2019年高考真题英语(北京卷)Word版含解析

1 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 北京卷 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 北京卷 英英语语 考试时间考试时间 100 100 分钟分钟 试卷满分试卷满分 120 120 分分 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上 在试卷上作答无效 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上 在试卷上作答无效 考试结束后 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 考试结束后 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 第一部分第一部分 知识运用知识运用 共两节 共两节 4545 分分 第一节第一节 语法填空语法填空 共共 1010 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 共分 共 1515 分分 A 阅读下列短文 根据短文内容填空 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词 在给 出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 On the first day of my first grade I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach I 1 voice my biggest concern to my mother How will I make friends She handed me advice Be yourself For the past 20 years I have lived by these words Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world Nervously 2 face challenges I know I will whisper to 3 I the two simple words Be yourself 答案 1 voiced 2 facing 3 myself 解析 这是一篇记叙文 作者一年级对交友感到困惑 妈妈的建议 Be yourself 让他受益终身 1 题详解 考查时态 句意 我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧 我将如何交朋友 此处的 voice 是动 词 表达 的意思 作谓语 叙述的是一年级的事情 用一般过去式 故填 voiced 2 题详解 考查非谓语动词 句意 紧张地面对挑战 我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 Be yourself 分析句式可知 此处是做句子的状语 要用非谓语动词 其逻辑主语是 I 与 逻辑主语之间是主动关系 用现在分词作状语 故填 facing 3 题详解 考查代词 句意 紧张地面对挑战 我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 Be yourself 本句的主语是 I 当宾语与主语是同一人称时 宾语要用反身代词 故填 myself 2 B 阅读下列短文 根据短文内容填空 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词 在给 出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Earth Day 4 mark on 22 April is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection First celebrated 5 1970 the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions 地区 No matter what you like to do there is a way to get involved in various 6 activity on Earth Day You can plant a tree make a meal with locally grown vegetables or save power the possibilities are endless 答案 4 marked 5 in 6 activities 解析 这是一篇说明文 文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义 4 题详解 考查非谓语动词 句意 地球日于 4 月 22 日举行 是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活 动 分析句式可知 设空处是要做名词 Earth Day 的后置定语 且两者之间是被动关系 要用过去分词 故填 marked 5 题详解 考查介词 句意 第一次庆祝是在 1970 年 如今 这一天的活动遍及 190 多个国家和地区 在年份前要用介词 in 故填 in 6 题详解 考查名词 句意 无论你喜欢做什么 有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动 根据 设空前的修饰词 various 可知 此处要用名词的复数形式 故填 activities C 阅读下列短文 根据短文内容填空 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词 在给 出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question 7 suggest that for most students it doesn t What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged 参与 in academic life taking full advantage of the college s chances and resources 资源 Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about 3 which college to attend and it s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 meaning college experience 答案 7 suggests suggested has suggested 8 where 9 who that 10 meaningful 解析 这是一篇说明文 研究表明 大学的名气对学生来说并不重要 从大学生活中受益最多的 是完全投入学术生活 充分利用大学机会和资源的学生 所以要以正确的态度来选择大学 7 题详解 考查时态 句意 对于这个问题的研究表明 对于大多数学生来说 它不重要 这里表示 研究的客观结果 所以用一般现在时 一般过去时或现在完成时均可 故填 suggests suggested has suggested 8 题详解 考查宾语从句 句意 学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里 哪所大学 更重要 这里表达 去哪所大学 表示地点 作状语 故用 where 9 题详解 考查定语从句 句意 从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生 3 are totally engaged 参与 in academic life 是定语从句 修饰先行词 those 空格处在句中作主 语 代指人 故填 who 或 that 10 题详解 考查形容词 这里与前面的 healthy 并列 修饰后面的名词 college experience 故此处也要 用形容词 故填 meaningful 第二节第二节 完形填空完形填空 共共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 共分 共 3030 分分 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 从每题所给的阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 从每题所给的 A A B B C C D D 四个选项中 选出最佳四个选项中 选出最佳 选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 Regardless of the weather or the distance Paul Wilson will make sure low income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time A retired engineer 76 year old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students for the past eight years Since he first started 12 his car to the young people Wilson has 4 13 am astonishing 64 000 miles and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school The students who he s 15 have gone on to become physicians teachers and engineers but what they ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson Some students 16 call him Grandpa Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 It s not just a ride you re not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on Stern said He asks you questions and actually 20 the answers so the next time you ride with him he ll 21 those things Wilson first worked as a driver through a student support programme of the non profit organisation On Point for College Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes Wilson often goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students If they have problems with registration Wilson is there to 24 them If they run out of certain daily necessities Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what s needed If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal For many students Wilson s help is not only appreciated it s also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education Some students don t have a reliable car while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week For them riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education but according to Wilson he benefits just as much from the 29 I just love driving and I love these kids Wilson said It s such a n 30 to be a part of these kids lives even just for a few hours getting to know them and hearing their stories 11 A linkingB sendingC offeringD distributing 12 A donatingB lendingC deliveringD volunteering 13 A pavedB coveredC measuredD wandered 14 A argumentsB interviewsC negotiationsD conversations 5 15 A metB drivenC addressedD conversations 16 A evenB everC onceD already 17 A earnedB receivedC assessedD demanded 18 A transportationB styleC timeD communication 19 A forcedB awkwardC ridiculousD suspicious 20 A selectsB recitesC guessesD remembers 21 A act onB settle onC check onD agree on 22 A clubB leagueC collegeD programme 23 A farB aroundC beyondD forwards 24 A assistB watchC urgeD warm 25 A expectsB attemptsC managesD hesitates 26 A extraB unusualC necessaryD adequate 27 A shareB fuelC repairD exchange 28 A requiredB allowedC remindedD convinced 29 A experienceB arrangementC appreciationD employment 30 A effortB ambitionC privilegeD convenience 答案 11 C 12 D 13 B 14 D 15 B 16 A 17 B 18 A 19 B 20 D 21 C 22 D 23 C 24 A 25 D 26 C 27 A 28 B 29 A 30 C 解析 这是一篇记叙文 文章叙述了 76 岁的 Paul Wilson 八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学 6 的感人事迹 11 题详解 考查动词辨析 A linking 连接 B sending 寄送 C offering 提供 D distributing 分配 根据第一段可知 Paul Wilson 确保低收入的学生按时到达学校 由此可以推知 该句应指 Wilson 给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务 故 C 选项正确 12 题详解 考查动词辨析 A donating 捐献 捐赠 B lending 借出 C delivering 发表 投递 D volunteering 自愿 根据上文中的 free rides 可知 Wilson 是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给 那些学生的 故 D 选项正确 13 题详解 考查动词辨析 A paved 铺设 安排 B covered 行走 覆盖 C measured 测量 判断 D wandered 徘徊 漫步 Wilson 让那些学生免费搭车 迄今他已经行程 64 000 英里 表示 行走一段路程 应用 cover 故 B 选项正确 14 题详解 考查名词辨析 A arguments 争论 B interviews 接见 采访 C negotiations 谈判 D conversations 谈话 Wilson 在接送学生们上下学的过程中 和学生之间有愉快幽默的 谈 话 交谈 故 D 选项正确 15 题详解 考查动词辨析 A met 遇见 B driven 驾车 开车 C addressed 从事 忙于 写地址 D greeted 问候 迎接 根据上文可知 Wilson 每天接送那些学生 这些学生现在已经成 为了物理学家 教师 工程师等 该空应该对应上一句中的 he transports to and from school drive 意为 驾车送 人 故 B 选项正确 16 题详解 考查副词辨析 A even 甚至 B ever 永远 曾经 C once 一次 曾经 D already 已经 这些学生将 Wilson 当作他们的偶像和朋友 有的甚至称他为 爷爷 该空表示递进 故 A 选项正确 17 题详解 考查动词辨析 A earned 获得 B received 收到 C assessed 评估 D demanded 要求 根 据后面的介词 from 可以推知 Tina Stern 从 Wilson 那儿获得免费的乘车机会 故 B 选项正 确 18 题详解 7 考查名词辨析 A transportation 运输 运送 B style 风格 类型 C time 时间 次数 D communication 交流 对 Tina Stern 来说 这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已 transportation 意为 运送 故 A 选项正确 19 题详解 考查形容词辨析 A forced 强迫的 B awkward 尴尬的 笨拙的 C ridiculous 可笑的 D suspicious 可疑的 怀疑的 Tina 说 那不仅仅是坐车而已 你并不只是坐在那儿 陷入 令人尴尬的沉默中 也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿 坐在车里 彼此不交谈 只是沉默 这 当然是令人尴尬的 故 B 选项正确 20 题详解 考查动词辨析 A selects 选择 B recites 背诵 C guesses 猜测 D remembers 记住 记得 每次坐车的时候 Wilson 会问这些学生问题 然后记住答案 故 D 选项正确 21 题详解 考查动词短语辨析 A act on 对 起作用 B settle on 定居 决定 C check on 检查 核实 D agree on 对 取得一致意见 在坐车的时候 Wilson 会问这些学生问题 然后 记住答案 下一次这些学生再坐车的时候 Wilson 会检查上次提到的这些东西 该句指 的是在乘车期间 Wilson 会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况 故 C 选项正确 22 题详解 考查名词辨析 A club 俱乐部 B league 联盟 社团 C college 大学 D programme 项 目 计划 Wilson 最初通过一个非盈利组织 On Point for College 的一个项目作了一名司机 该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学 根据上句中的 student support programme 可 知 D 选项正确 23 题详解 考查副词辨析 A far 远地 B around 到处 C beyond 更远处 超过 D forwards 向前 结合下文中提到的 If they have problems