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SJ60-25挤出机设计(含CAD图纸),SJ60,25,挤出机,设计,CAD,图纸
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沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 摘要摘要中国制造的挤出机产量超过25,000台套,是中国塑机出口的主要产品之一。中国从挤出机主机制造到全套生产线供应均有高性价比的全套解决方案。 从主机及其塑料制品区分,中国可以制造的挤出机包括单螺杆挤出机,适合于加工各种材料及各种结构的板、片、膜、丝、棒等产品;平行异向旋转双螺杆挤出机和锥形异向旋转双螺杆挤出机,适于加工温度敏感性材料,如PVC板、管、异型材等;平行同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,适于原料共混、填充、脱挥、改性、造料,增加一定装置如熔体泵,可用于直接成型;适于高填充料生产的磨盘挤出机、往复螺杆挤出机等。 近年来,随着辅助设备与模具技术的不断成熟与发展,挤出生产线渐渐成为中国挤出机巿场的主力。PVC异型材及其后续加工设备、薄膜与管材生产技术与设备、各种线缆包覆技术在中国均有成熟的技术可以提供。本论文为60塑料螺杆挤出机设计说明书,全面阐述了本次设计对挤出机各个部分的计算,选取过程。其中包含挤出机的主要性能参数;传动部分的计算;齿轮的设计;轴与轴承的设计,选取和校核;螺杆,衬套以及机筒的设计。说明书中着重阐述了齿轮的设计计算以及轴与轴承的设计计算。本次设计的主要目的在于检验大学这四年来我学到的关于机械设计方面的知识,并作为本人申请学士学位的重要依据。本次设计采用在书籍上以及网上查阅国内外有关于橡胶挤出机的资料文献等的方法,并且注入自己的设计思路并通过老师的指导完成。主要参考了机械设计手册,橡胶工业手册等中文书籍。关键词:挤出机;螺杆;齿轮;轴。AbstractExtruders made in China more than 25,000 sets of production is a major export of China presses one of the products. China, the host from the extruder manufacturing to supply complete production lines are cost-effective complete solution.Distinguished from the host and plastic products, China can manufacture extruders including single screw extruder, suitable for processing various materials and various structural plates, sheets, film, wire, rod, etc.; parallel counter-rotating and conical twin screw extruder rotating twin screw extruder, suitable for processing temperature-sensitive materials such as PVC sheet, pipe, profile, etc.; parallel rotating twin screw extruder, suitable for raw material blending, filling, dewatering, modification, manufacturing materials, melt the additional devices such as pumps, can be used for direct molding; suitable for production of high-filler disc extruder, reciprocating screw machine.In recent years, with the auxiliary equipment and molds and development of technology continues to mature, extrusion lines extruders gradually become the main market. PVC profile and subsequent processing equipment, film and pipe production technology and equipment, various cable coating technology in China are a mature technology available.The thesis of 60 plastic screw extruder design specifications, a comprehensive exposition of the design of the extruder of the various parts of the calculation, select process. Extruder includes the main performance parameters; transmission part of the calculation; gear design; shaft and bearing design, select and check; screw, bushing and barrel design. Manual focuses on the gear shaft and bearing design calculations and design calculations.The main purpose of the design of the University of inspection in four years I have learned that on the