无攀爬式全自动高空接线机器人结构设计（全套含CAD图纸）
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THEROBOT1THEROLEOFROBOTS”THEROLEOFROBOTSISAHIGHLEVELINTEGRATIONOFCONTROLTHEORY,ROBOTICS,MACHINERYANDELECTRONICS,COMPUTERS,MATERIALSANDBIONICPRODUCTININDUSTRY,MEDICINE,AGRICULTURE,CONSTRUCTIONANDEVENTHEMILITARYHAVEIMPORTANTAPPLICATIONSINSUCHAREASNOW,THEINTERNATIONALCONCEPTOFROBOTSHASBEENGRADUALLYAPPROACHINGTHESAMEINGENERAL,PEOPLECANACCEPTTHECLAIMTHATTHEROBOTISCONTROLLEDBYITSOWNPOWERANDABILITYTOACHIEVETHEVARIOUSFUNCTIONSOFAMACHINETHEUNITEDNATIONSORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONADOPTEDBYTHEAMERICANFEDERATIONOFROBOTICSTOTHEROBOTUNDERTHEDEFINITION“APROGRAMMABLEANDVERSATILE,USEDTOMOVEMATERIALS,PARTS,TOOLS,OPERATINGMACHINESORTOPERFORMDIFFERENTTASKSHAVETOCHANGEANDPROGRAMMABLEACTIONSPECIALIZEDSYSTEMS2EVALUATIONCRITERIACAPACITYOFEVALUATIONCRITERIAROBOTCAPABILITYEVALUATIONCRITERIAINCLUDEINTELLIGENCE,REFERSTOFEELINGSANDPERCEPTIONS,INCLUDINGMEMORY,CALCULATION,COMPARISON,IDENTIFICATION,JUDGING,DECISIONMAKING,LEARNINGANDLOGICALREASONING,ETCFUNCTION,REFERSTOFLEXIBILITY,VERSATILITYORSPACEOCCUPIED,ETCPHYSICSCANBEMEANSTHEPOWER,SPEED,CONTINUOUSOPERATIONCAPABILITY,RELIABILITY,COMBINEDWITHNATURE,LIFEANDSOONTHEREFORE,ITCANBESAIDROBOTISABIOLOGICALFUNCTIONOFTHREEDIMENSIONALCOORDINATESOFTHEMACHINE3COMPOSITIONOFTHEROBOTTHECOMPOSITIONOFTHEROBOTROBOTSINGENERALBYTHEEXECUTINGAGENCY,DRIVES,DETECTIONDEVICESANDCONTROLSYSTEM,ETCIMPLEMENTINGAGENCY,THEROBOTBODY,THEBUTTOCKSGENERALLYUSETHESPACEFOROPENCHAINLINKAGES,THEMOVEMENTOFWHICHTHEDEPUTYROTATEORMOVETHEDEPUTYVICEOFTENREFERREDTOASJOINTS,ANDJOINTSSHALLBETHENUMBEROFROBOTSAREUSUALLYAFEWDEGREESOFFREEDOMACCORDINGTOJOINTCONFIGURATIONTYPESANDTHEDIFFERENTFORMSOFMOVEMENTCOORDINATES,THEROBOTIMPLEMENTINGAGENCIESCANBEDIVIDEDINTORECTANGULARTYPE,CYLINDRICALCOORDINATETYPE,POLARCOORDINATETYPEANDOTHERTYPESOFJOINTCOORDINATETYPEFORANTHROPOMORPHICCONSIDERATIONS,OFTENTHERELEVANTPARTSOFTHEROBOTBODYAREKNOWNASTHEBASE,WAIST,ARM,WRIST,HANDGRIPPERORENDEFFECTORANDTHEMINISTRYOFWALKINGFORMOBILEROBOT,ETCDRIVEDEVICEISDRIVENBYMOVEMENTOFTHEBODYIMPLEMENTINGAGENCIES,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEDIRECTIVESISSUEDBYTHESIGNALCONTROLSYSTEM,BYMEANSOFDYNAMICCOMPONENTS,THEROBOTACTIONISNEEDEDITISTHEINPUTSIGNAL,THEOUTPUTISTHELINE,THEAMOUNTOFANGULARDISPLACEMENTDRIVEROBOTISMAINLYUSEDINELECTRICDRIVES,SUCHASSTEPPERMOTORS,SERVOMOTORS,ETCINADDITION,THEREISALSOHYDRAULIC,PNEUMATIC,ETCDRIVESDETECTINGDEVICEISTHEROLEOFREALTIMEDETECTIONROBOTSMOVEMENTANDWORKOFTHEREQUIREDFEEDBACKTOTHECONTROLSYSTEM,COMPAREDWITHTHECONFIGURATIONINFORMATION,THERIGHTTOADJUSTTHEIMPLEMENTINGAGENCIESTOENSURETHEROBOTSMOVEMENTSTOMEETTHEINTENDEDREQUIREMENTSASASENSORDETECTINGDEVICECANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESONEISINTERNALINFORMATIONSENSORSFORDETECTINGTHEINTERNALSITUATIONINVARIOUSPARTSOFROBOTS,SUCHASTHEJOINTPOSITION,VELOCITY,ACCELERATION,ETC,ANDTHEMEASUREDINFORMATIONASAFEEDBACKTHESIGNALSENTTOTHECONTROLLER,TOFORMACLOSEDLOOPCONTROLTHEOTHERISEXTERNALINFORMATIONSENSORS,USEDTOOBTAININFORMATIONABOUTTHEOPERATIONOFROBOTSANDOTHEROBJECTSANDEXTERNALENVIRONMENTOFINFORMATION,SOTHATTHEROBOTMOVESTOADAPTTOCHANGINGCIRCUMSTANCES,SOTHATTOACHIEVEAHIGHERLEVELOFAUTOMATION,EVENTHEMACHINEPERSONHASACERTAIN“FEEL“TOTHEINTELLIGENTDEVELOPMENT,SUCHASVISUAL,SOUNDANDOTHEREXTERNALSENSORSSENSEGIVENOBJECTOFWORK,INFORMATIONABOUTTHEWORKINGENVIRONMENT,THEUSEOFSUCHINFORMATIONCONSTITUTESAMAJORFEEDBACKLOOP,WHICHWILLGREATLYENHANCETHEWORKOFTHEROBOTACCURACYCONTROLSYSTEMINTWOWAYSONEISTHECENTRALIZEDCONTROL,THATIS,THEROBOTSCONTROLBYAMICROCOMPUTERTOCOMPLETETHEOTHERISDECENTRALIZEDLEVELTYPECONTROL,WHICHUSESMULTIPLECOMPUTERSTOSHARETHECONTROLOFROBOTS,SUCHASWHENUSINGTHEUPPERANDLOWERTWOCOMPUTERSTOGETHERTOCOMPLETETHEROBOTCONTROL,THEHOSTOFTENUSEDFORSYSTEMMANAGEMENT,COMMUNICATION,KINEMATICSANDDYNAMICSCALCULATIONS,TOSENDCOMMANDSTOTHELOWERLEVELCOMPUTERINFORMATIONASAJUNIORFROMTHEMACHINE,THEJOINTSCORRESPONDINGTOACPU,FORINTERPOLATIONANDSERVOCONTROLPROCESSINGOPERATIONSTOACHIEVEAGIVENMOVEMENT,TOTHEHOSTFEEDBACKACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTOPERATIONALMISSIONREQUIREMENTS,THEROBOTCONTROLMODECANBEDIVIDEDINTOPOINTTOPOINTCONTROL,CONTINUOUSPATHCONTROLANDFORCETORQUECONTROL4HISTORYOFROBOTSROBOTHISTORY1920CZECHOSLOVAKIAWRITERKARELCAPEKINHISSCIFINOVEL“ROSSUMSUNIVERSALROBOTSCOMPANY“,ACCORDINGTOROBOTACZECH,INTENDEDTO“LABOR,SLAVELABOR“ANDROBOTNIKPOLISH,THEORIGINALINTENTAS“WORKERS“,TOCREATEA“ROBOT“ISTHEWORDWORLDEXPO1939INNEWYORKONDISPLAYATTHEWESTINGHOUSEELECTRICCOMPANYMANUFACTUREDHOMEROBOTELEKTROITISCONTROLLEDBYACABLE,YOUCANWALK,SAY77WORDS,OREVENSMOKE,BUTSTILLFARFROMTHEREALCHORESBUTITGIVEPEOPLEAVISIONOFDOMESTICROBOTSTOBECOMEMORESPECIFICASIMOVSCIFIMASTERS1942,THEUNITEDSTATESPUTFORWARDTHE“THREELAWSOFROBOTICS“