with registration Wilson is there to them If they run out of If a student gets hungry 可知 Wilson 的所作所为超过了该项目的要求 故 C 选项正确 24 题详解 考查动词辨析 A assist 帮助 B watch 观看 C urge 强烈要求 D warm 使温暖 如果孩 子们在登记方面有问题 Wilson 会去帮助他们 解决相关的问题 故 A 选项正确 25 题详解 8 考查动词辨析 A expects 期望 B attempts 试图 C manages 经营 设法 D hesitates 犹 豫 从上文举的例子可知 该部分都表达的是 Wilson 对孩子们的帮助 因此该处应指 当 孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候 Wilson 都会马上给他们去买吃的 从未犹豫过 故 D 选项正确 26 题详解 考查形容词辨析 A extra 额外的 B unusual 不寻常的 C necessary 必需的 D adequate 充足的 适当的 根据下文中 Some students don t have a reliable car while others For them riding with Wilson has them to complete their education 可以推知 对于那些乘车有困难 的学生来说 乘坐 Wilson 的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的 故 C 选项正确 27 题详解 考查动词辨析 A share 分享 B fuel 加燃料 C repair 修理 D exchange 交换 有的学生 没法得到可靠的汽车 有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆 表示 共用 需用 share 故 A 选项正确 28 题详解 考查动词辨析 A required 需要 B allowed 允许 C reminded 提醒 使想起 D convinced 说服 使信服 乘坐 Wilson 的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育 表示 使得某人 做某事 使某人能够做某事 应该用 allow sb to do sth 故 B 选项正确 29 题详解 考查名词辨析 A experience 经历 经验 B arrangement 安排 C appreciation 欣赏 感 激 D employment 雇用 使用 Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的 经历 中受益颇多 A 选项正确 30 题详解 考查名词辨析 A effort 努力 B ambition 雄心 志向 C privilege 荣幸 特权 优待 D convenience 方便 便利 Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的 经历 中受益颇多 在这个 过程中 他认识了这些学生 听到他们的故事 他认为这是自己的 荣幸 故 C 选项正确 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解 共两节 共两节 4040 分分 第一节第一节 共共 1515 小题 每小题小题 每小题 2 2 分 共分 共 3030 分分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A A B B C C D D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 并在答四个选项中 选出最佳选项 并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑 题卡上将该项涂黑 9 A A Want to explore new cultures meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time You can do all the three with Global Development Association GDA Whatever stage of life you re at wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA you ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community 社区 We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds Most of our volunteers are aged 17 24 Now we need volunteer managers aged 25 75 They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes We have such roles as project managers mountain leaders and communication officers Depending on which role you choose you could help to increase a community s access to safe drinking water or help to protect valuable local cultures You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally you ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness You may have chances to meet new people who ll become your lifelong friends This summer we have both 4 week and 7 week programmes Schedule Country 4 week programmes7 week programmes Algeria5 Jul 1Aug 20Jun 7Aug Egypt24 Jul 20 Aug 19Jun 6 Aug Kenya20 Jul 16Aug 18 Jun 5 Aug South Africa2Aug 29 Aug 15 Jun 2Aug GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities There is no other chance like a GDA programme Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities 10 Find out more about joining a GDA programme Website www glodeve org Email humanresources glodeve org 31 What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers A To seek local partnersB To take in young volunteers C To carry out programmesD To foster cultural awareness 32 The programme beginning in August will operate in A EgyptB AlgeriaC KenyaD South Afria 33 The shared goal of GDA s projects to A explore new culturesB protect the environment C gain corporate benefitD help communities in need 答案 31 C 32 D 33 D 解析 本文是一则广告 Global Development Association GDA 致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社 区 在这里能探索新的文化 结识新朋友 同时做一些值得的事 文章为 GDA 招募志愿者 并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目 31 题详解 细节理解题 题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么 根据第三段中 Depending on which role you choose you could help to increase or help to project You might also design 可知 根据 岗位不同 管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水 可以规划地方文化 可以设计挑战项目 培训年轻的志愿者 从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划 故选 C 32 题详解 细节理解题 题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展 根据这个表格中 4 week programmes 中的最后一个 South Africa 2 Aug 29 Aug 可知八月在南非开始 答案选 D 33 题详解 细节理解题 题干问 GDA 的所有项目的共同目的是什么 根据第一段 you ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community 和倒数第二段中 All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知 其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展 