mechanical design knowledge and apply my degree as an important basis.The design used in books and on-line access at home and abroad on the rubber extruder, such as information on the methods of literature and ideas into the design of their own and through the completion of the teachers guidance. The main reference to mechanical design manual, Rubber Industry Handbook and other books in Chinese.Keywords:Extruder;Screw;Gear;Axis.目录引言 1第一章.技术要求及工艺流程 21.1主要参数 21.2工艺设计 21.3总体结构图的布置及螺杆的连接方式 21.3.1减速器输出轴与螺杆的连接方式 21.3.2电机与减速器的联接方式 21.3.3轴向力的传递 21.3.4减速器主轴的布置形式 21.3.5电机的选择 3第二章.60塑料挤出机计算及说明 42.1挤出机螺杆的设计 42.1.1螺杆的区域划分及材料 42.1.2主要的工艺参数 42.2.机筒的设计 52.2.1机筒材料及结构 52.2.2加料段套筒的设计 52.3.螺杆消耗功率计算与电机选择 6第三章.60塑料挤出机传动系统的设计 73.1减速器的设计和计算 73.1.1确定基本的参数和各级齿轮的扭矩、功率、转数 73.1.2各级转速 73.1.3功率 73.1.4各轴扭矩 73.2传动装置齿轮的设计计算与校核 83.2.1齿轮组 83.2.2齿轮组 123.3减速器传动轴的设计 15 3.3.1高速轴 153.3.2中间轴 173.3.3低速轴 213.4轴承的选取及校核 22 3.4.1高速轴选7315E轴承的校核 223.4.2中间轴所选7314E轴承的校核 233.4.3低速轴所选7319E轴承的校核 23第四章.花键的选择及校核 254.1花键挤压强度的校核 254.2低速轴花键段强度的校核 254.3螺杆花键段的强度校核 25第五章.螺杆强度的校核 265.1校核 26第六章机筒的设计及校核 286.1机筒的壁厚 28第七章.推力轴承的选择及校核 287.1选90394188E 28第八章各轴上联结齿轮键的校核 288.1低速级齿键的校核 288.1.1按挤压强度校核 298.1.2按钮转剪切强度校核 298.2中间齿键的校核 298.2.1按挤压强度校核 298.2.2按扭转剪切强度校核 298.3中间第二齿键的校核 298.3.1按挤压强度校核 298.3.2按扭转剪切强度校核 29致谢 31附实习报告引言半世纪以来,我国塑料工业经历了从无到有,从小到大的发展过程,尤其是改革开放20年来得到了高速发展,从产量上跻身于世界前列。作为塑机的第二大类产品,挤出成型机的产量和销售额约占塑料机械的20%-25%。在这里主要介绍塑料挤出机的主要品种单螺杆挤出机。它通常由主机、辅机及其控制系统组成。一 主机组成:1.挤压系统:主要由料筒和螺杆组成。塑料通过挤压系统而塑化成均匀的熔体,并在这一过程中所建立的压力下,被螺杆连续地定压定量定温地挤出机头。2.传动系统:它的作用是给螺杆提供所需的扭矩和转速。3.加热冷却系统:其功用是通过对料筒(或螺杆)进行加热和冷却,保证成型过程在工艺要求的温度范围内完成。 二辅机 挤出设备的辅机的组成根据制品的种类而定。一般说来,辅机由机头、定型装置、冷却装置、牵引装置、切割装置以及制品的卷取或堆放装置等部分组成。三 控制系统它由各种电器、仪表和执行机构组成。根据自动化水平的高低,可控制挤出机的主机、辅机的拖动电机、驱动油泵、油(汽)缸和其它各种执行机构按所需的功率、速度和轨迹运行,以及检测、控制主辅机的温度、压力、流量,最终实现对整个挤出机组的自动控制和对产品质量的控制。一般称由以上各部分组成的挤出装置为挤出机组。单螺杆挤出机是一种低耗能、低成本的机型,他基本上能达到双螺杆挤出机的效能,由于技术含量高,取代了双螺杆挤出机。1沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第一章.技术要求及工艺流程第一章.技术要求及工艺流程1.1主要参数 螺杆螺纹形式: 矩形 螺杆直径: D=60mm 长径比: L/D=25 螺杆转速: n=49r/min机器中心高: 1000mm主电机:额定功率: 30kw额定电压: 440v额定转速: 1000r/min1.2工艺设计 备料染色挤出塑化成型压光冷却输送切边牵引切断检验侧重入库1.3总体结构图的布置及螺杆的连接方式1.3.1减速器输出轴与螺杆的连接方式 采用花键联接。整体联接方式结构紧凑,密封可靠,且传动可靠。1.3.2电机与减速器的联接方式 电机通过皮带轮与减速器连接。1.3.3轴向力的传递 物料对螺杆的轴向力螺杆主轴止推轴承法兰联接螺栓加料段机筒联接螺栓机头物料1.3.4减速器主轴的布置形式: 由于主轴受轴向力和径向力的作用,一般在主轴上布置两个径向轴承和一个止推轴承。 布置形式:止推轴承位于两个径向轴承的前面,这样物料给螺杆的轴向力一方面通过键套传给止推轴承。止推轴承再将力传到轴承座。另一方面物料又作用在机头上一个推力。这个推力向左拉机筒,并通过料斗座而作用在止推轴承座上,使减速箱不受该轴向力的影响。由于止推轴承装于箱体外,安装维修比较方便。1.3.5电机的选择: 挤出机的调速方法有有极调速和无极调速两种。从提高挤出机的适应性来看,使用无级调速最为理想,采用无级调速还易于实现自动控制。 目前,可采用的无级调速方法有:(1)用三项异步整流子电机实现无级调速 这种电机通常的调速范围为1:3和1:6这种电机与直流电机比较有成本低占地面积小等优点。但与一般异步电机比较又现成本高,故障也较多。(2)用直流电动机实现无级调速 这种电动机最大调速范围可为1:16,由于可控硅整流技术的发展和应用,用它来控制直流电动机可以代替昂贵而庞大的“电动机一直流发电机组”。为了使其在低速时散热良好,可以另加吹风设备进行强制冷却。