kendall_sad8e_ch06v3(systems,analysis,and,design,数据分析).ppt

AgileModelingandPrototyping SystemsAnalysisandDesign 8eKendall Kendall 6 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 2 LearningObjectives Understandtherootsofagilemodeling敏捷建模inprototypingandthefourmaintypesofprototyping Beabletouseprototyping原型forhumaninformationrequirementsgathering UnderstandtheconceptofRADforuseinhumaninformationrequirementsgatheringandinterfacedesign Understandagilemodelingandthecorepracticesthatdifferentiateitfromotherdevelopmentmethodologies方法学 Learntheimportanceofvaluescritical关键toagilemodeling Understandhowtoimproveefficiencyforuserswhoareknowledgeworkersusingeitherstructuredmethodsoragilemodeling Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 3 AgileModeling butFirstPrototyping Agilemodelingisacollectionofinnovative创新 user centeredapproachestosystemsdevelopment Prototyping样板isaninformation gatheringtechniqueusefulinseekinguserreactions suggestions innovations andrevision修正plans Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 4 MajorTopics PrototypingRapid飞快的applicationdevelopment RAD Agilemodeling Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 5 Prototyping HowdousersandmanagementReact反应toworkingwiththeprototypehowgoodisthefitbetweentheirneedsandtheprototypedfeaturesofthesystem Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 6 Prototyping Patched up破旧的Nonoperational非业务First of a seriesSelectedfeatures所选功能 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 7 Patched UpPrototype Asystemthatworksbutispatcheduporpatched拼凑together Aworkingmodelthathasallthefeaturesbutisinefficient Userscaninteractwiththesystem gettingaccustomed使习惯于totheinterfaceandtypesofoutputavailable Retrieval取回andstorageofinformationmaybeinefficient Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 8 Nonoperational非业务ScaleModels Anonworkingscalemodethatissetuptotestcertainaspects方面ofthedesign Anonworkingscalemodelofaninformationsystemmightbeproducedwhenthecodingrequiredbytheapplicationistooexpensivetoprototypebutwhenausefulideaofthesystemcanbegainedthroughprototypingoftheinputandoutputonly Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 9 First of a SeriesPrototype Creatingapilot试点Prototypeiscompletelyoperational操作的Usefulwhenmanyinstallations安装ofthesameinformationsystemareplannedAfull scaleprototypeisinstalledinoneortwolocationsfirst andifsuccessful duplicates复制品areinstalledatalllocationsbasedoncustomerusagepatterns使用模式andotherkeyfactors Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 10 SelectedFeaturesPrototype所选功能的原型 Buildinganoperationalmodelthatincludessome butnotall ofthefeaturesthatthefinalsystemwillhaveSome butnotall essentialfeaturesareincludedBuiltinmodulesPartoftheactualsystem Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 11 FourKindsofPrototypesClockwise顺时针 StartingfromtheUpperLeft Figure6 1 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 12 PrototypingasanAlternativetotheSystemsLifeCycle TwomainproblemswiththeSDLCExtendedtimerequiredtogothroughthedevelopmentlifecycleUserrequirementschangeovertimeRatherthanusingprototypingtoreplacetheSDLCuseprototypingasapartoftheSDLC Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 13 GuidelinesforDevelopingaPrototype Workinmanageable易管理的modulesOnethatallowsuserstointeractwithitskeyfeaturesbutcanbebuiltseparatelyfromothersystemmodulesBuildtheprototyperapidly Modify修改theprototypeinsuccessiveiterations重复的 Stresstheuserinterface Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 14 DisadvantagesofPrototyping Itcanbedifficulttomanageprototypingasaprojectinthelargersystemseffort Usersandanalystsmayadopt吸纳aprototypeasacompletedsystem Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 15 AdvantagesofPrototyping PotentialforchangingthesystemearlyinitsdevelopmentOpportunitytostopdevelopmentonasystemthatisnotworkingPossibilityofdevelopingasystemthatmorecloselyaddressesusers needsandexpectations期待 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 16 PrototypingUsingCOTSSoftware SometimesthequickestwaytoprototypeisthroughthemodularinstallationofCOTS Commercial商业的oftheShelf software SomeCOTSsoftwareiselaborate精心制作的andexpensive buthighlyusefulExampleERPCOTSlikePeopleSoftmoduleslikeonlineregistrationandacompleteonlinecoursecatalog Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 17 Users RoleinPrototyping Honestinvolvement诚实的参考Experimenting实验withtheprototypeGivingopenreactions反应totheprototypeSuggestingadditions附加toordeletionsfromtheprototype Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 18 RapidApplicationDevelopment RAD Anobject oriented以 为目的approachtosystemsdevelopmentthatincludesamethodofdevelopmentaswellassoftwaretools Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 19 RADPhases RequirementsplanningRADdesignworkshop JAD Implementation Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 20 TheRADDesignWorkshopIstheHeartoftheInteractiveDevelopmentProcess Figure6 4 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 21 RequirementsPlanningPhase Usersandanalystsmeettoidentifyobjectivesoftheapplicationorsystem Orientation以 