ALTHOUGHTHISISONLYTHECREATIONOFSCIENCEFICTION,BUTLATERBECAMETHEPRINCIPLEOFACADEMICRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTBYDEFAULTIN1948NORBERTWEINERPUBLISHEDIN“CONTROLTHEORY“TOEXPLAINTHEMACHINEINTHECOMMUNICATIONANDCONTROLFUNCTIONANDTHENERVOUS,SENSORYFUNCTIONOFTHECOMMONLAW,FIRSTPROPOSEDASTHECOREOFCOMPUTERAUTOMATEDFACTORY1954,AMERICANGEORGEDWYERCREATEDTHEWORLDSFIRSTPROGRAMMABLEROBOTANDREGISTEREDPATENTSTHISMECHANICALHANDINACCORDANCEWITHDIFFERENTPROGRAMSINDIFFERENTJOBS,SOHASTHEVERSATILITYANDFLEXIBILITY1956DARTMOUTHMEETINGMARVINMINSKYHASMADEHISVIEWSONINTELLIGENTMACHINESSMARTMACHINE“TOCREATEANABSTRACTMODELOFTHESURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT,IFYOUENCOUNTERPROBLEMS,FROMABSTRACTMODELTOFINDASOLUTION“THISDEFINITIONAFFECTSTHESUBSEQUENT30YEARSOFINTELLIGENTROBOTRESEARCHDIRECTIONDWYERANDTHEUNITEDSTATESIN1959,INVENTORJOSEPHINGEBORGJOINEDHANDSTOCREATETHEFIRSTINDUSTRIALROBOTSUBSEQUENTLY,THEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEWORLDSFIRSTAROBOTMANUFACTURINGPLANTUNIMATIONCOMPANYASINGEBORGRGERMANCL289FRANCES“REDFALCON“CRECERELLES,“HUNTER“,ANDTHEUNITEDKINGDOMS“PHOENIX“PHOENIXANDOTHERUNMANNEDAERIALVEHICLESUAVINTHEKOSOVOWAR,SOMEOFTHEMAJORCOMPLETEDTHEFOLLOWINGTASKSLOWALTITUDERECONNAISSANCEANDBATTLEFIELDSURVEILLANCE,ELECTRONICINTERFERENCE,VICTORIESASSESSMENT,TARGETING,WEATHERDATACOLLECTION,DISTRIBUTIONOFLEAFLETS,ANDRESCUEPILOT,ANDSOONTHEKOSOVOWARHASNOTONLYGREATLYINCREASEDTHEUAVSPOSITIONINTHEWAR,BUTALSOAROUSEDTHEATTENTIONOFGOVERNMENTSONTHEUAVUSSENATEARMEDSERVICESCOMMITTEEREQUESTEDTHATTHEMILITARYSHOULDBEPREPAREDTO10YEARS,ASUFFICIENTNUMBEROFUNMANNEDSYSTEMSTOLOWALTITUDEATTACKAIRCRAFTINONETHIRDOFUAVS15YEARS,ONETHIRDOFGROUNDCOMBATVEHICLESUNMANNEDSYSTEMSSHOULDBEINTHISISNOTTOUSEUNMANNEDAIRCRAFTTOREPLACETHEPILOTANDITWAS,BUTSOMEPEOPLEUSETHEMTOADDTHECAPACITYOFTHEAIRCRAFTINORDERTOHIGHRISKTASKSTOMINIMIZEUSEOFTHEPILOTUAVSDEVELOPMENTWILLACCELERATETHETHEORYOFMODERNWARFAREANDUNMANNEDWARFARESYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT62SPECIALFEATURESROBOTSPECIALFEATUREOFTHEROBOTMACHINEPOLICETHESOCALLEDMILITARYROBOTSONTHEGROUNDISUSEDONTHEGROUNDROBOTSYSTEM,THEYARENOTONLYINTIMESOFPEACECANHELPPOLICERULEOUTBOMBTOCOMPLETETHETASKSHOULDBETOTHESECURITYINWARTIMECANBEREPLACEDBYSOLDIERSOFMINE,RECONNAISSANCEANDATTACKAVARIETYOFTASKSSUCHASTODAY,THEUNITEDSTATES,BRITAIN,GERMANY,FRANCE,JAPANANDOTHERCOUNTRIESHAVEDEVELOPEDVARIOUSTYPESOFGROUNDMILITARYROBOTSBRITAINS“TROLLEY“ROBOTINWESTERNCOUNTRIES,TERRORISMHASALWAYSBEENONETOMAKETHEHEADACHEPROBLEMTHEUNITEDKINGDOMDUETOETHNICCONFLICTS,SUFFERINGFROMTHETHREATOFEXPLOSIVES,SOASEARLYAS60YEARSONTHESUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENTOFEODROBOTBRITISHDEVELOPEDCRAWLERSTYLE“TROLLEYS“AND“SUPERCART“EODROBOT,HASMORETHAN50COUNTRIESANDPOLICEAGENCIESHASSOLDMORETHAN800UNITSRECENTLY,BRITAINHASINTURNTROLLEYROBOTTOBEOPTIMIZED,PRAIRIEDOGSANDBISONHAVEDEVELOPEDTWOKINDSOFREMOTECONTROLELECTRICEODROBOT,THEBRITISHROYALENGINEERSINBOSNIAHERZEGOVINAANDKOSOVOAREUSINGTHEMTODETECTANDDEALWITHEXPLOSIVESPRAIRIEDOGSWEIGH35KILOGRAMS,THEMASTISEQUIPPEDWITHTWOCAMERASBISONWEIGHEDABOUT210KILOGRAMSANDCANCARRY100KGOFLOADBOTHUSERADIOCONTROLSYSTEM,REMOTECONTROLDISTANCEOFABOUT1KM“PRAIRIEDOG“AND“MAVERICK“ANDEODROBOTINADDITIONTOABOMBPLANTEDBYTERRORISTSOUTSIDETHEWARTORNCOUNTRIESINMANYOFTHEWORLD,ANDEVERYWHEREAVARIETYOFSCATTEREDUNEXPLODEDMUNITIONSFOREXAMPLE,INKUWAITAFTERTHEGULFWARASANAMMUNITIONDEPOTCOULDEXPLODEATANYTIMEINTHEIRAQKUWAITBORDEROVER10,000SQUAREKILOMETERAREA,THEREARE16COUNTRIESMANUFACTUREOF25MILLIONMINES,85MILLIONROUNDSOFAMMUNITION,ANDTHEMULTINATIONALFORCESDROPPEDBOMBSANDCLUSTERBOMBSMINESOF25MILLIONBULLETS,OFWHICHATLEAST20NOEXPLOSIONANDNOW,EVENINMANYCOUNTRIESTHEREISRESIDUALINTHEFIRSTWORLDWARANDWORLDWARIIUNEXPLODEDBOMBSANDLANDMINESTHEREFORE,EXPLOSIVEORDNANCEDISPOSALROBOTISAGREATDEMANDWHEELEDROBOTWITHTHEREMOVALOFEXPLOSIVEDEVICESANDTRACKED,ANDTHEYAREGENERALLYSMALLSIZE,STEERINGAFLEXIBLE,EASYTOWORKINASMALLSPACE,THEOPERATORCANBEAFEWHUNDREDMETERSTOSEVERALKILOMETERSAWAYTHROUGHRADIOOROPTICALCONTROLOFTHEIRACTIVITIESROBOTCARSGENERALCOLORCCDCAMERAISEQUIPPEDWITHMULTIPLEPAIRSOFEXPLOSIVESUSEDFOROBSERVATIONMORETHANONEDEGREEOFFREEDOMMANIPULATOR,WITHITSGRIPPERORCLAMPMAYBEEXPLOSIVES,FUSESORDETONATORSSCREWEDDOWN,ANDTOTRANSPORTEXPLOSIVESWALKINGCARWASALSOEQUIPPEDWITHSHOTGUNS,USINGALASERPOINTERAIMEDAT,ITCANBETOTHETIMINGDEVICEANDDETONATINGEXPLOSIVEDEVICESTODESTROYSOMEROBOTISEQUIPPEDWITHHIGHPRESSUREWATERGUN,YOUCANCUTEXPLOSIVESGERMANYSEODROBOTINFRANCE,THEAIRFORCE,ARMYANDPOLICEDEPARTMENTHAVEPURCHASEDCYBERNETICSDEVELOPEDTRS200MEDIUMSIZEDCOMPANIESEODROBOTDMSROBOTSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDRM35PARISAIRPORTAUTHORITYSELECTEDGERMANPEACEKEEPERSINBOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINAEQUIPPEDTELEROBTEAMRETURNEDTHECOMPANYSMV4SERIESOFROBOTSDEVELOPEDBYTHESHENYANGINSTITUTEOFAUTOMATIONOFCHINASPXJ2ROBOTHASJOINEDTHERANKSOFSECURITYFORCESUSREMOTECSANDROSSERIESOFROBOTSWEREWELCOMEDBYNATIONALUNIFORMEDSERVICES,THEWHITEHOUSEANDCONGRESSIONALBUILDINGS,POLICESTATIONSHAVETOBUYTHISROBOTBEFORETHEPRESIDENTIALELECTIONINSOUTHAFRICA,THEPOLICEBOUGHTAFOURANDROSVIAROBOTS,THEYAREINTHEELECTORALPROCESSCARRIEDOUTINATOTALOF100MULTIPLETASKSANDROSROBOTCANBEUSEDFORSMALLSCALERANDOMEXPLOSIVEORDNANCEDISPOSAL,ITISTHEUSAIRFORCEAIRCRAFTANDPASSENGERCARSFORUSEONLYROBOTSAFTERTHEGULFWAR,THEUSNAVYHASUSEDSUCHAROBOTINSAUDIARABIAANDKUWAITAIRFORCEBASEINCLEARINGMINESANDUNEXPLODEDORDNANCEUSAIRFORCEALSOSENTFIVESETSANDROSROBOTTOKOSOVO,FORTHECLEANUPOFEXPLOSIVESANDSUBSHELLSEACHACTIVEDUTYAIRFORCEEXPLOSIVESDISPOSALTEAMANDAIRRESCUECENTERSAREEQUIPPEDWITHAANDROSVIEODROBOTDEVELOPEDINCHINAEODROBOTCANNOTONLYRULEOUTTHEBOMBS,RECONNAISSANCESENSORSCANALSOUSEITTOMONITORTHEACTIVITIESOFCRIMINALSSURVEILLANCEPERSONNELINTHEFARRIGHTCRIMINALSDAYANDNIGHTTOOBSERVE,LISTENTOTHEIRCONVERSATION,DONOTEXPOSETHEMSELVESVERYWELLCOULDBERIGHTINEARLY1993,INTHEUNITEDSTATESOCCURREDINWACOESTATELESSONPLANS,INORDERTOGETTHEACTIVITIESOFTHEPURITANSWHO,THEFBIUSEDTWOKINDSOFROBOTSONEISREMOTECSANDROSVATYPEANDANDROSMARKVIATYPEROBOT,THEOTHERISDEVELOPEDBYRSTCOMPANYSTVROBOTSSTVISASIXREMOTECONTROLCARS,USINGRADIOANDCABLECOMMUNICATIONSONBOARDCANBERAISEDTOA45METERBRACKET,THEABOVETHREEDIMENSIONALWITHCOLORCAMERA,DAYOPTICSIGHT,NIGHTVISIONSIGHTS,BINAURALAUDIODETECTORS,CHEMICALDETECTORS,SATELLITEPOSITIONINGSYSTEMS,TARGETTRACKINGUSINGTHEFORWARDLOOKINGINFRAREDSENSORSTHECARTAKESONLYONEOPERATOR,REMOTECONTROLDISTANCEOF10KILOMETERSDURINGTHEOPERATION,SENTOUTTHREESETSSTV,THEOPERATORREMOTECONTROLROBOTMOVINGTOAPLACE548METERSAWAYFROMTHEMANORTOSTOP,THECARBRACKETRAISEDTHEUSEOFVIDEOCAMERASANDINFRAREDDETECTORSTOTHEWINDOWSPYING,FBIOFFICIALSWEREOBSERVEDAROUNDTHESCREENBACKTOTHEIMAGESENSOR,THEACTIVITIESOFTHEHOUSECANBESEENCLEARLY63CIVILROBOTROBOTCOMMANDTHIRD,CIVILROBOTROBOTCOMMANDINFACT,PEOPLEDONOTWANTTOTHEROBOTISNOTACOMPLETEDEFINITION,SINCETHEROBOTFROMTHEDATEOFTHEBIRTHOFPEOPLEWILLCONTINUETOTRYTOEXPLAINWHATAROBOTINTHEENDBUTWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFROBOTTECHNOLOGYANDINFORMATIONERA,THEROBOTCOVERSTHECONTENTSOFTHEINCREASINGLYRICHANDCONSTANTLYENRICHTHEDEFINITIONOFROBOTANDINNOVATION1886,FRENCHWRITERLIERYAWHENHISNOVEL“