(3)采用机械无级变速器与异步电动机配用进行无级调速 它的传动优点是:能很大的扭矩和功率。但摩擦片发热比较严重,机械效率低。(4)用液压马达与异步电动机配合进行传动和无级调速 在一般情况下,液压马达如能合理的使用和正确的维修和养护,工作是可靠的,但由于它在制造上精度要求高,这些因素在一定程度上限制了液压马达在挤出机上的应用。(5)采用滑差电动机进行无级调速 此种调速范围为1:3-1:10速度调节均匀平滑,起动转巨大,结构简单可靠,且控制装置消耗功率小。但因其在低速时效率较低且惯性较大,目前在挤出机上还用的不多。 通过综合考虑,本设计选用Z-200-31直流电动机进行传动和无级调速。27沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第二章.60塑料挤出机计算及说明第二章.60塑料挤出机计算及说明2.1挤出机螺杆的设计2.1.1螺杆的区域划分及材料 螺杆分三部分:一段加料段,中间段塑化段和前段挤出段。 材料的选择:1.螺杆和机筒在挤出机挤出时受到高温高压的作用,同时受到机械刮磨。有的塑料还有化学腐蚀作用,且螺杆受到的扭矩也很大。2.对材料性能的要求:(1)机械强度高(2)加工性能好(3)耐腐蚀和抗磨性好(4)取材容易。综合考虑,38CrMoAlA氮化钢。2.1.2主要的工艺参数 (1)螺杆的直径:D=60mm (2)长径比及各段长度分配: 长径比:L/D=25。加料段长:L=800mm,中间段长L=300mm,挤出段长:L=400mm。 (3)螺杆的转速、产量、功率的确定: 螺杆转速越高产量也越大,但过高的转速可能会引起局部过热,甚至会造成物料的热分解,影响制品的质量。 n=424/n-螺杆的临界转速 D-螺杆的直径 螺杆工作转速n在(0.2-0.7)n的范围选取n=49r/min 根据螺杆的转速,按经验公式计算挤出机产量: Q=DnQ-生产能力D-螺杆外径n-螺杆转速-经验出料系数 =0.003-0.007 取=0.004Q=0.004649=42.3 (4)螺杆的螺纹升角和螺杆的轴向参数的确定: 本设计采用等距变深的螺杆 选取S=D=60mm =1742 螺纹头数及旋向:m=1,取右旋。 压缩比:取=4 螺棱的轴向宽度:e=(0.08-0.12)D 取e=8mm 螺杆上的沟槽: H=(0.25-0.6)D 取H=4mm H=15mm D-螺杆直径 H-加料段槽深 H-挤出段槽深 (5)螺纹的断面形状: 断面形状为矩形。 2.2.机筒的设计:2.2.1机筒材料及结构: 我国颁布系列标准规定机筒表面硬度应为HRC=65以上。 38CrMoAlA氮化钢处理硬度大于65,综合性能好,故本次设计机筒材料也选用38CrMoAlA氮化钢。 机筒采用分段式,机筒在加料段设置轴开槽锥形套筒,其它段加衬套。衬套材料为38CrMoAlA。2.2.2加料段套筒的设计: (1)进料套筒长度L=3-5D 取4D=480mm (2)套筒的结构和尺寸:轴向开槽的数量60取9条。 (3)凹槽的宽度一般应大于高聚物颗粒的最大尺寸故60取10mm2.3.螺杆消耗功率计算与电机选择:功率:N=KDLn10/DK-计算系数 取0.06 D-螺杆直径 取6cm 螺杆工作部分长度 取30cmN=424/=173 工作的转速n=(0.2-0.7)N 所以n取49r/minN=0.066304910/6=31.7kw 取32kw电机选择Z-200-31 额定转速n=1000r/min。沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第三章.60塑料挤出机传动系统的设计第三章.60塑料挤出机传动系统的设计3.1减速器的设计和计算:3.1.1确定基本的参数和各级齿轮的扭矩、功率、转数 总传动比:i=n/n=1000/49=20 采用展开式二级斜齿轮减速器 分配传动比:I=i/I=20/2.5=8 取i=3.286 i= I/ i=2.435 计算传动装置的运动和动力参数3.1.2各级转速 I轴 n=1000r/min 轴 n= n/ i=243.46 r/min 轴 n= n/ i=50 r/min3.1.3功率 P=300.96=28.8kw P=28.80.990.97=27.7KW P=27.70.990.97=26.6KW3.1.4各轴扭矩 T=9550P/ n=630.3 N*mm T=9550P/ n=1988.32 N*mm T=9550P/ n=4647.03 N*mm说明:齿轮采用硬齿面斜齿轮柱齿轮,材料为45号钢,经过热处理轴也采用45号钢实心。低速级轴左端内表面铣内花键,花键规格为8-127278矩形花键的特点是定心精度,定心稳定性好,能用磨削的方法消除热处理变形,定心直径尺寸公差和位置公差都能获得较高精度。3.2传动装置齿轮的设计计算与校核:3.2.1齿轮组I:(1)传动功率: P=110kw,n=1000r/min,i=3.286,寿命8年 材料:小齿轮:40Cr调质,齿面硬度250-280HBS 大齿轮:ZG310-570调质,齿面硬度162-185HBS N=60njLh=6010001(300810)=2.8810h N= N/i=2.8810/3.286=8.7610h 查表得Z=0.92 Z=1.01 所以Z=1.0, Z=1.0 取S=1.0,Z=1.0, Z=0.92.按齿面硬度250HBS,=690 =440mpa 由式=ZZZ/ S得: =6901.01.00.920.92/1.0=584.21mpa =4401.011.01.00.92/1.0=408.85mpa 由于,故计算时取=408.25mpa(2)按齿面接触强度确定中心距: 小齿轮转矩:T=9.5510P/ n=630.3N*mm初定螺旋角:=13计算得Z=0.987 初取KtZt=1.0,由表查得Z=188.9 减速传动比为:3.286,取=0.4计算中心距:=396.5mm圆整后取=420mm=(0.0070.02) =(0.0070.02) 422=(2.025.72)mm,取=4mm小齿轮齿数:=32.51=32.514=106.83取=33,=107实际传动比:=3.242 传动比误差:i=100%=1.33%5%,在允许的范围内。 修正螺旋角:=acrcos=12.38=1248与相接近可不修正 分度圆直径:=/=433/cos12.38=134.829mm=4107/cos12.38=437.171mm圆周速度:v=5.645m/s由表5-3取齿轮精度为8级。 (3)验算齿面接触疲劳强度: 按电动机冲击载荷取K=1.0 按齿轮精度8级和vz/100=1.863m/s 计算,查得:K=1.12 齿宽b=a=0.4286=114.4 按b/ d=114.4/134.892=0.848 齿轮在两轴承之间非对称分布,轴刚性较小,故查得K=1.06 由表5-4查得K=1.2 所以K= K K K K=1.425 计算重合度:, 齿顶圆直径: =134.829+8=142.829mm, =437.171+8=445.171mm。齿轮端面压力角:=arctg(tg/cos)=arctg(tg20/cos12.38)=20.4371齿轮基圆直径:=134.829cos20.4371=126.342mm,=437.171cos20.4371=409.655mm。=arcos=arccos(126.342/142.829)=20.8016=arccos(409.655/445.171)=23.0421=33(tg20.8016-tg20.4371)+107(tg23.0421-tg20.4371)=1.71 。=2.447=381.984Mpa=408.85Mpa(4)验算齿根弯曲疲劳强度: z=33,z=107 由图5-14得,Y=2.52,Y=2.23 由图5-15得,Y=1.64,Y=1.80 =0.689,由图5-16(b)得: ,由图5-19得: ,由图5-23得:m, 取计算许用弯力:计算齿根弯曲应力: 取1 =74.34Mpa=414.286Mpa (5)齿轮的主要参数: , ,u=3.286, mm, =121248 d=134.829mm,d=437.171mm d= d+2ha=142.829mm d=d+2ha=445.171mm d= d-2(ha+c)=124.829mm d= d-2(ha+c)=427.171mm a=( d+ d)/2=420mm b=b=114.4mm, b= b+(510)=60.4mm3.2.2齿轮组: (1)传动功率: ,i=2.435,寿命8年 材料:小齿轮 45Cr钢调质,齿面硬度250-280HBS 大齿轮 ZG310-570调质,齿面硬度162-185HBS N=60njlh=2.8810h N= N/i=8.7610h 查表得:Z=0.92,Z=1.07 由式得:Z=1.0,Z=1.0 取S=1.0,Z=1.0,Z=1.0 按齿面硬度250HBS,162HBS 由图(5-16b) 得:=690Mpa =440Mpa 由式=得: , 由于,故计算时取=408.85Mpa(2)按齿轮接触强度确定中心距: 小齿轮转矩:T=1988320Nmm 粗定螺旋角由式(5-42)计算Z 初取K,由表5-5查得: 减速传动比为i=2.435,取 由式(5-39)计算中心距: 圆整后取=480mm =(0.007-0.02)=(0.007-0.02)480=3.36-9.6mm 取=6mm 小齿轮齿数: 去=35 =85 实际传动比:i=/=2.429 传动比误差: = =0.2%5% 允许 修正螺旋角: =13.9871 =135913 与相接近 分度圆直径: 圆周速度: = 由表5-3取齿轮精度为8级(3)验算齿面接触疲劳强度: 按电动机冲击载荷取 由图:5-4(b)按齿轮精度8级和计算,查得: 齿宽 按 齿轮在两轴承之间非对称分布,轴刚性较小, 故查的,由表5-4查得: 所以 计算重合度: 齿顶圆直径: 齿轮端面压力角: 齿轮基圆直径: (4)验算齿根弯曲疲劳强度: , 则 由图:5-14得: 由图:5-15得: 由图5-16(b)得: 由图5-19得: 由图5-23得: 取 则 (5)齿轮的主要参数: 3.3减速器传动轴的设计: 3.3.1高速轴: 选用45#钢调质处理,硬度HBS217-255,取HBS250,查表得: 按扭转强度初步计算:,考虑到有键槽轴径应该增大圆整后并考虑轴承的选用,取,对改轴布置 结构设计如下: 齿轮圆周力: 轴向力: 径向力: 水平支反力: 垂直方向支反力: 水平弯矩: 竖直弯矩:合成弯矩: 所以此轴安全3.3.2中间轴: 选用45调质,按扭矩强度初步计算: 圆整后并考虑轴承的选用,取d=70mm,结构设计如下:T=1988320齿轮圆周力:轴向力:径向力:水平支反力:垂直支反力:水平弯矩:竖直弯矩:合成弯矩:T=1988320Nmm此轴安全3.3.3低速轴: 选用40Cr调质 按扭矩强度初步计算: 圆整后并考虑轴承的选用:取 结构设计如下受力分析如下图: 齿轮圆周力: 轴向力: 径向力: 水平面支反力: 垂直面支反力: 水平弯矩: 合成弯矩: 所以此轴安全3.4轴承的选取及校核:3.4.1高速轴选7315E轴承的校核: 两轴承产生的附加轴向力: 3.4.2中间轴所选7314E轴承的校核: 两轴承产生的附加轴向力: 3.4.3低速轴所选7319E轴承的校核: 两轴承产生的附加轴向力: 沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第四章.花键的选择及校核第四章.花键的选择及校核4.1花键挤压强度的校核:公式所以许用挤压可以保证4.2低速轴花键段强度的校核: 轴的外径取D=90mm,轴的内径去D=72mm 因为许用值为2545所以此轴强度可以保证4.3螺杆花键段的强度校核: 轴的外径D=78,内径D=72 38CrMoAlA的许用应力 所以螺杆强度可以保证沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第五章.螺杆强度的校核第五章.螺杆强度的校核5.1校核根据公式:式中:计算得:根据公式:,式中: 计算得:根据公式:,式中: 计算得:螺杆的合成应力: 所以螺杆强度安全。沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 第六章.机筒的设计及校核第六章机筒的设计及校核6.1机筒的壁厚: 根据公式: 取机头最高压力 故 根据公式: 根据公式: 根据公式: 机筒强度足够。第七章.