高二 刘莹昱 薛泽豪 张逸儿 03VIP

源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度1 Overview 教案撰稿人刘会朋完稿时间 审核人英语备课组审核时间 课程进度第 3 次课课程标题 学生对象 高二 刘莹昱 薛泽豪 张逸儿 Grammar 定语从句 定语从句的分析步骤 划出定语从句范围 找出先行词 分析先行词在从句从句中充当的 成分 对号入座选关系词 关键 关系代词 1 指人的关系代词 who whom that 先行词在从句中作主语 eg A doctor is a person who that looks after people s health 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg Mr White invited many friends to his party who whom that he respected much 关系代词前有介词 eg Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend 小结 指人的关系代词中 在从句中充当主语的是 who 和 that 且在句中不可 以省略 指人的关系代词中 在从句中充当宾语的是 who that 和 whom 且可以 省略 当关系代词前有介词时 指人只能用 whom 2 指物的关系代词 which that 先行词在从句中作主语 eg The river which that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg The book which that you just laid on the shelf is mine 关系代词前有介词 eg Here is the money with which I will buy a piano 小结 指物的关系代词中 在从句中充当主语的是指物的关系代词中 在从句中充当主语的是 which 和和 that 且在句中不且在句中不 可以省略 可以省略 指物的关系代词中指物的关系代词中 在从句中充当宾语的是在从句中充当宾语的是 which 和和 that 且可以省 且可以省 略 略 当关系代词前有介词时 指物只能用当关系代词前有介词时 指物只能用 which that 既可指人又可指物 既可指人又可指物 3 表示所有格 whose 既表示人的所有也表示物的所有物的所有 表示人的所有 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度2 eg The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor 表示物的所有 eg I d like a room whose window looks out over the sea 4 as 作关系代词的用法 as 引导的定语从句常出现于 the same as such as 结构中 即 当定语从句的先行词被 the same such 修饰时 关系代词选 as 且不能省略 eg Let s meet at the same place as we did yesterday 三 关系副词 1 表示地点 where eg We moved to Boston where in which my grandparents lived 2 表示时间 when eg April the first is the day when on which people make fun of others I ll never forget the time when during which we worked together 3 表示原因 why that eg 1 I have come here to explain the reason why for which I was absent from the meeting 分析 why 引导的定语从句不解释不解释 reason 的内容 2 The reason that the car broke down doesn t hold water 分析 that 引导的同位语从句解释解释 reason 的内容 3 I don t want to hear any reason that which you might give 分析 先行词 reason 作从句中 give 的宾语 注 关系副词 介词 关系代词 三 定语从句的分类 1 限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 如果没有定语从句 主句不完整 且与先行词之间 无逗号无逗号 2 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明作用 如果删除 主句意义仍然完整 与先行词 之间有逗号有逗号 非限制性定语从句中不能用 That 关系代词也不 能省略 eg On the desk there are twenty books three of which are mine My aunt Alice whom I haven t seen for years is coming next month 四 关系词选用的特殊规则 that 用法小结 1 先行词先行词是 all little few something anything nothing 等不定代词不定代词 常见考点 eg There is nothing that we can do 2 先行词是序数词 形容词的最高级或者是被它们所修饰 常见考点 eg This is the best film that has been shown in the city This is the first English novel that interests me 3 先行词是两个或者两个以上 分别表示人和物 常见考点 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度3 eg I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited 4 先行词被 the only the very the right the same 等修饰时 eg The only furniture that he had in his room was a bed and a small desk 5 为了避免重复主句中的 which 或 who eg Which is the book that you want 6 关系代词在定语从句中作 表语时 John is no longer the little boy that he used to be 五 which 用法小结 1 用于非限制性定语从句 通常放在主语之后 2 关系代词前有介词时 指物只能用 which 六 要点点拨 1 对比 1 Jeff is one of the students who were awarded 2 Jeff is the only one of the students that was awarded 2 对比 1 Is this museum the one I visited last time 2 Is this the museum that I visited last time 3 在定语从句中 如果 后面为谓语动词 则先行词在从句中充当主语 易错 eg I used to live in a village which is far from my school 分析 横线后面为谓语动词 is 因此先行词 village 在从句中充当主语 指物且为 非限制性定语从句 因此只能填 which 不能是 where 定语从句综合训练定语从句综合训练 1 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance A how B which C where D that 2 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work A he explained B what he explained C how he explained D why he explained 3 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which price B the price of which C its price D the price of whose 4 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 5 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf five are mine A on which B in which C of which D from which 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度4 6 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 7 Luckily we d brought a road map without we would have lost our way A it B that C this D which 8 The factory was built in a secret place around high mountains A which was B it was C which were D them were 9 Yesterday we visited a modern hospital around some fruit shops A which is B it is C which are D them are 10 Next month we ll move to a new building next