八年级英语下册 Unit 4 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes 被动语态课件 鲁教版五四制.ppt

unit4teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes被动语态 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 如 manystudentsstudyenglish 主动语态 englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 语态 被动语态的结构 助动词be 过去分词 be done bymanystudents 1 manystudentsstudyenglish english isstudied 2 theymakeshoesinthatfactory shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 1 一般现在时的被动语态结构 is are 过去分词 theyplayfootballonsunday lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening theyoftenusecomputersinclass wemakethesemachinesinbeijing footballisplayedbythemonsunday thehomeworkisdonebylucyintheevening computersareoftenusedbytheminclass thesemachinesaremadeinbeijing 1 theyboughtacomputerlastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 weplantedmanytreeslastyear manytrees wereplanted acomputer wasbought theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday wecleanedourclassroomjustnow theyusedtheroomsforresting thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow theroomswereusedforrestingbythem 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 begoingtobe willbe 过去分词 1 theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays thework willbefinished 2 tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow theroom isgoingtobecleaned bytomtomorrow wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 amycantakegoodcareofgina byamy gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 youshoulddrinkmorewater morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 hecantakecareofthebaby 2 lucymaydrawthepictures 3 youmustturnoffthelights 4 theyshouldlearnenglishwell thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim thepicturemaybedrawnbylucy thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 5 现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is am are being 过去分词 1 someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow therooms arebeingpainted 2 heiswatchingtv tv isbeingwatched byhim 6 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have has been 过去分词 1 wehavemadeakey byus akey hasbeenmade 2 wehavefinishedourcompositions ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 这些书是为儿童写的 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 it ssaid reported that 据说 据报道it sreportedthatitwillraintomorrow 据报道 明天会下雨 2 强调动作的承受者 这时应用by短语 thecupwasbrokenbydavid 3 作客观说明时 常采用一种被动语态句型 被动语态的几种类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 如 1 hegavemeabook iwasgivenabookbyhim abookwasgiventomebytom 2 iboughthimabook hewasboughtabookbyme abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme givemeabook 间 直 giveabooktome 直 间 to pass give show bringfor make buy draw theytakegoodcareofmychild iturnedofftheradio 2 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 mychildistakengoodcareof theradiowasturnedoff byme 即hear watch see make let 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 1 isawhimplaybasketballlastsunday he wasseen toplaybasketballlastsunday 2 thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours he ismade toworkfor10hours 3 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 4 过去分词做后置定语 表示被动 aboycalledtom一个叫tom的男孩abookboughtyesterday一本昨天买的书 5 过去分词做宾补 表示被动 get make havesthdone使某物被 makemeunderstood使我被理解 使人理解我havemyhaircut使我头发被剪 请人给我剪头 1 当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时 不能改为被动语态 weoftenhelpeachother 2 have takeplace happen feel感觉起来 look看起来 sound taste smell不用于被动如 ihaveabike anaccidenthappenedtohim themusicsoundsbeautiful 6 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 lileigavetomanewpenlastweek 同上 anewpen tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby practice 3 alotofpeopleinchinacanspeakenglishnow 同上 english byalotofpeopleinchinanow 4 ihavelearnedenglishforabouttwoyears 同上 english forabouttwoyears 5 theywillreadthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willberead 5 doyouliketheskirt it soft a isfeelingb feltc feelsd isfelt6 areyoustillhere youwerehereanhourago who for a areyouwaitingb didyouwaitc wereyouwaitingd doyouwait 7 toknowprofessorzhang a hesaidb isaidc heissaidd itsays8 iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow sorry already a ittookb ittakesc itistakingd ithasbeentaken 9 theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday a hadpost hadarrivedb wasposted arrivedc posted arrivedd hadbeenposted wasarrived10 hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextthursday a isgivenb willbegivenc wouldhavegivend wouldbegiven 11 water intoice a willchangedb mustbechangedc shouldchanged canbechanged12 thebirds flyawaylastsaturday a lettob islettoc wasletd wereletto 13 astrangesound yesterdayevening a washeardb hearsc heardd isheard14 abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates a senttob willsenttoc wassenttod willbesentfor 15 misschen just tospeakatthemeeting a has beenaskedb hasbeen askedc havebeen askedd have beenasked16 meat outinthisshop wecan now a havebeensold getnothingb hasbeensold getnothingc hasbeensold getsomed havebeensold getsome 17 thenewplay intheatrenow whydon tyougoinandseeit a isbeingshownb isshowingc isshownd shows18 canyoutell a whendidithappenb whenwasithappenedc whenithappenedd whenitwashappened 19 thejob bylucyorbyjohn a has finishedb has beingfinishedc is finishd has beenfinished 1 ourschool in2002 开办 2 theyoungtreesmust well 照顾 3 thisbuilding 建成 lastyear 4