推力轴承的选择及校核7.1选90394188E 额定基本负载为1180KW 由于轴向力,所以此推力轴承可以保证工作 寿命计算: 第八章各轴上联结齿轮键的校核8.1低速级齿键的校核 参数28沈阳化工大学学士学位论文第八章各轴上联结齿轮键的校核 取140,键的工作长度=140 8.1.1按挤压强度校核: 查表的 所以挤压强度合格8.1.2按钮转剪切强度校核: 所以剪切强度合格8.2中间齿键的校核: 参数 取140,键的工作长度=1408.2.1按挤压强度校核 查表 所以挤压强度合格8.2.2按扭转剪切强度校核 所以剪切强度合格8.3中间第二齿键的校核 参数 取140 8.3.1按挤压强度校核 查表得 所以挤压强度合格8.3.2按扭转剪切强度校核29 所以剪切强度合格。30参考文献1 成大先主编机械设计手册第三版第1卷。北京:化学工业出版社,19942 成大先主编机械设计手册第三版第2卷。北京:化学工业出版社,19943 成大先主编机械设计手册第三版第3卷。北京:化学工业出版社,19944 成大先主编机械设计手册第三版第4卷。北京:化学工业出版社,19945 杨顺根 白仲元主编塑料工业设计上册。北京:化学工业出版社,19826 马占兴 何月梅主编塑料机械设计上册。北京:化学工业出版社,19857 孙志礼 冷兴聚 魏延刚 曾海泉主编机械设计。 沈阳:东北大学出版社,20008 张玉、刘平、张镭、魏红;几何量公差与测量技术;东北大学出版社;沈阳;1999.99 鄢力群、杨德武、徐宝信、齐辉;机械设计基础;吉林科学技术出版社;长春;2006.2致谢感谢学院领导为我提供这样一个学习和研究的机会,通过这次学习让我不但巩固了四年的大学学习的基本理论知识,而且能够把它与实践结合起来,对我以后的工作任务也是一个初步了解。经过接近四个月的忙碌和工作,毕业设计已经接近尾声,由于经验的匮乏,难免有许多考虑不周全的地方,如果没有指导老师的督促指导,和同学们的帮助,想要完成这个论文题目的困难是难以想象的。在本次设计中,特别的感谢我的指导教师朱成实老师。这次设计占用了朱老师不少时间,朱老师平日工作就繁忙,但在我做毕业设计的每个阶段,从外出实习到查阅资料,设计参数的确定和修改,中期检验,后期的CAD画图等整个过程中都给予了我细心的指导。除了敬佩朱老师的专业水平之外,他丰富的理论知识及实际工作经验、对待学术问题的科学态度也是我学习的榜样,最后感谢这四年来给予了我各方面极大支持及鼓励的机械教研室的所有老师,为我们打下了扎实的专业基础知识,同时还要感谢所有同学的支持和鼓励,帮助我顺利完成此次毕业设计。沈阳化工大学学士学位论文 英文文献Literature ReviewFirst.Control Plastic extrusion machine control systems, including heating systems, cooling systems, and process parameter measurement system, mainly by the electrical, instrumentation and implementing agencies (ie, control panel and console) component. Its main role is to: control and regulation of the main auxiliary of the drag motor, the output meet the technical requirements of speed and power and to enable the main auxiliary coordination; detection and regulation of plastic extrusion machine temperature, pressure, flow rate; to achieve the whole unit to control or automatic control.1. Extruder temperature control of the hostWire and cable insulation and sheathing of plastic extrusion is based on thermoplastic deformation, so that in the viscous flow state carried out. Apart from asking an external screw and barrel heating, spread the melted plastic to make extrusion, plastic screw extruder should also be considered when the heat of its own, thus requiring the temperature of the host should be considered as a whole, it is necessary to consider the heating heater open and shut, but also take into account the extruder screw to be cooling the heat spillover factors, there must be an effective cooling facilities. And requested the right to determine a reasonable measuring element thermocouple location and installation methods, instrument readings from the temperature accurately reflect the actual temperature of the various sections of the host. And to require the precision of temperature control instrumentation and systems with the good, so that the whole host of fluctuations in temperature control system stability to achieve a variety of plastic extrusion