to a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food A which are B it is C which is D them are 11 His house for he paid 10 000 is now worth 50 000 A that B it C them D which 12 The old man has two sons are lawyers A both of them B both of who C both of whom D both of they 13 He is a man of great knowledge much can be learned A in whom B about whom C from whom D of whom 14 Do you know the man just now A to who I nodded B I nodded to C whom I nodded D Whom I nodded to him 15 The man has gone to Japan A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 16 Please pass me the dictionary cover is black A which B its C whose D which of 17 All the apples fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs A which B C that D they 18 I can tell you he told me last week A all which B all what C that all D all that 19 This is the biggest lab we have ever built in our university A which B what C that D where 20 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D what 21 This museum is you visited the other day A that B which C where D the one 22 This is the museum you saw the other day A that B where C in which D in that 23 It is the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 24 We often think of the days we spent together on the island 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度5 A when B which C in which D during which 25 Have you ever been to Shanghai I left ten years ago A where B which C that D when 26 He has left Beijing a meeting is to be held A when B where C as D which 27 This is the very place I m wishing to live in A where B which C that D in which 28 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D than 29 The reason he didn t come was he was injured A that because B why that C why because D that that 30 He must be from Africa can be seen from his skin A that B as C it D what 31 All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest A once they grewB they grew once C they once grewD once grew 32 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5 30 pm many people have gone home A thatB which C whose timeD by which time 33 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work A he explainedB what he explained C how he explainedD why he explained 34 Luckily we d brought a road map without we would have lost our way A itB that C thisD which 35 When he was working there he caught a serious illness from efforts he still suffers A whichB that C whoseD what 36 It s said that he s looking for a new job one he can get more money to support his family A whenB where C thatD which 37 We are living in an age many things are done on computer A whichB that C whoseD when 38 The little time we have together we ll try wisely A spending itB to spend it C to spendD spending that 39 The old building behind was a famous church was we used to work A that the placeB it the place C which whereD what where 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度6 40 We will be shown around the city schools museums and some other places other visitors seldom go A whatB which C whereD when 41 The modern history of Italy dates from 1860 the country became united A whenB if C sinceD until 42 All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest A once they grewB they grew once C that once grewD once grew 43 You could see the runners very well from we stood A whichB where C thatD when 44 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which priceB the price of which C its priceD the price of whose 45 What have you got will help a cold A whatB that C itD who 答案 1 5 C A B A C 6 10 D DCCC 11 15 DCCBD 16 20 CCDCA 21 25 DACBB 26 30 BCABB 31 35 CDADC 36 40 BDCCC 41 45 ACBBB Translation 句子句子 众所周知 在大雾中驾车是很危险的 as 正如今天报纸上所报道的那样 我们必须直面自己身上存在的问题 As 异常的天气表明我们的生存环境正日益恶化 而这正是大自然给予我们的警告 which 这次旅行持续了两个多星期 这让我们感到疲惫不堪 which 我过生日时 他送给我一件漂亮的毛衣 那正是我想要的 which 黑人当选总统 开创了美国政治的先河 which 在过去的三十年里 中国人民以巨大的勇气 信心和创造力取得了了不起的成就 这令整个世界震惊 which 浦江南岸有一个野生动物园 那儿可以看到不少濒危动物 where 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度7 人人都愿意和乐于助人 有幽默感的人交朋友 who 任何热爱祖国的人都会想着他能为他的国家做些什么 who 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 对同位语概念的理解要准确对同位语概念的理解要准确 1 如果同位语从句意义完整 则用 如果同位语从句意义完整 则用 that 引导 而且引导 而且 that 不能省略 不能省略 如 1 The thought that we might success excited us 2 The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering 2 如果同位语从句意义不完整 需增加是否 什么 谁 什么时候 什么地方 什么方式 如果同位语从句意义不完整 需增加是否 什么 谁 什么时候 什么地方 什么方式 等含义时 则用等含义时 则用 whether what who