法要注意分析、比较它们的用法，辨别它们的不同处。 在英语中为了避免重复上文的某个名词，常用心one或that来代替。让所指的事物和前面提到的事物是同一件事物，所以让代表的名词属于特指的。 I bought a knife and lent it to him.我买了一把小刀，借给他了。I drank some ice tea but it made me more thirsty.我喝了点凉茶，却更渴了。 one所代表的名词和前面所提到的名词只是同一类，并非指同一个，而且指同类中的任何一个，不是只指其中某一个。所以one所指的名词属于不定的，单数用one，复数形式为ones，而且one所替代的名词必须是可数名词，不能替代不可数名词。 Mary needs a new dictionary. She is going to buy one.玛丽需要一本新字典，她打算买一本。This watch is too expensive, show me a cheaper one, please.这块表太贵了，请给我较便宜的一块。I dont want these green apples; I want the red ones. 我不想要这些绿苹果；我要红的。 that和one都是指同一类事物而不是指同一个事物，但that替代有定冠词的名词。为特定的，而且还可以替代不可数名词。The cost of oil is less than that of gas.石油的价格低于天然气的价格。The voice of a woman is sweeter than that of a man.女人的声音比男人的声音悦耳。、句子1. In the past there were no trees left in or around the village. 2. Although China is a big country, only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.3. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.4. Farmers in China have long used techniques such as ferilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.5. To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible.6. This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in every season.7. More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.8. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.9. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.10. Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.11. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.12. Using the latest technologies, Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouse. 13. Today many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses where they are protected for the wind, rain and insects.14. In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.15. a technique known as GM,G” stands for genetically.16. In other words, te way_ tomatoes grow from a natural seed changed.17. A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless.18. Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientiss is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.19. One of Chinas early agricultural scientists was Jia sixie, who lived in the sixth century. 20. He spent his time doing research into agriculture.21. He collected information,studied it,did experiments and learnt from the experienced farmers.22. It includes advice on the following subjects, growing green vegetables, keeping cows.23. Jia sixies book is a pratical guide for farming.24. If you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year, you will have to do more work and the results will no be so good. 25. When you plough the soil, plough deep the first and less deep the second time. 26. The best harvest is reached when farmers changed the crops in their fields. 27. He said that it is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field. 28. Man cant go against nature. 人不能违背自然规律。29. Bring the washing in, it looks like rain. 把洗好的衣服收起来，好像要下雨了。30. Smoking does great harm to your health. 吸烟有害你的身体健康。31. Too much rain is harmful to the crops. 降雨过多对农作物有害。32. 1atest adj最近的；最新的(= recent) 33. the latest news最新消息 latest1atelater1ately (1)late adj. & adv晚、迟 (2)late adv“以后；后来”，单独用或放于一段时间之后。 (3)lately adv近来；不久前(1)Because of the cold weather the crops are late this year. 因天气寒冷，今年的作物成熟很晚。(2)It happened late last century in 1895, to be exact.事情发生在上个世纪末一准确地说，在1895年。(3)At first things went on well, but later we ran into trouble. 起初事情进展得很顺利，但后来我们遇到了麻烦。(4)Weve been doing a lot of gardening lately. 近来我们做了许多园艺工作。34. notbut不是而是 notbut个连词词组，作 ”不是而是”解，连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折。 (1) He is not English, but American. 他不是英国人，而是美国人。(连接两个(2) They need not money but farm labourers.他们不需要钱，而需要劳动力。(连接两个宾语)(3)Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.不是学生而在老师希望去那儿。(连接两个主语) ”notbut”连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持致。 Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there.不是老师而是学生希望去那儿。34no matter + 疑问连词 + 让步从句 + 主句” 的用法 no matter+ 疑问连词”用来引导让步状语从句；当主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。(1)No matter what the matter may be, do your best. 无论是什么事，尽你的能力去做吧。(2)No matter how difficult the task may be, We must finish it on time. 无论任务有多艰巨，我们必须按时完成。(3)No matter who comes, Ill not stay at home.不管谁来我都不呆在家里。35. lead to prep. 引起；造成；导致(后接名词、代词或 -ing形式) T