沪教版英语8A-u5-u8单元总结

Unit 5 Educational Exchange 一 重点单词一 重点单词 1 educational adj 有关教育的 有教育意义的 e g The kids had an enjoyable and educational day educate v 教育 education n 教育 educational adj 有教育意义的 educator n 教育学家 教 育者 翻译翻译 1 他正在教育小孩子 2 我们都需要好的教育 2 exchange n 交流 互换 e g I plan to go on an exchange visit to Paris v 交换 互换 e g People usually exchange their present at Christmas 3 culture n 文化 e g Jack is very interested in European culture culture n cultural adj 与文化有关的 文化的 4 host n 主人 e g Mrs Smith is always the perfect host 史密斯太太对客人一向热情款待 主办国 东道主 e g Beijing was the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games 电视或广播节目的 主持人 hostess n 女主人 女主持人 host n hostess n 女主人 女主持人 反义词 guest n 客人 5 local adj 地方的 当地的 反义 international adj 国际的 国际性的 翻译 local people a local newspaper school the local government local adj location n 地点 be located in v 位于位于 坐落于坐落于 6 glad adj 高兴 愉快 e g The people there were really glad to see you 近义词 happy adj 快乐的 高兴的 pleased adj 高兴的 满意的 be glad to do sth 高兴做某事 I m glad to see you again 7 chopstick n 筷子 e g It may be a bit difficult for westerners to use chopsticks 提示 筷子总是成对出现 因此往往用复数形式 一双筷子 一般说成 a pair of chopsticks 8 tour v 在 旅游 e g We toured southern Spain for three weeks e g The Whites spent one month touring around the US tour n 旅行 旅游 tourist n 游客 观光客 比较比较 journey tour 与与 trip 这三个词均指旅行 旅游 这三个词均指旅行 旅游 journey 尤指长途旅行 且通常为单程旅行 e g the journey across Canada 穿越加拿大之旅 tour 指游览多地的旅行或旅游 e g a guided tour of Italy 在导游带领下游览意大利 trip 常用于指往返的旅行 e g They re just back from a business trip to Japan 注意 trip 可以指短途旅行 也可以指较长途的旅行 e g a day trip 一天的旅游 a trip round the world 环球旅行 9 experience n 一次一次 经历经历 体验体验 可数名词可数名词 e g She wrote a book about her experiences in Africa experience 表示表示 经验经验 是不可数名词 是不可数名词 e g We all learn from experience e g She has five years teaching experience experience v 经历经历 感受感受 体会体会 e g It is the first time she has ever experienced failure experienced adj 有经验的有经验的 e g Mr Smith is an experienced teacher 10 already adv 已经已经 早已早已 用于肯定句用于肯定句 放在 have has 后 done 前 为了强调 也可放在句末 e g They have already been to Beijing I have been to Hong Kong already 翻译 我们已经完成作业了 11 yet jet adv 尚未 仍未尚未 仍未 用于否定句和一般疑问句的末尾 用于否定句和一般疑问句的末尾 I haven t finished my homework yet Have you finished reading the newspaper yet No I m still reading 拓展 yet 还可以和比较级连用 加强语气 yet 较为正式 口语中常用 still e g You must work yet harder 翻译 我们还没有完成作业 12 introduce v 使使 初次了解初次了解 使尝试使尝试 He introduced us to some natural food introduction n 引进 首次使用 介绍 引言 导论 提示提示 introduce 还有如下的常见用法 还有如下的常见用法 a 介绍 Who s the girl over there Come with me and I ll introduce you to her b 推行 采用 This company has just introduced a new product 这家公司刚刚推出了一款新产品 13 success n 成功成功 反义词 反义词 failure n 失败失败 提示 success 表示 成功成功 出名出名 为不可数名词不可数名词 表示 成功的事或人成功的事或人 为可数名词可数名词 Hard work is the key to success 勤奋是取得成功的关键 不可数 What s the secret of your success 不可数 He really tried to make a success of the business 他确实想要把这个企业办成功 可数 The film Titanic was a huge success 可数 词形词形 succeed v 成功成功 达到目的达到目的 successful adj 成功的 有成就的成功的 有成就的 successfully adv 成功地 