when where how 等疑问词引导 等疑问词引导 如 1 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed 我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作 这个问题还未讨论 2 I have no idea when he will be back 3 She raised the question where we could get the fund 她提出这个问题 我们到哪里弄这 笔资金 4 I have some doubt whether he is suitable for the job 他是否适合这份工作 我有点怀疑 比较 There s no doubt that Robert will keep his promise 毫无疑问 罗伯特会履行诺 言的 注意注意 主句为肯定句时 doubt 后的同位语从句用 whether 引导 主句为否定句时 doubt 之后的同位语从句用 that 引导 3 有时可用 有时可用 namely 即 即 that is to say in other words that is i e that is for example 等列出同位语等列出同位语 说明其前面的名词 或代词 如 He told us the good news namely the museum is open to all There is only one way of improving your English that is to practice more 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度8 4 同位语从句与定语从句区别 同位语从句与定语从句区别 注 这是重点和难点 注 这是重点和难点 1 先行词不同 一般说来 定语从句的先行词由名词或代词充当 同位语从句的先行词常 常是抽象名词 而且在定语从句中 when where 前分别有表示时间 地点的先行词 而同 位语从句中没有此对应关系 1 Those who want to go please sign their names here 2 We express the hope that they will come to visit China again 3 He didn t tell us the date when he would come back 4 I have no idea when he will come back 2 从句的作用不同 同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的具体内容 于先行词是同位关 系 定语从句用来修饰 限定先行词的意义 与先行词是修饰关系 1 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging 从句说明 消息 的内容 我们队取得了决赛胜利 2 The news that you told us is really encouraging 从句对 消息 加以限定 是你告诉我们的 而非来自其他渠道 但消息是何内容却 不得而知 3 引导从句的关联词 that 的功能不同 that 引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词 不充当任何成 分 但一般不可省略 而引导定语从句的 that 是关系代词 既指代先行词又须在从句中充 当成分 作宾语时常可省略 1 Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test that 不 充当任何成分 2 Dad made a promise that excited all his children that 指代 promise 又在从句中充当 主语 3 The news that he told me is exciting that 作宾语 可省略 4 when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示 时间 地点的名词 则 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句 否则则为同位语从句 如 This is the place where the accident happened They put forward the question where they could get the money 习题训练 1 The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient s fear he would die of the disease 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度9 A that B as C of which D which 2 I ve come from the government with a message the meeting won t be held tomorrow A if B that C whether D which 3 He often asked me the question the work was worth doing A whether B where C that D when 4 There is a feeling in me we will never know what a UFO is A thatB whichC of whichD what 同位语从句 句子句子出处出处建议分值建议分值 没有人能否认自古以来台湾是中国领土这个事实 that 06 崇明一模4 分 简答专练 1 浦东 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words The internal greenhouse effect of a daffodil 水仙花水仙花 Early pollinators 授粉昆虫 struggle with cold weather so it s no wonder that late winter flowers such as daffodil tend to have extended blooming times and long lasting flowers some of which remain open for more than two weeks When the sun is out they can offer a warm microenvironment for bees Although they usually start showing off in the Washington area by late February blooming times for daffodil are highly variable depending on variety weather and planting location Moisture tree cover and mineral availability all affect flowering time but soil temperature tends to have the greatest influence on early blooming flowers The microclimate of a south facing slope will display blooms well before flowers appear in the shadow of a building that gets only a half day of sun Once open the flower can create a microclimate within itself When sunlight hits a daffodilflower its tube shaped corolla acts as a tiny greenhouse raising temperatures inside a flower as much as 15 degrees higher than the surrounding air That s good news for small bees which in late winter have trouble getting warm enough to fly Bumblebees and honeybees prepare to fly on cold days by exercising their flight muscles to generate heat But mining bees which nest in the ground are less able to do that and are more dependent on surrounding temperatures to warm them up for takeoff 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度10 Spanish ecologist Carlos M Herrera studied the relationship between mining bees and native daffodil flowers The bees he studied could fly only if their internal body temperatures approached 72 degrees yet they were able to forage 觅食 in 54 degree weather Basking 取暖 in sunlight on the outside of a warm daffodil bloom was enough to get