temperature requirements.2. Extruder pressure controlIn order to reflect the extrusion head, requiring testing out of the nose when the pressure is not due to domestic extruder head pressure sensor, the general thrust of post-screw extrusion is an alternative measurement of the pressure head measurements, screw Load table (ammeter, or voltmeter) can accurately reflect the size of the extrusion pressure. Extrusion pressure fluctuations, but also the quality of instability arising out of one important factor out of the pressure fluctuations and extrusion temperature, cooling devices, the use of the duration of continuous operation is closely related to other factors. When anomalies occur, can be excluded quickly ruled out, must be re-organizing production downtime should be decisive, not only to avoid the increase in waste, better prevention of accidents. By detecting the pressure gauge readings, you can know that plastics in extrusion pressure when the state, the general thrust limits, after taking alarm control.3. Screw speed controlScrew speed and stability in the regulation of the host drive, one of the important process requirements. Screw speed directly determines the amount of out of plastic and extrusion speed, the normal production and always want to achieve the highest possible speed and realization of high-yielding, on the extruder screw speed requirements of the work required from the start-up to speed, the available speed range bigger. But also the stability for high speed because the speed fluctuations will lead to fluctuations in the amount of extrusion, impact extrusion quality, so there is no change in the speed traction situations, it will cause changes in cable diameter. By the same token, such as wire-speed traction devices can also cause large fluctuations in the changes in cable diameter, screw speed and traction through the operation of reflected in the corresponding instrument on stage, extrusion should be closely observed to ensure the quality and high yield. 4. OD of controlAs noted above in order to ensure the products cable diameter size, in addition to required core line of control (cable core) outside dimensional tolerances in the extrusion temperature, screw speed, traction devices such as line speed should be controlled to ensure suits diameter measurement control is a combination of the above-mentioned control, precision and standards. In the extrusion unit equipment, in particular, high-speed extrusion production line should be equipped with line diameter detector testing at any time cable diameter, and the ultra poor signal is fed back to adjust the traction or the screw speed, to correct external Drive-tolerance. 