成功地 e g The performance was a great success and they were successful they won the gold medal successfully 即学即练 1 他成功了 He 2 他是成功的 He is 3 他获取很大的成功 He got lots of 4 他成功地通过了考试 He passed the exam Unit 6 Ancient Stories 基础教案基础教案 Key words 1 difference n 差别 不同 差别 不同 different adj 不同的 有差别的不同的 有差别的 与与 不同不同 be different from Can you find out the differences between the two pictures 反义词 反义词 similarity n 相像处相像处 相似点相似点 similar adj 相似的相似的 be similar to 与与 相似相似 2 Greek n 希腊人 Greek n 希腊语 Greece n 希腊 Ancient Greeks were often great thinkers 伟大的思想家 3 celebrate v 庆祝 庆贺 庆祝 庆贺 celebration n 庆祝 庆祝会 仪式 庆祝 庆祝会 仪式 Tom celebrated his 24th birthday with his friends two days ago The company will celebrate its tenth anniversary this year 十周年庆典活动 4 midnight n 午夜 子夜 午夜 子夜 at midnight 在午夜 在半夜在午夜 在半夜 by midnight 在午夜前在午夜前 They had to leave at midnight 5 except prep 除 之外 The museum is open every day except Monday I can answer all of the questions except the last one 辨析辨析 except except for 和和 besides 1 except 介词 除 之外 表示将一个或几个人或物从同一类人或物中排除 All came except Tom We go to library every day except Sunday 2 except for 除 之外 在说明整个基本情况后 对细节加以纠正 基本情况和细节不属于同 一范畴 He is a good man except for hot temper 他是个好人 只是脾气暴躁 Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes 3 besides 除除 之外还有之外还有 其中所指的事物并没有被排除 而是先后包含在内其中所指的事物并没有被排除 而是先后包含在内 We all went shopping besides her 运用 除了图书馆之外 他哪儿读没去 除了英语之外 你还擅长什么科目 这部电影很好 除了它的结尾 6 secret adj 秘密的秘密的 n 秘密 秘密 The soldiers are training at a secret place 秘密场所 The police are trying to keep the documents secret 文件 This is a secret between you and me secretly adv 秘密地 机密地 秘密地 机密地 He wore a hidden microphone to secretly record the conversations 他身上藏了一个传声器 打算偷偷 录下谈话内容 7 side n 侧面 The right side of the car was damaged 轿车的右侧损坏了 提示 side 一词的含义很多 现将其常见含义罗列如下 a 某物前 后 左或右的一边 一旁 We live on the other side of the main road 我们住在大路的另一边 b 扁平 较薄物体的 面 Write on both sides of the paper 纸的正反两面都可以书写 c 立体物体的平面 A cube has six sides 立方体有六个面 d 边 边缘 You should stay at the side of the road when you re cycling 你应该靠着马路边骑自行车 e 敌对或参赛的一方 Whose side are you on 你支持哪一方 8 quietly adv 安静地安静地 quiet adj 安静的 The boy walked into the room quietly in order not to wake up his parents All students must keep quiet when they listen to the speech 9 succeed v 达到目的 实现目标 达到目的 实现目标 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事成功做某事 People have succeeded in sending astronauts onto the Moon 反义 fail v 失败 failure n 失败 失败乃成功之母 Failure is the mother of success 链接 success n 成功 胜利 successful adj 获得成功的 达到目的 successfully adv 成功地 10 trick n 计谋 v 哄骗 使上当 The thieves used a trick to get past the security guards 窃贼们使计从安保人员身边溜走了 They tricked me and I felt like a fool 他们欺骗了我 我觉得自己像个傻瓜 提示 trick 一词还有如下的常见含义 a 把戏 戏法 The magician performed a trick and the rabbit disappeared 魔术师变了一个戏法 结果兔子消失了 b 要领 窍门 Jack picked up this trick from his elder brother 杰克从他哥哥那里学会了这个窍门 Key structures 1 Now they ve given up and sailed away 现在 他们放弃了 驾船走了 give up 意为意为 放弃 认输放弃 认输 give in 投降投降 屈服屈服 My uncle was seriously ill but the doctor didn t give up They