FUTUREEVE“WILLLOOKLIKEAPERSONSMACHINENAMED“ANDELUODING“ANDROID,ITCONSISTSOFFOURCOMPONENTS1,LIFESYSTEMBALANCE,WALKING,TALKING,BODYSWING,FEELING,EXPRESSIONTOREGULATETHEMOVEMENT,ETC2,MODELINGSOLUTIONQUALITYFREEDOMOFMOVEMENTJOINTSCANBECOVEREDBYAMETALBODY,ASUITOFARMOR3,ARTIFICIALMUSCLESINTHEARMORONTHEBODY,VEINS,ANDGENDEROFTHEBODYOFVARIOUSFORMS4,ARTIFICIALSKINCONTAININGCOLOR,MECHANISM,CONTOUR,HAIR,VISION,DENTAL,GRIPPER,ETC1920CZECHWRITERKARELCAPEKPUBLISHEDASCIENCEFICTIONSCREENPLAY,“ROSSUMSUNIVERSALROBOTS“INTHESCRIPT,THECAPECTHECZECH“ROBOTA“WROTETHE“ROBOT“,“ROBOTA“MEANINGSLAVEOPERAPREVIEWOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFROBOTSTHETRAGICIMPACTONHUMANSOCIETY,CAUSINGWIDESPREADCONCERNINEVERYONE,BEREGARDEDASTHEORIGINOFTHEWORDROBOTINTHEDRAMA,THEROBOTACCORDINGTOITSOWNERSCOMMANDSWORKQUIETLY,WITHOUTFEELINGSANDEMOTIONSINORDERTODULLTHEWAYHARDLABORLATER,ROSAMTHESUCCESSOFTHECOMPANYTOMAKEROBOTSWITHFEELINGS,RESULTINGINTHEAPPLICATIONOFROBOTICSSECTORISINCREASINGRAPIDLYINFACTORIESANDDOMESTICWORK,THEROBOTHASBECOMEANINDISPENSABLEMEMBERROBOTSFINDSELFISHNESSANDINJUSTICEOFHUMANBEINGS,ANDFINALLYREBELLED,ANDTHEROBOTAREVERYEXCELLENTPHYSICALANDMENTAL,SOEXTERMINATETHEHUMANRACEBUTTHEROBOTDOESNOTKNOWHOWTOMAKETHEIROWNTHATTHEYTHEMSELVESWILLSOONBECOMEEXTINCT,SOTHEYSTARTEDLOOKINGFORHUMANSURVIVORS,BUTTONOAVAILFINALLY,APAIROFROBOTPERCEPTIONISBETTERTHANOTHERMENANDWOMENLOVEAROBOTTHENROBOTSEVOLVEDFORMANKIND,THEWORLDHASREVIVEDTHECAPEKMADEAROBOTSAFETY,PERCEPTIONANDSELFPROPAGATIONPROBLEMSSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALPROGRESSISLIKELYTOSPARKAHUMANDONOTWANTPROBLEMSALTHOUGHONLYASCIENCEFICTIONWORLDOFIMAGINATION,BUTHUMANSOCIETYISLIKELYTOFACETHISREALITYINORDERTOPREVENTHARMTOHUMANROBOTS,SCIENCEFICTIONWRITERISAACASIMOVISAACASIMOVIN1940PROPOSEDA“THREEPRINCIPLESOFROBOTICS“1,THEROBOTSHOULDNOTHARMHUMANS2,THEROBOTSHOULDABIDEBYTHEORDEROFMANKIND,WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFTHEFIRSTVIOLATIONOFANORDER3,THEROBOTSHOULDBEABLETOPROTECTTHEMSELVESINCONFLICTWITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFTHEFIRSTPHASETHISISETHICALGIVENTOTHEROBOTPROGRAMROBOTACADEMIAHASDEVELOPEDTHESETHREEPRINCIPLESASGUIDELINESFORROBOTSIN1967,JAPANHELDTHEFIRSTACADEMICCONFERENCEONTHEROBOT,THEPROPOSEDTWOREPRESENTATIVEDEFINITIONFIRST,MASAHIROMORIANDCOTIANZHOUPINGMADE“THEROBOTISAKINDOFMOBILITY,INDIVIDUALITY,INTELLIGENCE,VERSATILITY,HALFHUMANHALFMACHINE,AUTOMATICNATUREOFSLAVEMENTALITY,ETC7FEATURESFLEXIBLEMACHINE“FROMTHISDEFINITION,MASAHIROMORIPROPOSEDTHEAUTOMATICNATUREOFINTELLIGENCE,INDIVIDUALITY,HALFHUMANHALFMACHINE,JOBNATURE,UNIVERSAL,INFORMATIVE,FLEXIBLE,LIMITED,MOBILITYFEATURESSUCHAS10TOREPRESENTTHEROBOTIMAGETHEOTHERISMADEBYKATOICHIROHASTHEFOLLOWINGTHREECONDITIONSFORAMACHINECALLEDTHEROBOT1,WITHTHEBRAIN,HANDS,FEETANDOTHERTHREEELEMENTSOFTHEINDIVIDUAL2,WITHNONCONTACTSENSORWITHEYES,EARSTOACCEPTTHEDISTANCEINFORMATIONANDCONTACTSENSORS3,WITHABALANCEDFEELANDINHERENTSENSEOFSENSORSETIQUETTEROBOTTHISDEFINITIONEMPHASIZESTHEIMPLICATIONSOFHUMANOIDROBOTSSHOULDBE,THATITWORKBYHAND,RELYINGONFOOTTOACHIEVEMOVEMENT,FROMTHEBRAINTOCOMPLETETHEUNIFIEDCOMMANDROLENONCONTACTSENSORSANDTOUCHSENSORSISEQUIVALENTTOPEOPLESFACIALFEATURES,THEROBOTCANIDENTIFYTHEEXTERNALENVIRONMENT,WHILETHEBALANCEOFPERCEPTIONANDTHEINHERENTSENSEISTHESTATEOFROBOTPERCEPTIONITSELFINDISPENSABLETOTHESENSORINDUSTRIALROBOTSARENOTDESCRIBEDHEREBUTTHEAUTONOMOUSROBOTROBOTISDEFINEDASAWIDEVARIETYOF,THEREASONISTHATITHASACERTAINDEGREEOFAMBIGUITYANIMALSGENERALLYHAVETHESEELEMENTS,SOTOBEUNDERSTOODASHUMANOIDROBOTMACHINEATTHESAMETIME,THEROBOTCANBEBROADLYUNDERSTOODASIMITATIONANIMALMACHINE1988INFRANCEESPIAUTHEROBOTISDEFINEDAS“ROBOTICSISTHEDESIGNOFSENSORINFORMATIONACCORDINGTOPREPLANNINGTOACHIEVEAGOODOPERATINGSYSTEM,ANDTHUSTHESYSTEMTOUSEASARESEARCHOBJECT“1987INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONOFINDUSTRIALROBOTSAREDEFINED“INDUSTRIALROBOTISAKINDOFAUTOMATICCONTROLOFTHEOPERATIONANDMOBILITYFEATURES,TOCOMPLETEAVARIETYOFOPERATINGAPROGRAMMABLEMANIPULATOR“CHINESESCIENTISTSONTHEROBOTISDEFINEDAS“ROBOTISANAUTOMATEDMACHINE,THEONLYDIFFERENCEISTHATTHISMACHINEHASSOMESIMILARITIESWITHHUMANORBIOLOGICALINTELLIGENCECAPABILITIES,SUCHASPERCEPTUALCAPACITY,PLANNINGCAPACITY,MOTORABILITYANDCOLLABORATIONCAPABILITIES,ISAHIGHLYFLEXIBLEAUTOMATEDMACHINES“INRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTOPERATIONUNKNOWNANDUNCERTAINENVIRONMENT,THEPROCESSOFTHEROBOT,PEOPLEGRADUALLYCOMETOREALIZEISTHEESSENCEOFROBOTICSPERCEPTION,DECISIONMAKING,ACTIONANDINTERACTIVETECHNOLOGYCOMBINATIONASPEOPLEOFUNDERSTANDINGTHENATUREOFTHEINTELLIGENTROBOTTECHNOLOGYDEEPENING,ROBOTICSTECHNOLOGYHASBEGUNTOSTREAMTOPENETRATEALLAREASOFHUMANACTIVITYWITHTHEAPPLICATIONCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESEAREAS,PEOPLEHAVEDEVELOPEDAWIDEVARIETYOFPERCEPTIONS,DECISIONS,ACTIONSANDABILITYTOINTERACTWITHAVARIETYOFINTELLIGENTROBOTSANDSPECIALMACHINES,SUCHASMOBILEROBOTS,MICROROBOTS,UNDERWATERROBOTS,MEDICALEQUIPMENTPEOPLE,MILITARYROBOTS,AIRSPACEROBOTS,ENTERTAINMENTROBOTSSPECIALENVIRONMENTFORDIFFERENTTASKSANDTHEADAPTABILITYOFROBOTICSANDGENERALAUTOMATIONEQUIPMENTISALSOANIMPORTANTDISTINCTIONTHESEROBOTSAREFARFROMTHEIRAPPEARANCEOUTOFTHEFIRSTHUMANOIDROBOTANDINDUSTRIALROBOTHASASHAPEMOREINLINEWITHAVARIETYOFSPECIALREQUIREMENTSOFDIFFERENTAPPLICATIONAREAS,THEIRFEATURESANDGREATLYENHANCEDTHEDEGREEOFINTELLIGENCE,SOASTOROBOTSTECHNOLOGYTOOPENUPABROADERSPACEFORDEVELOPMENTSONGJIAN,CHINESEACADEMYOFENGINEERINGSAID“ROBOTICSPROGRESSANDAPPLICATIONOFAUTOMATICCONTROLOFTHE20THCENTURYSMOSTCOMPELLINGACHIEVEMENTISTHEHIGHESTSENSEOFTHECONTEMPORARYAUTOMATION“ROBOTTECHNOLOGYINTEGRATESMULTIDISCIPLINARYDEVELOPMENTRESULTSREPRESENTTHEFOREFRONTOFHIGHTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT,ITSAPPLICATIONFIELDSOFHUMANLIFEISCAUSINGTHEGROWINGAWARENESSOFTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYTOREROLEANDINFLUENCEOFROBOTTECHNOLOGYCHINASENVIRONMENT,STARTINGFROMTHEAPPLICATIONOFROBOTICSEXPERTS,ROBOTSAREDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIES,NAMELYINDUSTRIALROBOTSANDSPECIALROBOTTHESOCALLEDINDUSTRIALROBOTSFORINDUSTRIALAREASOFMULTIJOINTORMULTIDOFROBOTMANIPULATORSINADDITIONTOTHESPECIALROBOTISOUTSIDEOFINDUSTRIALROBOTSUSEDFORNONMANUFACTURINGANDTHESERVICEOFMANKINDADVANCEDROBOTS,INCLUDINGSERVICEROBOTS,UNDERWATERROBOTS,ENTERTAINMENTROBOTS,MILITARYROBOTS,AGRICULTURALROBOTS,ROBOTBASEDMACHINERYINTHESPECIALROBOTS,SOMEBRANCHESHAVEDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,THEREISASEPARATESYSTEMFORTRENDS,SUCHASSERVICEROBOTS,UNDERWATERROBOTS,MILITARYROBOTS,MICROOPERATIONOFROBOTSATPRESENT,THEINTERNATIONALROBOTSCHOLARS,STARTINGFROMTHEAPPLICATIONENVIRONMENT,THEROBOTISALSODIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESMANUFACTURINGENVIRONMENTOFINDUSTRIALROBOTSANDTHENONMANUFACTURINGENVIRONMENT,THESERVICEANDHUMANOIDROBOTS,THISCLASSIFICATIONISCONSISTENTWITHOURTHEANCIENTROBOTTHEEMERGENCEOFTHETERMROBOTANDTHEWORLDSFIRSTINDUSTRIALROBOTINRECENTDECADESTHEADVENTOFALLTHINGSHOWEVER,PEOPLESFANTASIESANDTHEPURSUITOFTHEROBOTWASALREADY3,000YEARSOFHISTORYMANKINDSDESIRETOCREATEAHUMANLIKEMACHINEINORDERTOCOMPLETETHEVARIOUSTASKSINSTEADOFHU
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