高考英语大二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解 14 科普知识类课件.ppt

专题十四科普知识类 2 2018全国 abuild it yourselfsolarstill 蒸馏器 isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable developedbytwodoctorsintheu s departmentofagriculture it sanexcellentwatercollector unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes theonlycomponentsrequired though area5 5 sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic sixfeetofplastictube andacontainer perhapsjustadrinkingcup tocatchthewater thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 3 toconstructaworkingstill useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock theplasticshouldnowformacone 圆锥体 with45 degree angledsides thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover andnomorethanthreeinchesabove thecup 4 thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic groundwaterevaporates 蒸发 andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerial andfalloffintothecup whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 5 32 whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph a it sdelicate b it sexpensive c it scomplex d it sportable 33 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thewatercatcher inparagraph2referto a thetube b thestill c thehole d thecup 34 whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill a digaholeofacertainsize b putthecupinplace c weightthesheet scenterdown d covertheholewiththeplasticsheet 6 35 whenasolarstillworks dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom a theplastictubeb outsidetheholec theopenaird beneaththesheet 7 文章结构 8 难点分析 unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes 不幸的是 你必须随身携带这些必备的仪器 因为要找到天然的替代品几乎是不可能的 分析 since 是原因状语从句 it是形式主语 tofind 是不定式作真正的主语 allbut意为 几乎 whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 当容器装满了水 你就可以通过吸水管把这些提神的水吸出来 而不必每次饮水时都要把装置拆掉 分析 该句中的 everytimeyouneedadrink 是时间状语从句 表示 每当 的时候 9 语篇导读 美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器 在水资源短缺的区域 这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备 32 d推理判断题 从文章第一段的 thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 可知 这种集水器设备携带起来很方便 人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上 33 b词义猜测题 从文章第二段的 toconstructaworkingstill 和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill 34 c细节理解题 从文章第三段的 next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock 可知 用塑料布把洞穴覆盖 并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢 最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心 因此选c项 10 35 d推理判断题 从文章最后一段的 groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup 可知 这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室 地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴 然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里 11 a 2018天津 c there sanewfrontierin3dprintingthat sbeginningtocomeintofocus food recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint cook andservefoodsonamassscale andtheindustryisn tstoppingthere foodproductionwitha3dprinter acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake noteverybodycandothat ittakesyearsofexperience butaprintermakesiteasy arestaurantinspainusesafoodinito re createformsandpieces offoodthatare exactlythesame freeingcookstocompleteothertasks inanotherrestaurant allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3d printed ratherthanfarmtotable 12 sustainability 可持续性 theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9 6billionby2050 andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels sustainabilityisbecominganecessity 3dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids 水解胶体 fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹饪原料 3dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock food thatlastsyearsonend freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements 13 nutritionfuture3dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier hodlipson aprofessoratcolumbiauniversity said foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent likevitamins soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday sbreadfromthesupermarket you deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand 14 challengesdespiterecentadvancementsin3dfoodprinting theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome currently mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste 糊状物 beforeaprintercanusethem andtheprintingprocessisquitetime consuming becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways ontopofthat mostofthe3dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad someexpertsareskepticalabout3dfoodprinters believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh endrestaurants 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍一项新的3d食物打印技术 分别介绍食物打印的省时高效特点 所使用的原料的可持续性 提供顾客所需要的营养以及目前技术推广面临的挑战等 15 1 whatbenefitdoes3dprintingbringtofoodproduction a ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes b itsavestimeandeffortincooking c itimprovesthecookingconditions d itcontributestorestaurantdecorations 答案 解析 16 2 whatcanwelearnabout3dfoodprintingfromparagraph3 a itsolvesfoodshortageseasily b itquickensthetransportationoffood c itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood d itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood 答案 解析 17 3 accordingtoparagraph4 3d printedfood a ismoreavailabletoconsumersb canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsc ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsd cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials 答案 解析 18 4 whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely a theprintingprocessiscomplicated b 3dfoodprintersaretooexpensive c foodmaterialshavetobedry d someexpertsdoubt3dfoodprinting 答案 解析 19 5 whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage a 3dfoodprinting deliciousnewtechnologyb anewwaytoimprove3dfoodprintingc thechallengesfor3dfoodproductiond 3dfoodprinting fromfarmtotable 答案 解析 20 b 2018山东济南二模 manypeopletraveledtolasvegas nevadalastweekforthe50thconsumerelectronicsshow orces theshowissaidtohavethelargestcollectionofnewelectronicdevicesintheworld theshowhadmanyexamplesof smarthome devices smarthome technologyisdesignedtomakelifeeasierforpeoplebylettingcomputerscontrolmanythingsinsideourhomes onesuchdeviceactuallybeginsworkingoutsidethehome whensomeonearrivesandringsthedoorbell 21 whensomeonecomestoyourfrontdoorandringsthedoorbell thelightcanturnonimmediately igetanotificationwheni mhalfwayaroundtheworldthatsomeonecame andicanstarttalkingtothepersonwho satmyfrontdoor andicansay oh hereletmeletyouin icanunlockthedoorforthemveryeasily saidvivint asmarthomeserviceprovider oneelectronicsmakerlaunchedadevicethatletspeopleseeandinteractwiththeiranimalswhentheyareaway thedevice frompetcube letsyouremotelywatchandtalktoyourpetthroughapersonaldevice accordingtoacompanyofficial itcanevengivethepetatreat ifyouapproveandorderit 22 forheatingorcooling thereisasmartthermostat thisdevicecanalsosendyouamessageifabigstormcausesleaksorflooding we retryingtocatchitwithjustafewdripsbeforeitbecomesareallybigproblem saidmikesaleofidevices aconcernformanyhomeownersisthepossibilitythatsomeoneelsemightfindawaytoattackthesesmarthomedevices anofficialfromvivintsaidhiscompanyissurethatonlyownersofthehomecangainuseofinformationonthedevices warrenkatzfromidevicessaidhiscompanyemploysengineersfromthedefenseindustrytohelppreventhacking 语篇解读 本文是一篇科技产品说明文 作者介绍了内华达州拉斯维加斯消费者电子产品展