5. Winding tension control requiredIn order to ensure the income under the different wire-speed line, from the empty plate to full plate work in constant tension requests to the storage device has received cable tension adjusting body lines, or electrical systems to consider constant linear speed and constant tension winding system and so on. 6. Machine electrical automation controlThis is a high-speed extrusion production line should have the process control requirements, mainly: boot the temperature interlock; working pressure protection and interlock; extrusion, traction ratio of the two components synchronous drive control; income line and the traction of the synchronous control; OD-line detection and feedback control; according to the different needs of the various component parts of the stand-alone machine to track and control. 二. auxiliary equipment,Plastic extrusion auxiliary units include pay-off device, alignment devices, preheating equipment, cooling devices, traction equipment, Meters, Spark Tester, Take-up device. Extrusion unit uses a different matching with its auxiliary equipment are also different. If there are cut off devices, drying devices, printing devices. Straightening devices: plastic extrusion waste types, the most common one is eccentric, but the core of various types of curved lines is produced insulation eccentric important reasons. Extrusion in the jacket, the jackets surface scratches are often caused by the bending of the cable core. Thus, a variety of extrusion unit in the alignment device is essential. The main type of straightening devices are: drum (divided into horizontal and vertical); pulley-type (divided into a single pulley and pulley blocks); twisted wheel, and drag effect, alignment, stability, tension and many other role; Pressure wheel (divided into horizontal and vertical), etc. Preheating devices: cable core extrusion and warm insulated jacket for extrusion are necessary. For the insulating layer, in particular the thin-layer insulation, can not allow the existence of pores, the line core package before the crowd could be completely removed by high temperature preheating the surface of water, oil. For the sheath extrusion is concerned, its main role is to dry cable core and prevent the moisture (or moisture around the bag cushion) so that the role of the sheath pores may occur. Preheat may also prevent the extrusion of plastic due to sudden cold and the role of residual internal pressure. Plastics in the extrusion process, the preheat temperature to eliminate cold wire into the nose and mouth and the plastic in the mold formed by the poor thermal contact and avoid temperature fluctuations caused by the plastic extrusion pressure fluctuations, and