M2U1GrammarSs.doc

Module 2 Unit 1 Grammar and UsageLearning aims:Learn the grammar Present perfect tense and Present perfect continuous tense.Learning important points:1. Learn how to form and use the present perfect tense.2. Understand when the present perfect continuous tense is used in sentences.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead- inGo over the newspaper article on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense. Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.Step 2 Present perfect tense1. The form of the present perfect tense: have / has done. E.g. I _(study) English since 2006. He _(not disappoint) his parents.2. Talk about the uses of the present perfect tense. A. 继续 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常与包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today,thismorning,thesedays,recently等；也与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间等时间状语连用。 自从2008年我学英语的。_ 我当了两个月的老师了。 _ B. 结果 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. I have just washed my hands. She has just had her breakfast. He has lost his English book. C. 经验 表示从过去到现在之间经历过的事情，也可以表示从过去某一时间到现在这段时间中反复发生的动作,常和often，never，ever，twice，before等连用。 我曾经去过长城两次。_ 这支笔我只用过三次。_ Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.1) Someone _(break) the window.2) I _ (read) this book three times.3) I _ (not see) him since last Friday night. 现在完成时的用法：形式用法意义继续结果经验 3. 用于现在完成时中的时间状语 1)表示包括现在在内的一段时间的时间状语 until now, up to now, so far, recently, today, this morning/week/year, etc 2)表示频率的时间状语 always, often, never, ever, five times, etc 3)表示不确定的过去时间状语 before，already, yet E.g. 自那以后，它养成了另一个坏习惯。 从那时候起我就再没见过他。 至今他已经读过很多故事书。 至今我去过美国三次了。 Consolidation Exercise: Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.(1) We (study) English for about five years.(2) They (live) in the south since their daughter was born.(3) I (read) your article three times. Its well written.(4) The student (finish) her homework already.(5) Eric (go) back to his hometown. 4. 注意点： 1)现在完成时不能单独与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday , last (morning、afternoon)等。 He has seen this film yesterday. He has already seen this film . 2) 短暂性动词与持续性动词 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,know,keep,have,wait,watch,read,sleep,live,stay等。 短暂性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive, buy ,leave,move,borrow等。 常见短暂性动词和延续性动词的转变: arrive/come/go to die become a borrow leave/ move buy open close start/begin finish/ end E.g. 他们自从1990年就住在这。 在过去的50年里美国发生了什么事？ 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, begin等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 E.g. 他们离开这里2年了。 They have left here for 2 years. They _ from here for 2 years. 汤姆的爷爷过世5年了。 Toms grandpa has died for 5 years. Toms grandpa _ for 5 years. Toms grandpa _ 5 years ago. It is 5 years since Toms grandpa _. Five years _(pass) since grandpa _(die). 3) 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作. E.g. 我做完作业就去你家。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. 4) have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示 have / has gone (to) 表示某人 E.g. He has been to Beijing. He has gone to Beijing. 5. 用于现在完成时的句型 1) It is the first / second , etc, + time. that+现在完成时。 It is the first time that I _(visit) the city. It was the third time that the boy _(be) late. 2) This is the+ 序数词/最高级+ that+现在完成时. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 这是我第一次听到他唱歌。 考题链接 -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 6. since的用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 我自从1989年以来就在这。_ 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 自从你离开后，这儿发生了巨大变化。 _ since you left. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since he _(graduate). 注意：It is +一段时间+ since+ +瞬间动词的过去式 “自从以来有多长时间了” It is two years since he graduated. It is +一段时间+ since+ +延续动词的过去式 “自从不以来有多长时间了” It is two years since he lived here. 7. 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作,不强调对现在的影响；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时 间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film. She returned yesterday. She has returned from Paris.Step 3 Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Step 4 Present perfect continuous tense1. The form of the present perfect continuous tense: have / has been doing2. Talk about the uses of the present perfect continuous tense 现在完成进行时表示从以前某段时间起到现在一直进行的动作,可能已完成,也可能还在继续,强调动作的持续性。-You look so tired, Mary!-I _(clean) the room all the morning. I _ since I returned home. 我回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好。 他看了一天电视了。 这工作他已干了三年了。 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨.Step 5 Consolidation 【课堂检测】1. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain2. Tom in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working3. In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced4. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from China.A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received6. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it landB. has it landed C. will it landD. had it landed7. His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received8. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns. A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised 10. -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming11. Will you attend the press meeting to be held this afternoon? But I _ anything about it. A. wouldnt be toldB. am not told C. havent toldD. havent been told12. You look so young. Havent you graduated from your university? Yes, I _ in the English Department of Shandong University for four years. A. studied B. study C. had studied D. was studying13. Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes, we should, for we _ such bad luck up till now, and time _ out. A. have had; is running B. had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run14. Why are you looking so worried? I sent an email to my son in America last week, but no reply _. A. was receivedB. had received C. has receivedD. has been received 15. -The window is dirty. -I dont know.