a bee airborne Heat from flight muscles could then help keep bees in the air but they still relied on blossom basking to supplement their heat needs Although a bee inside a flower has access to warmth and food a bee basking atop a flower can more effectively raise its temperature by absorbing heat both from direct sunlight and from the flower below On those cooler days bees spent most of their foraging time basking but flights between flowers were sometimes interrupted by sudden falls to the ground Herrera wrote in his 1995 paper Fallen bees crawled into some nearby flower and basked before resuming normal foraging Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in No MORE THAN 12 WORDS 81 According to the passage what can help early pollinators to survive cold weather 82 Flowers on a south facing slope usually open earlier because of 83 What does the good news for small bees in paragraph 4 refer to 84 A bee can raise its temperature better at the top of a flower because both are its sources of warmth 81 Late winter flowers extended blooming times Late winter flowers remaining open for long 82 high soil temperature 83 The flower can create a microclimate within itself once open The temperatures inside flowers can be much higher than the surrounding air 84 direct sunlight and the flower below 2 嘉定 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words Working mothers who try to do everything by themselves are more likely to become depressed than those accepting that they are not super humans a recent study of hundreds of women suggests Women are told a story that they can do it all but most workplaces are still designed for employees without child care responsibilities and they can happily combine child raising and a career if they are willing to let some things slide Katrina Leupp a researcher suggests that rather than trying to do everything themselves working women should get family members or others to help with the housework and not feel guilty about leaving work early when family duty calls High earners can follow the lead of actress Anna Friel who let out her secret to dealing with work and being a mother at the same time employing two maids 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度11 A researcher from the University of Washington said Employment is beneficial for women s health even when differences in marital 婚姻的 satisfaction and working full or part time are ruled out But the analysis also found that not all working mothers are equally happy The women with supermum attitudes as young adults showed more signs of depression the American Sociological Society s annual conference stated Women who try to do it all without any help are more likely to feel they are failures when things do not go to plan Very often they may be drowned in tiredness Lack of any me time could also be an issue However she stressed that working women including super mums generally still a lower risk of depression than stay at home mothers adding But for better mental health working mums should accept that they can t do it all Pam Spurr a life coach and mother of two said working women don t have to feel ashamed to take a career break when they have kids to take care of or cut back on time in the office She said We need to accept that we are only human and can t do it all Note Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN THE WORDS 81 According to a recent study in order not to be depressed working mothers 82 How should working women deal with career and family according to Katrina Leupp 83 What are the signs of super mums depression 84 In Pam Spurr s opinion working women need to realize there is no shame in 81 should accept they are not super humans 82 they should get help and leave work early if necessary 83 feelings of failures tiredness and lack of any me time 84 taking a career break with kids or cutting office hours 3 虹口 Section D 源于名校 成就所托源于名校 成就所托 创新三维学习法 高效学习加速度12 Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem As the general standard of living in the country rises the poverty line does too Therefore even with today s relatively high standard of living about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line However if these people had stable jobs they could have an acceptable standard of living Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs For one thing more than half of the poor people in the United States