thus the amount of stable extrusion to ensure that extrusion quality. Extrusion unit in both the use of electricity plus hot core preheating device, requires sufficient capacity and to ensure that temperature, making the line core warm-up and cable core drying efficiency. Preheat temperature by the discharge linear velocity constraints, general and head temperature can be similar.Cooling devices: molded plastic squeeze-clad left nose, it should be immediately cooled stereotypes, otherwise there would be deformed under the action of gravity. Cooling method is usually cooled with water and, based on temperature difference, divided into mild cold chill. Cold water quench is the direct cooling, rapid cooling of the plastic extrusion cladding shape favorable, but in terms of crystalline polymer due to sudden thermal cooling, easy to squeeze clad in the residual internal stress within the organization, leading to the use of cracks generated in the process, the general PVC plastic layer quenching. Slow cooling is within the products in order to reduce stress, be placed in the cooling tank in the section of water at different temperatures, so that a gradual cooling products stereotypes, for PE, PP extrusion on the use of slow cooling, namely through the hot water, warm water, cold water three sections of the cooling. Heating and cooling equipment heating and cooling of plastic extrusion process to carry out the necessary conditions.(1) is now commonly used extrusion machine is electric heating, is divided into resistance heating and induction heating, heating chip installed on the fuselage, machine neck, and nose sections. Heating device by an external heating of the plastic barrel to make it heat up, in order to achieve the temperature required to process operation.(2) The cooling device is a plastic in a process to ensure the required temperature range and set up. Specifically, in order to rule out the screw rotating shear excess heat generated by friction, in order to avoid overheating the plastic decomposition, coke burning or shape difficult. Barrel cooling is divided into two kinds of water-cooled and air-cooled, generally small and medium extruder more appropriate use of air-cooled, large-scale is to use more cooling water or a combination of two forms; screw cooling water used mainly center aimed at increasing the delivery of solid materials rates, a stable amount of out of plastic, while improving product quality; but in the cooling hopper at first, in order to enhance the delivery of solid materials, the role of, and prevent heat plastic pellets to make sticky material to plug the mouth of two is to ensure that
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