为目的istowardsolvingbusinessproblems Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 22 RADDesignWorkshop Designandrefine精炼phase Usegroupdecisionsupportsystemsroomifavailable Usersrespond作出反应toactualworkingprototypes Analystsrefinedesignedmodulesbasedonuserresponses Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 23 ImplementationPhase Asthesystemsarebuiltandrefined thenewsystemsorpartofsystemsaretestedandthenintroducedtotheorganization Whencreatingnewsystems thereisnoneedtorunoldsystemsinparallel平行 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 24 ComparingRADtotheSDLC RADsoftwaretoolsareusedtogeneratescreensandexhibittheoverallflowoftherunningoftheapplication RADusersaresigningoff签署了onavisualmodelrepresentation RADimplementationislessstressful压力重的becauseusershavehelpedtodesignthebusinessaspectsofthesystem 25 可编辑 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 26 TheRADDesignWorkshopandtheSDLCApproachCompared Figure6 5 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 27 WhentoUseRAD Theteamincludesprogrammersandanalystswhoareexperiencedwithit Therearepressingreasonsforspeedingupapplicationdevelopment Theprojectinvolvesanovelecommerce电子商务applicationandneedsquickresults Usersaresophisticated诡辩andhighlyengaged忙碌的withthegoalsofthecompany Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 28 DisadvantagesofRAD Tryingtohurrytheprojecttoomuch Quickanddirty developmentprocessLackofdocumentation Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 29 AgileModeling Agilemethodsareacollectionofinnovative user centeredapproachestosystemsdevelopment Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 30 ValuesandPrinciplesofAgileModeling CommunicationSimplicityFeedbackCourage勇气 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 31 ValuesAreCrucial重要的totheAgileApproach Figure6 6 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 32 TheBasicPrinciplesofAgileModeling Satisfythecustomerthroughdeliveryofworkingsoftware Embracechange evenifintroducedlateindevelopment Continuetodeliverfunctioningsoftwareincrementally增量andfrequently Encouragecustomersandanalyststoworktogetherdaily Trustmotivated有积极性的individualstogetthejobdone Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 33 TheBasicPrinciplesofAgileModeling continued Promote促进face to faceconversation smallteams Concentrateongettingsoftwaretowork Encouragecontinuous regular andsustainabledevelopment可持续发展 Adoptagilitywithattentiontomindful深切注意的design Supportself organizingteams Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 34 TheBasicPrinciplesofAgileModeling continued Providerapidfeedback Encouragequality Review审查andadjustbehavioroccasionally偶尔 Adopt采用simplicity简单 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 35 Activities Resources andPracticesofAgileModeling CodingTestingListeningDesigning Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 36 FourResourceControlVariablesofAgileModeling TimeCustomerisonlyslightlyhappierwhenyoucomplete80 thanhewasafteryoucompleted20 Theagileapproachinsists坚持要求onfinishingontimeCostTheeasiestwaytoincreasespendingistohiremorepeople butthatdoesn tmeanthatwe llfinishfasterQualityTQM SixSigmahelptoensuresoftwarequalityishighScopeOneormoreoftheuserstoriescanbedelayed MoSCow Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 37 FourCoreAgilePractices Shortreleases释放40 hourworkweekOnsite上门customerPair成对programming Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 38 TheAgileDevelopmentProcess Listenforuserstories Drawalogicalworkflowmodel Createnewuserstoriesbasedonthelogicalmodel Developsomedisplayprototypes Createaphysicaldatamodelusingfeedbackfromtheprototypesandlogicalworkflowdiagrams Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 39 WritingUserStories SpokeninteractionbetweendevelopersandusersSeekingfirstandforemost最重要toidentifyvaluablebusinessuserrequirementsThegoalisprevention防止ofmisunderstandingsormisinterpretationsofuserrequirements Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 40 UserStoriesCanBeRecordedonCards TheUserStoryShouldBeBriefEnoughforanAnalysttoDetermineWhatSystemsFeaturesAreNeeded Figure6 8 Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 41 Scrum Begintheprojectwithahigh levelplanthatcanbechangedonthefly敏捷的 Successoftheprojectismostimportant Individualsuccessissecondary Projectleaderhassome notmuch influenceonthedetail Systemsteamworkswithinastrict严谨的timeframe Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 42 Scrum Productbacklog存货Alistderived得自fromproductspecificationsSprintbacklogAdynamicallychanginglistoftaskstobecompletedinthenextsprintSprintA30 dayperiodinwhichthedevelopmentteamtransformsthebacklogintosoftwarethatcanbedemonstrated展示 证明DailyscrumAbrief简短的meetinginwhichcommunicationisthenumber oneruleDemoWorkingsoftwarethatcanbedemonstratedtothecustomer Kendall KendallCopyright 2011PearsonEducation Inc PublishingasPrenticeHall 6 43 LessonsLearnedfromAgileModeling Shortreleasesallowthesystemtoevolve进化 Pairprogrammingenhancestheoverallquality Onsitecustomersaremutually相互的beneficialtothebusinessandtheagiledevelopmentteam Kendall KendallCopyrig