have to give in sail away 是指是指 人 驾船而走 人 驾船而走 They will sail away in February to the Philippines Little Mike imagined jumping onto a boat and sailing away alone 2 But look over there a soldier said They ve left a huge wooden horse look over 意为意为 从 某物上面 看过去从 某物上面 看过去 She stretched up to look over the fence look 的其他短语 look for look after look up look around 动词动词 leave 是及物动词 是及物动词 leave left left 意思较多 意思较多 leave v 遗留 留下遗留 留下 She left some food for her husband leave sb sth 地点介词短语地点介词短语 把某人 物 遗忘在把某人 物 遗忘在 Mary has left her wallet on the underground train I ve left my umbrella on the bus 复习拓展 复习拓展 a leave v 离开离开 When did you leave London b leave for 地点地点 动身去某地动身去某地 I m leaving for Beijing next month c 表示表示 放置 听人 使处于某种状态放置 听人 使处于某种状态 Don t leave the door open Leave him alone d 作名词 作名词 许可 准假许可 准假 ask for sick leave a three week s leave e 还剩还剩 Don t worry There is still 5 minutes left There is only one apple left 3 The Greeks didn t want to take it with them take with 意为意为 将将 带上 随身携带带上 随身携带 It ll rain tonight Remember to take an umbrella with you take 的其他短语 的其他短语 take photos take sb to sp take actions steps 4 Get some help and pull it into the city help 帮助 协助 是不可数名词 with the help of sb 在在 sb 的帮助下的帮助下 Thank you for your help Tony has made great progress in English with the help of his desk mate help 常考短语 help ab do sth help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 I often help my mother do the housework pull into 意为意为 把把 拖进拖进 把把 拉进拉进 We pulled the drowning man into the boat just in time to save his life 5 They sang and danced around the horse and made jokes about the stupid Greeks make jokes about laugh at make fun of 拿拿 开玩笑 以开玩笑 以 为笑柄为笑柄 They often make jokes about my accent We should not make jokes about one s appearance play jokes on sb 戏弄某人戏弄某人 tell jokes 开玩笑 讲笑话开玩笑 讲笑话 6 After the party they locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep go to sleep 意为意为 睡着 入睡睡着 入睡 He soon went to sleep 他很快就入睡了 注意 go to bed 去睡觉 fall asleep 与 go to sleep 表示 睡着 入睡 之意 feel sleepy 觉得困倦 想打瞌睡 试比较 In my early twenties I rarely went to bed before midnight He turned over and fell asleep again 他翻了个身又睡着了 I felt sleepy when I watched this program 我观看这档节目的时候想打瞌睡 7 By midnight the main square was empty except for the huge horse by midnight 意为意为 午夜前午夜前 在这里 介词 在这里 介词 by 意为意为 不迟于 在不迟于 在 之前之前 Can you arrive there by five o clock I ll finish the work by tomorrow 8 Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse on the side of 在在 的侧面 在的侧面 在 的一侧的一侧 She stuck the label on the side of the suitcase 贴上了标签 one by one one after another 意为意为 一个接一个一个接一个 We went one by one out of the back door One by one the policeman knocked out all the kidnappers 警察将所有的绑匪一个接一个地击倒 9 In one night however they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick in one night 意为意为 一夜之间一夜之间 You can have four to seven dreams in one night 一个晚上你会做四到七个梦 succeed in doing sth be successful in doing sth manage to do sth 成功地做了某事成功地做了某事 He succeeded in winning the golf game again He was successful in