即帮助有需要的社区 故选 D 11 B B Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur 创业者 who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy By the time she was 13 her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super sweet treat that could save kids teeth instead of destroying them It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad On the outing she was offered a candy bar However her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth But Moore was sick of missing out on candies So she desired to get round the warning Why can t I make a healthy candy that s good for my teeth so that my parents can t say no to it With that in mind Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain With her dad s permission she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth friendly She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning Consequently she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners which can reduce oral bacteria Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground Afterwards she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner who finally agreed to sell Moore s product Cancandy As CanCandy s success grows so does Moore s credibility as a young entrepreneur Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created and she s also positive about what the future might bring She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile Meanwhile with her parents help Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life Although she founded her company early on in life she wasn t driven primarily by profit Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles She donates 10 of AilicCandy s profits to Big Smiles With her talent and determination it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore 34 How did Moore react to her dad s warning A She argued with him B She tried to find a way out C She paid no attentionD She chose to consult dentists 35 What is special about CanCandy A It is beneficial to dental health B It is free of sweeteners 12 C It is sweeter than other candies D It is produced to a dentists recipe 36 What does Moore expect from her business A To earn more money B To help others find smiles C To make herself stand out D To beat other candy companies 37 What can we learn from Alice Moore s story A Fame is a great thirst of the young B A youth is to be regarded with respect C Positive thinking and action result in success D Success means getting personal desires satisfied 答案 34 B 35 A 36 B 37 C 解析 这是一篇记叙文 主要讲述了 Alice Moore 一个年轻有为的创业者的故事 故事告诉我们 积极的思考和行动会带来成功 34 题详解 推理判断题 根据第二段的 But Moore was sick of missing out on candies So she desired to get round the warning Why can t I make a healthy candy that s good for my teeth so that my parents can t say no to it 及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫 CanCandy 的糖果可知 她对父亲的警 告的反应是 她试图找到一条出路解决问题 故选 B 35 题详解 细节理解题 根据第三段的 Consequently she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners which can reduce oral bacteria 可知 这种糖只使用天然甜味剂 可以减少 口腔细菌 因此它对牙齿有利 故选 A 36 题详解 细节理解题 根据最后一段的 Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles 可知 Moor 想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容 故选 B 37 题详解 推理判断题 文章主要讲述了 Moor 的创业故事 她之所以能成功 源于面对问题和困难 时 她乐观地看待问题 积极地想方设法去解决问题 因此 通过她的故事让我们懂得积 极的思考和行动会带来成功 故选 C 13 C C The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don t know By next year half of the calls we receive will be scams 欺诈 We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through Unfortunately it s too little too late By the time these solutions 解决方案 become widely available scammers will have moved onto cleverer means In the near future it s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt Soon you will also question whether the voice you re hearing is actually real That s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation 处理 and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use At this year s I O Conference a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches 数据侵入 of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother s name and far more Armed with this knowledge they re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people This means for example that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller s ricking you into confirming your address mother s name and card number Scammers follow money so companies will be the worst hit A lot of business is still done over the phone and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real Tha