英语音标学习资料83331

精选文库英语音标学习资料 文章编号LS120309N01F第一节 基础 英语国际标准音标元音 (20个)单元音12个前 元 音(4个)i:ie后 元 音(5个):u:u中 元 音(3个):双元音8个合口双元音(5个)eiuaiaui集中双元音(3个)iu辅音 (28个)清 辅 音(11个)ptkfsttrtsh浊 辅 音(17个)bdgvzddrdzlmnjwr语音知识: 1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。 7) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节 banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。 特殊读音 1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year，this year。 重音A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，prepare，employ，permit，escape，produce，exclaim，translatec)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present present; content，content。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。outside，retell，well-known，unreal，fifteen，Chinese，pre-war，post-war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult，communist，family，economy，opportunity，democracy。 b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully，indefinite，comfortable，conductor，according，disturbance，complicated，establishment。 c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous，calligraphy，editorial，historian，periodic，mathematics，experience，sufficient，identify，translation，religious，curiosity，protective。 d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain，employee，mountaineer，Japanese，cigarette。 第二节 各个音节的详细读音/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ come/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ welcome/welkm/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid/u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ note/nut/ pose/puz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ baut/ south/sau/ house/haus/i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/i/ ear/i/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/ fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/ clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve/s:v/ never/nev/ bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) thought/:t/ author/ truth/tru:/ / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/ thus/ s/ then/en/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stps/z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ catch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ question/kwestn/ teach/ti:t/ challenge/tlind/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ sharp/a:p/ fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ikskju:z/ /w/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 第三节 音标综合练习1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill/pet/ /pk/ /gp/ /kg/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/settle trash depend2./a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3./ / /bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b:lesk/ /m:d/ burlesque murder3./ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4./i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia/mtiril/ /mistiris/material mysterious5./ /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves第四节 音标的分辨The sun Tongue Twister(1)There are thirty-three trees there. (, )(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)(3)She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells. Im sure because if she sells shells at the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells for sure.(/ /,/s/,/z/,/) (4)There is a kitten in the kitchen. In the kitchen, I fly the chicken. A fly flies into the kitchen while Im frying the chicken.( /t/)(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight. For a night, lights a slight light and tonights a night thats light. When a nights light like tonights light, its really not quit right to light night lights with their slight lights on the light night like tonight.(/n/-/l/) (6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/-/)(7)Why didnt you do that what I told you to do? (/ /-/ /) (8)The doctors daughter knocked at the locked door.(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sisters? Yes, this is the pair of scissors of his sisters . (/s/-/z/)(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/) i: ee： three tree green sheep meet beef see seek week ea： eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please e： he she me these ie： piece receive ceiling field i ： i： sit picture it is if list six mix fix fit pig big build miss milk ship with window begin y： myth many twenty happy dictionary e：defect decide delicious e ： ea：head bread pleasure ready e ：elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes well get very step men listenE: ： ir： girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird first ur：turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger hurt ear：learn earn earth heard er：term her nerd serve verb or：work worm worker word world worseE ： er： teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder or：doctor actor mayor author tractor forget o：together tomorrow today Washington control polite policeman oclock a：around account ago elephant banana China breakfast American above e：hundred student ar： car farm card arm garden party star a：fast class last glass plant are：are u： up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus cut us luck but cut o： come mother brother love above month ou ：trouble rough flourish oo：blood flood al：small wall talk tall hall ball call walk or：short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store au：author caught our：four mourn court ar：warm quarrel quarter aw：draw saw flaw ou：bought ought oo：food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth school too noodle cool u：true truth blueoo：look good foot book cook ou：should could would u：put full bull pull push o：woman wolfing：sing king morning evening cial ：social special sion ：propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television tion ：station nation translation attention question ear：pear bear air：chair air fair hair pair are：care hare ere：there where eer：beer deer ear：ear dear near ere：here ea：idea ie：fierce oy：boy toy joy oi：oil soil voice choice noise join o：home cold go no phone host ghost nose ow：know low below grow blow show flow window yellow oa：boat coat goal road au ou：house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse round about ow：flower down now cow how towna：name cake late gate plane April face take radio space ay：play say may way today May ea：great break ai：rain paint plain ey：they greyoo：look good foot book cook ou：should could would u：put full bull pull push o：woman wolf.元音发音规则一、前元音所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部，也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿，口形扁平，不要收圆。四个前元音中发i:的时候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。发i的时候舌前部比i:稍低，牙床也开得稍大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音e的时候舌前部比i又要第一些，牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音 的时候舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。二、后元音所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部，也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音:要用中常唇外，其它四个音都要用圆唇，发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如u u:嘴唇还要向前突出。其次，要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中:的舌位最低，开口最大。 的舌位比:稍高，开口度比:稍小。 :的舌位比?又要更高一些，开口度比?再小一些。u的舌位比 :又要高一些，开口度再小一些。u:的舌位最高，开口最小。三、中元音所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或中常。 :的舌位最高， 的舌位最低，?的舌位介乎两者之间，比 :稍低，比 稍高。上面提到了12个单元音。英语里还有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。四、合口双元音所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音i或u。发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中，口形、舌位都有明显的变化。另外，还要注意双元音的下面几个特点：1、前长后短（前音长后音短）。2、前重后轻（前音发得重，后音发得轻）。3、前音清楚，后音模糊。五、集中双元音 所谓集中双元音是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音 。发音时要注意第一个元音向第二个元音滑动时的