winning the golf game again 用 manage to do 改写 这里的介词这里的介词 through 凭借 以凭借 以 You can achieve success through hard work 取得成功 基础知识运用基础知识运用 I 根据提示填空 根据提示填空 注意形式 注意形式 1 People in China c the Dragon Boat Festival to remember Qu Yuan 2 You shouldn t push the door Try p it instead 3 Can you figure out the d between these two hairstyles 4 He is a 希腊人 but he lives in London all the time 5 The whale is a very h animal 6 There is nobody in the room It is e 7 It is a s Don t let another person know 8 The Japanese want to c our country in 1937 9 Did you notice Meimei e her room at two o clock 10 I m very upset because everyone else in my class was invited to the party e me I feel so lonely Unit 6 Ancient stories 语法教案语法教案 A1 The present perfect tense with since and for 在第五单元的 Grammar 板块中 我们学习了现在完成时的第一种用法 动作发生在过去 但 对现在产生一定的影响 但在本单元中 我们将学习第二种情况 请先阅读下面的内容 Jill is on holiday in Ireland She is there now 吉尔正在爱尔兰度假 她正在那里 She arrived in Ireland on Monday Today is Thursday 她周一抵达爱尔兰 今天是周四 How long has she been in Ireland 她在爱尔兰有多久了 She has been in Ireland since Monday 她从周一起就在爱寿 She has been in Ireland for three days 她在爱尔兰三天了 方框中的两句句子使用了现在完成时 黑体部分强调了动作发生的起点在周一 即三天前 并 一直持续到现在 周四 并还可能继续持续下去 如下图所示 She is in Ireland now She has been Ireland since Monday for three days Monday Thursday now 由此可见 我们可以用 for 或 since 来表达 多久 how long 的含义 for 和和 since 的用法的用法 for 后面跟时间段 如 for three days ten minutes an hour two hours a week four weeks Richard has been in Canada for six months Richard 已在加拿大待了六个月 We have waited for two hours 我们已经等了两个小时 I ve lived in London for a long time 我在伦敦已经住了很久 since 后面跟时间点 如 since Monday Wednesday nine o clock 12 30 this afternoon 24July January 1985 Christmas I was ten years old we arrived three days ago five minutes ago Richard has been in Canada since January 理查德从一月起就在加拿大了 We have waited since nine o clock 我们从九点起就开始等了 I ve lived in London since I was ten years old 我从十岁起就住在伦敦了 注意 1 since 后可以接 表示 时间点 的从句从句 由 since 引导的从句通常用一般过去时从句通常用一般过去时 主句谓语用现在主句谓语用现在 完成时 完成时 如 We ve been friends since we met at school 自从我们在学校相遇以来 就一直是朋友 Much has changed since I was there last time 自我上次到那里之后发生了很多变化 2 在表示 起点在过去 动作一直持续 的现在完成时的句子中 谓语动词须为持续性动词持续性动词 请先比较下面两句句子 I have bought a new car 我买了一辆新车 I have had the car for three months 这辆车我买了三个月了 拥有 在第一句句子中 bought 是 buy 的过去分词 buy 是瞬间性动词 不能用于表示持续的含义 所 以在第二句句子中 我们不能用 buy 来代替 have 这个持续性动词 又如 My elder brother has joined the army 我哥哥参军了 My elder brother has been in the army for a year 我哥哥已经参军一年了 Mary has borrowed a Harry Potter book 玛丽借了一本 哈利 波特 的书 Mary has kept the Harry Potter book since last Friday 从上周五起 玛丽就借了这本 哈利 波特 的书 A2 The present perfect tense 说到 e g Did she mention the time of the meeting 提示 mention 有如下的常见用法 a don t mention it 不客气 用于礼貌地回复别人的道谢 Thank you for all your help 多谢你帮忙 Don t mention it 不用客气 b not to mention 更不用说 用于强调 This is a great habitat for birds not to mention other wildlife 这是鸟类极好的栖息地 更不用说其 他野生动物了 4 mind n 头脑 大脑 All kinds of thoughts are running through my mind 我的脑海里闪现出各种念头 提示 mind 用作名词时 还可以表示 思想 想法 智力 记忆力 等 常见的含有 mind 的短语有 change one