高考英语语法专项训练 第14讲 状语从句.ppt

复合句与简单句 复合句 简单句 从属连词 简单句 heworked inthatfactory threeyearsago 地点状语 时间状语 wherehisfatherworked inthatfactory whereilived whenhelivedthere hisfatherworkedthere ilivedthere helivedtherethreeyearsago 复合句与简单句 复合句 简单句 从属连词 简单句 putthebook onthedesk whereyoutookit whereitwas 地点状语 whereyoufoundit youcan tcamp here wheretherearealotoftrees whereveryoulike 1 whenilivedinthecountryside iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim 2 wemustcampwherewecangetwater 3 youshouldn tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou 4 ifitdoesn traintomorrow wewillgotothezoo 5 althoughheisveryold heisquitestrong 状语从句 whatare adverbialclauses 在复合句中担任 成分的从句称为状语从句 修饰主句的谓语动词 形容词或副词等 或 的从句叫做 状语从句 状语 修饰整个 主句 状语从句分类 1 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句 3 原因状语从句 4 条件状语从句 5 让步状语从句 6 目的状语从句 7 结果状语从句 8 方式状语从句 9 比较状语从句 1 themomenthecomes iwilltellhim 2 iwon tknowwhereheisuntiligetaletterfromhim 3 nosoonerhadshegonethanithappened 时间状语从句 常用连词 when while as since before till until not until assoonas immediately themoment theminute oncedirectly theinstant instantly nosooner than hardly scarcely when each everytime nexttime 直到 当 的时候 自从 以来 还没 就 一 就 在 之前 刚 就 每次 下次 whenhewaswatchingtv heheardthedoorbellring wheniwasyoung ilikeddancing whenigothome hewashavingsupper whenhehasfinishedhiswork hetakesashortrest i when when 持续性动词 非持续性动词强调特定时间 1 when while as when不可被as while替代的情况 1 when while as wewereabouttogooutwhentheteachercamein 1 when也可作为并列连词 连接两个并列句 那时 这时 andthen andatthattime whydidyouwalktherewhenyouhaveacar 2 when还可译为 在 的情况下 3 whilehewaswalkinginthestreet hemettim 分词短语 whilewalkinginthestreet hemettim walkinginthestreet hemettom 1 helearnedtospeakenglishwhilehewashere whileislept athiefbrokein fatherlookedafterthechildrenwhilemotherwasaway iiwhile while 持续性动词 2 iliketeawhileshelikescoffee 1 when while as 表示对比 ashebecamepoorer hehadfewerfriends asthesunrose thefogdispersed astimesgoes it sgettingcolder ashewalkedalongthestreet hesanghappily iii as 1 when while as 强调主从句动作同时发生有 随着 或 一边 一边 的意思 当主句的是非持续动词 从句的谓语动词是持续性动词时 when while as可互相替换 1 when while as while when aswewerestilllaughing theteachercamein iwaswalkingdownthestreet inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore johnarrived iwascookinglunch hegrewolder helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening howcanhegetgoodgrades hewon tstudy iwaswanderingthroughthestreet icaughtsightofatailor sshop while when as when when when as exercise 1 还未 就 不到 就 wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland 我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地 wehadn trunamilebeforehefelttired 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了 beforeicouldgetinaword hehadmeasuredme 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸 2 before since i before 2 从句中谓语不用否定式beforetheyreachedthestation thetrainhadgone 他们还没到火车站 火车已开走了 3 itwillbe 一段时间 before 多久之后才 itwillbehalfayearbeforeicomeback 还得呆半年我才能回来 itwon tbelongbeforewemeetagain 没多长时间我们就会见面了 2 before since 1 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词 主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作 since从句的时态若是一般过去时 从句时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时 ihavewrittenhomefourtimessinceicamehere 自从我来到这儿 我给家写了四封信 shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysincesheleftschool 她离开学校以来就在这个工厂工作 ii since 2 before since 2 itis 一段时间 since从句时间从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起 itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout 自战争爆发以来有三年了 itisthreeyearssinceistoppedsmokingacigar我不吸烟有三年了 itisthreeyearssinceibegantosmoke 我吸烟有三年了 2 before since 1 theresearchwilltakejoanandpaulaboutfivemonths itwillbealongtime wemeetthemagain a afterb beforec sinced when2 wehaveneverseenheragain shewenttoworkinanothercity a whenb asc sinced while3 hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths hecouldrecoverandreturntowork a whenb beforec sinced that exercise until比till更正式until可以放句首 till不可以 iwon tleaveuntil tillhecomesback iwillstayheruntil tillhecomesback untilhecomesback iwon tgo itwas thatileft notuntil notuntilhecameback hecomesbackwillileave 3 till until not unitl 4 assoonas immediately themoment theminute directly theinstant instantly nosooner than hardly scarcely when assoonasheenteredtheclassroom thebellrang hehad whenthebellrang hehad thanthebellrang hardlyenteredtheroom nosoonerenteredtheroom hardly scarely whenthebellrang hadheenteredtheroom 5 each everytime nexttime thefirst lasttime anytime allthetime bythetime eachtimeiwasintrouble hewouldcometohelpmeout besuretocallmenexttimeyoucomehere hewasillthelasttimeivisitedhim bythetimeigraduatefromthisschool iwillhavebeenhereforthreeyears summary 1 iwassofamiliarwithhimthatirecognizedhisvoice ipickedupthephone whileb afterc incased theminute2 howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumers whenb untilc befored