《经济学英语》期末考试试卷

1 贵州财经学院贵州财经学院 2010 20112010 2011 学年第一学期学年第一学期 150205 经济学英语经济学英语 期末考试试卷期末考试试卷 学号学号 姓名姓名 班级班级 成绩成绩 Translate the following terms 15 1 货币制度 a money system 2 汇率 foreign exchange rate 3 销售税 sales tax 4 年增长率 an annual growth rate 5 供给曲线 supply curve 6 均衡价格 equilibrium price 7 最高限价 price ceilings 8 供给规律 law of supply 9 individual supply 个人供给 10 market supply 市场价格 11 quantity supplied 供给量 12 neoliberal school 新自由主义 13 macroeconomics and microeconomics 宏观和微观经济学 14 government policy 政府政策 15 economics literature 经济学文献 Put the following words in a logical order to a form a definition to the underline words 15 1 a capitalist system describes in which an economic system the factors of production are privately owned and business is operated on a free enterprise basis A capitalist system describes an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and business is operated on a free enterprise basis 2 a socialist system an economic system describes in which are many of the factors of production by the society itself owned to make the distribution of 2 income more equal and where there is an attempt A socialist system describes an economic system in which many of the factors of production are owned by the society itself and where there is an attempt to make the distribution of income more equal 3 resources refer to to produce used goods and services persons and things they are can and limited in amount be classified into four groups labor capital land and entrepreneurship Resources refer to persons and things used to produce goods and services They are limited in amount and can be classified into four groups labor capital land and entrepreneurship 4 labor all human effort both going into the production of goods and includes services physical and mental Labor includes all human effort both physical and mental going into the production of goods and services 5 capital refers to items such as machinery equipment and all other goods computers office furniture that are used in the production of goods and services Capital refers to items such as machinery equipment computers office furniture and all other goods that are used in the production of goods and services Translate the following sentences 20 1 It has become increasingly clear that the United States must find methods to control inflation probably the single problem that most worries the average American President Jimmy Carter noted that inflation is the cruelest tax that anyone can pay Many people agree with that sentiment arguing that the persistent decline in the dollar s purchasing power hurts people directly because products cost more and also causes a kind of psychological damage Recent polls have shown that the average American far from being optimistic expects prices to rise to ever higher rates In the short run this has caused consumers to maintain their levels of spending with the conviction that it is better to buy this year rather than next But the question is how long can this go on 越来越明显的是 美国必须找到控制通货膨胀的方法 也许通货膨胀是一般美国人最 担忧的问题 卡特总统曾指出 通货膨胀是每个人付出的最苛刻的捐税 许多人具有 同感 他们认为由于产品价格的提高 美元购买力的持续下降直接损害了人民 而且 3 给人们造成了一种心理上的创伤 最近进行的民意测验表明 一般美国人并不乐观 他们预料价格还将上涨更高 从近期看 由于消费者认为今年买比明年更好 他们还 能够维持目前的消费水平 但问题是这种情况能持续多久呢 2 In a planned economy the first economic decision what should be produced is made by the planning authority The types as well as the amounts of goods and services to be produced are decided by administrative command in order to accomplish the stated objectives of the plan Planners through their value judgments determine whether and how many cars buses stoves submarines shoes and other items are to be produced For example if the planning authority feels that resources that could be used for assembling television sets are needed for computers then fewer television sets are produced regardless of how much they are in demand If the planners determine that every household should have a television set then forces will be set into motion to accomplish that objective 在计划经济下 最基本的经济决策 即应该生产什么 是由计划当局来决定的 为了 达到预定的计划 由行政机构决定生产的产品和提供的服务的类型和数量 通过他们 的判断 计划者决定是否生产以及生产多少汽车 公共汽车 炉灶 潜水艇 鞋子及 其他产品 例如 如果计划当局认为生产计算机要用装配电视机的原材料 那么无论 电视机的需求量有多大 其生产的数量都会减少 但是如果计划当局认为每家每户都 应该有一部电视机 则他们就会加大力度去完成目标 3 稀缺是经济学产生的原因 所谓稀缺 就是指没有而且从来也不会有足够的 产品和服务能够满足每个人 每个家庭和社会的需要 稀缺的存在 使得个人 和社会必须作出选择或决定 这就使得经济学有了另一个定义 经济学是研究 在稀缺世界中进行选择的科学 Economics exists because there is scarcity Scarcity means that there are not enough nor can there ever be enough goods and services to satisfy the wants and needs of all individuals families and societies Scarcity forces individuals and societies to make choices or decisions This gives rise to an alternative definition of economics that is economics is the study of decisionmaking in a world of scarcity 4 美国的经济被称为是一种混合经济 基本上依靠市场和个人决策 政府相对 起着次要但又很重要的作用 通过集中观察两项重要的进步 一是 18 19 世纪 发生在英格兰和苏格兰的变革 二是美国发生的重大历史事件 我们可以理解 美国的经济是如何发展演变到今天的这种形式的 The U S economy has been described as a mixed economic system basically 4 dependent on markets and individual decisionmaking with a lesser but important role played by government The evolution of the U S economy into its present form can be understood by focusing oil two important sets of developments The first occurred in England and Scotlamd in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the second involved major historical events in the United States Fill in the blanks with the words given below Change the form when necessary 20 maximize access retaliate decrease matter run underlie weaken gain construct 1 Because economic conditions are always changing the assumptions that theories must be carefully evaluated underlie 2 Some people thought that it was hard to find a job because the economy in general had weakened 3 In short the task of economic theory is to bring order to the complexity in which the decisions are made and to a clear concept of some of the basic relationships in the economy gain 4 Whether an assumption is true does not within the context of a theory matter 5 Often a theory is to find an explanation for something constructed 6 Several years ago the Chinese didn t need to have to the Internet or a laptop computer access 7 Because of our limited resources we need to make choices that will our satisfaction maximize 8 Sometimes scholarly publications devote many pages to disputes between practitioners in the field running 9 The policy to slow sales of foreign cars could improve U S car sales and employment for autoworkers but foreign nations could by taxing products the U S exports thus decreasing employment in a different industry retaliate 10 Economists may get the conclusion that consumers will the quantity of an item as the price rises by studying the relationship between the economic variables decrease complete the following sentences with appropriate prepositions 10 5 1 A policy is designed to discourage Americans buying foreign cars by increasing the tariff imposed vehicles as they enter the U S 2 The framework a model includes several elements the variables to be explored assumptions the model data collection and analysis and conclusions 3 A policymaker should select a course of action the basis of both the problem to be solved and the consequences resulting the chosen policy 4 In exploring reasons a slow growing economy some economists focus the relationship between the money supply and growth 5 Before committing a course of action a person should order and understand the basic relationships which he or she is dealing with 1 from on 2 of concerning 3 on from 4 for on 5 to with Describe how to construct an economic theory 10 To construct all economic theory economists often explore it within the framework of a model This model framework consists of four elements the variables to be explored assumptions concerning the model data collection and analysis and conclusions Usually in analyzing a problem economists wilI choose two variables which have a cause and effect relationship Then economists will make assumptions Frequently everything except variables is assumed constant Once an