s mind 改变主意 make up one s mind 下定决心 keep something in mind 记住某事 come to mind 突然想起 等 链接 mind v 介意 e g Would you mind closing the door 5 silly adj 可笑的 I will not wear that hat I d look silly in it 提示 silly 还可表示 愚蠢的 傻的 之意 Don t be so silly 别这么傻 I ve made a very silly mistake 反义 sensible 理智的 clever smart wise 等 6 worth adj 值得 有价值 worth 在句中一般作表语 当 worth 用作表语时 不能单独使用 其后通常接名词 Ving 形式等 但不能接动词不定式 有时也可用作后置定语 如 a place worth seeing 值得一看的地方 等 常用的句式有 a 主语 be worth 名词 This country is worth a visit 这个国家值得游览 His words are worth notice 他的话值得引起注意 b 主语 be worth Ving 形式 此时 句子的主语就是 worth 之后 Ving 形式的逻辑宾语 This book is worth reading 这本书值得一读 He isn t worth getting angry with 注意 Ving 形式之后的介词不可省去 c It 形式主语 be 十 worth Ving 形式 It isn t worth repairing the bike Is it worth visiting the city 一般来说 worth 前面可用 well really very much 等词修饰 但不用 very 修饰 This is really worth trying 这确实值得一试 This film is well worth watching 这部电影很值得一看 请比较 This book is worth reading It is worth reading this book This book is well worth reading Reading this book is worth This book is worth being read This book is very worth reading 此外 worth 还有如下用法 表示 值 多少钱 的意思 其后主要接 数字类的词语 如 This wallet is worth 100yuan This painting is worth a fortune 这幅画价值连城 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手 谚语 表示 拥有 价值 的财产 的意思 了解即可 He is worth a million dollars 他拥有百万家产 7 trouble c 困难 近义词 difficulty n 困难 Mary had trouble solving this difficult Maths problem trouble 常用于以下结构或句型中 a have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难 We had no trouble finding his office b have trouble with 有 问题 He is having trouble with his teeth 他正牙疼 The man often has trouble with his wife 这个人经常同妻子闹矛盾 c The trouble is that 麻烦是 困难在于 The trouble is that we don t know his address 问题是我们不知道他的地址 链接 trouble v 使烦恼 麻烦 What is troubling you 你为何事而心烦呢 May I trouble you to pass me the salt please 请把盐递给我好吗 8 step n 步骤 She is not satisfied with her life now and wishes to take steps to improve it 对 不满意 希望能采取措 施加以改善 step 还有如下的常见含义 a 表示 步 一步 She walked a few steps further 她继续走了几步 b 表示 阶梯 台阶 These stone steps lead to the beach 这些石阶通向沙滩 9 cycle n 循环 Can you tell us the steps of the water cycle 水循环的各个步骤 提示 cycle 还可以在口语中指代 bicycle bike motorcycle motorbike 等车辆 链接 cycle v 骑 自行车 go cycling 去踩单车 10 mile 英里 英美的度量单位 知识拓展 常见的计量单位小结 长度 metre 米 kilometer mile foot 英尺 inch 英寸 重量 gram 克 kilogram pound 磅 句型详解句型详解 1 A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind 在这个句子中 有两处使用了动词不定式 第一个动词不定式作 way 的后置定语 修饰 way 其作 用相当于一个形容词 第二个动词不定式位于 be 动词之后 是句子的表语 This is an exciting game to remember to remember 作 game 的定语 My dream is to be an engineer to be an engineer 是表语 2 For example to remember the word smiles we can imagine there is a mile between the first lett er and the last letter 本句中也使用了动词不定式 to remember the word smiles 意为 为了记住 smiles 这个单词 作句子的目的状语 To make a chocolate cake we need some flour eggs butter and chocolate powder to make a Chocolate cake 解释了需要这些材料的目的 因此是目的状语 between and 在在 和和 之间之间 Li Ping sits between Wei Fang and Wang Hai Between the bookshop and the