since exercise 3 thedaywenton theweathergotworse withb sincec asd while4 hewashalfwaythroughhismeal afamiliarvoicecametohisears whyb wherec whend while5 hardly intothevillage itbegantorain wehadgot whenb wegot thanc hadwegot whend didweget than exercise practice 1 howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness 1999 a afterb inc fromd since2 motherwasworriedbecauselittlealicewasill especially fatherwasawayinfrance a asb thatc duringd if3 iamgoingtothepostoffice you rethere canyougetmesomestamps a asb whilec becaused if4 someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight buttheyhungup icouldanswerthephone a asb sincec untild before d a b d 5 didyouremembertogivemarythemoneyyouowedher yes igaveittoher isawher a whileb themomentc suddenlyd once6 agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners curiosity hereachestheendofthestory a whenb unlessc afterd until7 generallyspeaking accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect a whentakingb whentakenc whentotaked whentobetaken b d b 8 washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool yes hehasneverpraisedhim hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade a afterb unlessc untild when9 hemadeamistake butthenhecorrectedthesituation itgotworse a untilb whenc befored as10 scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients a sinceb afterc befored when11 itwasevening wereachedthelittletownofwinchester a thatb untilc sinced before c c c d 12 modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand a whileb sincec asd if13 wewereswimminginthelake suddenlythestormstarted a whenb whilec untild before14 weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad wereachedthecentralrailwaystation a wheneverb untilc whiled wherever a a b test 2 地点状语从句 地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever 在任何地方 引导 e g a juststaywhereyouare b youcanputthebookwhereveryouwantto whenhereadsabook hishabitistomakeamark themeaningisuncleartohim a thereb whereverc theplaced inwhich2 ifyouaretravelling thecustomsaretotallydifferentfromyourown youmayfeelaculturalshock a intheplaceb whichc inwhichd where 3 原因状语从句 原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因 引导这种从句常用的连接词是 because since as for nowthat及considering等 e g hedidn tcometoschoolbecausehewasill c f hemightbeill forhedidn tcometoschool 表示 直接 原因 表示 间接的推断 原因 不可出现在句首 jennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatcanada thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured a asb ifc whend where2 somepeoplebelievethat oilisrunningout thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain a b thoughc ford since 4 条件状语从句 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的 条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来 条件状语从句由从属连词引导 if unless 除非 as solongas 只要 oncondition 只要 incase 假使 providing provided that 等 e g a we llcomeovertoseeyouonsaturdayifwehavetime b weshouldservethepeopleas solongaswelive 1 wewillbeabletogetthereontime ourcardoesn tbreakdownontheroad assoonasb asfarasc aslongasd aswellas2 intimeofseriousaccidents weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid wecansavelives whetherb untilc ifd unless 3 youhavetriedit youcan timaginehowpleasantitis a unlessb becausec althoughd when4 theofficialsoonrealizedthat thingswouldgetworse unlessdealtwithproperlyifnotproperlydealingwithitunlessproperlydealtwithifdealtnotproperlywith 5 让步状语从句 在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句 通常由下列词语引导 though although evenif eventhough while nomatterwho however等 由wh 词 ever构成的连接代词或连接副词也可以引导让步状语从句 让步状语从句可以位于主句前 后 有时插在主句中间 e g a iwillgo whateverhemaysay b theirtent though itwas lightasafeather remainedfirm c though althoughhewasold heworkedhard hewasoldbutheworkedhard 注意一个典型的中国错误 though although切不可与but连用 iacceptthatheisnotperfect idoactuallyliketheperson whileb sincec befored unless2 theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject theexpenseshaverisen aslongasb eventhoughc nowthatd asthough 3 heknowsmorethanotherchildrenofhisage a howeveryoungchildheisb childasheisc nomatterhowyoungchildisd whatayoungchildheis4 ireallywantthematch howevermuch a doesitcostb costsitc willitcostd itcosts 5 wehavefinishedthecourse weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork fornowb nowthatc bynowd until6 theideaofhavingtoworkunderawomandefeatedhim wantingthejobverymuchalthoughwantingthejobbadlythoughhewantedthejobverymuchhewantedthejobbadly 6 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词 inorderthat 用于正式文体中 所引从句可于主句前或后 sothat a 较常用 一般用于主句后 有时可分开 so有时可省 从句中要有情态动词 否则 就成为下一种句型 b 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句 forfearthat incase lest 以免 等 e g a we llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter b ishallwriteitdownlestishouldforget 注意 当从句与主句的主语一致时 可用soastodo 或inordertodo e g heranfastsothathemightarrivetherebeforeteno clock heranfastsoastoar