hospital is our school You can come here between 8 00 and 9 00 3 This makes it the longest word in the world make 宾语 名词 的结构常用于表示 使 成为 的意思 We made him captain of the football team 我们推选他为足球队队长 I want to make teaching my future career 我想把教书作为我的未来职业 4 A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word for remembering the spelling of a word 是介词短语作后置定语的用法 用来修饰 method 可以改写为 动词不定式的形式 即 a good method to remember the spelling of a word 又如 The boy in blue is my younger brother 穿蓝衣服的男孩是我弟弟 in blue 修饰 the boy 作后置定语 The book by my father is my favourite 我父亲写的这本书是我的最爱 by my father 修饰 the book 作后置定语 5 However it is easier to remember these steps if you understand how the water cycle works 但是 如果你知道水循环是如何进行的 那你就能更容易地记住这些步骤 句型 It is easy to do sth 做某事是 的 其中 it 为形式主语 to do sth 为真正主语 e g It is polite to remember others name 句型拓展 It is adj for sb to do sth 该句型不含有 sb is adj 的意思 e g It isn t difficult for you to learn English if you spend time on it It is adj of sb to do sth 该句型含有 sb is adj 的意思 本句型的形容词有 right wrong wise kind good foolish clever nice e g It is of you to speak to your parents like that 本句中的 work 是动词 意为 运转 运行 The phone is not working 这部电话机坏了 How does the brain work 大脑是如何运转的 Unit 7 Memory Grammar Conditional sentences 条件句条件句 Part One if 条件句条件句 在本单元的 Grammar 板块 我们将学习另一种 if 条件句 并复习我们在七年级上册中已经学习 过的 if 条件句 1 条件句条件句 1 请看下面的例子 If 从句 一般现在时 主句 一般现在时 If you cool steam it turns into water 这句句子所表达的含义是 Every time you cool steam it turns into water 我们用我们用 if 从句 一般现在时 从句 一般现在时 主句 一般现在时 主句 一般现在时 的条件句来表达真理或事实 的条件句来表达真理或事实 又如 If we don t water a flower it dies Every time we don t water a flower it dies 如果我们不浇花 它就会枯死 If you drop a vase it breaks 如果你把花瓶摔了 它就会碎 主句也可以放在 if 从句前 这时两个分句间没有逗号 如 Ice becomes water if you heat it 如果给冰加热 冰就会变成水 2 条件句条件句 2 复习 复习 在七年级上册第六单元的 Grammar 板块中 我们已经学习了结构为 主句用一般将来时 if 从句 用一般现在时 的 if 条件句来谈论可能发生的事件 从句部分的一般现在时一般现在时用于表述将来可能发生 的动作或情况 主句部分的一般将未时表述条件成立时可能产生的结果 If 从句 一般现在时 从句 一般现在时 主句 一般将来时 主句 一般将来时 If we don t hurry we won t finish the work on time If we go by bus it will be cheaper If you don t hurry you ll miss the train 我们同样可以将 if 从句放在主句后 You ll miss the train if you don t hurry It will be cheaper if we go by bus 这类这类 if 条件句的主句部分还可以用祈使句 如 条件句的主句部分还可以用祈使句 如 If it s cold later tonight take your coat with you Don t wait for me if I m late 这类这类 if 条件句的主句部分还可以用情态动词 如 条件句的主句部分还可以用情态动词 如 I may buy a car if I pass my driving test If you go to another country you must obey the local laws Part Two if not 与与 unless 的用法的用法 1 连词 unless 意为 除非 否则 用来引导否定意义的条件句 unless 引导条件句时 主要用于下列情况 1 主句为肯定句 如 You will miss the bus unless you hurry up You ll fail your Chemistry test again unless you work harder 2 主句为否定句或含有表示否定意义的词 如 Unless you are friendly to people you won t get on well with them 与人相处得好 You will never get anywhere unless you set your goal 2 unless 在意义上可以理解为 if not 在有些情况下两者可以互换使用 如 I can t see unless I wear glasses I can t see if I don t wear glasses Unless you can pay your bills you ll have to leave If you can t pay your bills you ll have to leave 从上面的例子可以看出 由于 unles