考研英语完型填空部分总结.docVIP

完型填空1.技巧红花绿叶原则1. 红花词汇(必选的单词) however although yet because 2. 绿叶词汇(必不选的单词) since(家族都不选) even since ,now that,what. 涉及虚拟语气的词汇(表示与现实相反或不相符的情况) if only 但愿. 与过去相反, 从句过去完成 与现在相反,一般过去时 与将来情况相反 would/could+v 所以用if only 最少是过去时.一般在文中很少选择,in case(唯恐,万一以免),lest,or else.(否则要不然) 表示关于的词 as to，with regard to，about，with/ in reference to， 概率原则 1.每篇完形填空中，A,B,C,D作为正确选项的个数在4-6之间。 2. A选项出现的次数最多，蒙一水的A。 3. 没有连续三个答案都一样的情况。连续两个答案都连在一起的答案0-3.相邻答案都不一 样的概率17-20. 4. 五组答案中至少要出现3个字母作为正确选项，每组接缝处没有连续两个答案是一样的 情况。 5. 阅读理解也有此规律。同义原则 1. 四个选项中两个或三个实词（名、动、形、副）互为同义时，答案往往在其中。 2. 四个选项中当两个或三个虚词互为同义词是往往都不选，介词，连词，感叹词。 3. 当四个选项有一个共同的意思时，该意思往往不能被选。 逻辑关系题原则：最重要的一个（7个左右），通过前后句的意思及其内在关系来判定答案的题目。（本质上是阅读）。内容：对立因果并列总分递进。 1.表示对立关系： 转折：however、but、yet、nevertheless 让步：although、though、even though、even if 、much as、as，while、whereas 其它：against、instead of、rather than、admit、ignoring、on the contrary、by constrast。 对立关系考点： 后句对前句直接否定是，叫转折。当后句是对前句间接部分否定时，叫让步。Although和but，because和for不能在同一句中同时出现。Although、because从属连词。But、for（and）并列连词。从属连词既可以放在句首，又可以放在句中，从属连词放在句中时前面一般不加逗号。而并列连词只能放在句中，前面逗号可加可不加。For后面跟的是一个句就是连词不可以放，如果只是一个名 词时就是介词短语可以随意放的. ough做副词时可以插入状语。放于中间时前后都要有逗号。 while和whereas的区别。While可引导省略式的状语从句，whereas不行。 While可引导省略式的状语从句的条件：一从句主语和主句主语相一致；二.从句是系表结构。满足这两个条件后，从句的主语和系东西可省略。 例：The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. 48.A but B while C and D whereas The phenomenon is avoiding while:尽管，虽然 当.的时候 于此同时. 判断对立关系的标准： A.根据句子意思标准. B.根据褒贬色彩。 例：He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil.Benefits have been weighed 40 harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult 40.A above B upon C against D withC.根据句式结构,前面肯定后面否定,或者前面否定,后面肯定. 例如:not题目两个句子之间的关系；选项是一些表对立关系的词。 All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 40.A provided B since C although Dsupposing 38 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 38. A on the contrary B on the average C on the whole D on the other hand B项一定要有数字才能用，D项一定要有on one hand 48 31题。P54 6题。每年都有一道not题目。 注意，逻辑关系题目优先做的理由 A选项都认识 b范围确定 c.往往不需要通读全文,只要看前后句子. 三板斧:红花绿叶，逻辑关系，同义原则。 2.因果关系表原因的词:because、in that、now that、since、as、for、as a result of、considering 表结果的词：so that，such that、as a result 、lead to、consequently、therefore、hence、thus、so Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . 34. A contrarily B consequently Csimilar D simultaneously 因果关系 A是对比关系。C和d是并列关系用词，但是文中分号的作用已经说明逻辑关系，不用再用c和d。 Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism. 26.A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding 27.A on B in C for D with 表对立，c之所以不行是因为和also重复。The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. _1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly _2_. To help homeless people _3_ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _4_ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 1. A Indeed B Likewise C Therefore D Furthermore Such.that 表因果所以c不可选,重复了.3并列关系.常用词:and、as well as、likewise、while、similarly、simultaneously、meanwhile. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . 37. A off B down C out D alone Let down失望，沮丧let off 泄漏 let out 淘汰 let alone 更不用说，不用去管。 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. 21. A thought B idea C opinion D advice 句子之间的并列关系。Give ideaopiniononabout 搭配不对give advice to sb on sth. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.(2003) 21.A acting B relying C centering D commenting 22.A before B unless C until D because 23.A interactions B assimilation C cooperation D consultation 24.A return B reply C reference D response 25.A or B but rather C but D or else 本段总分结构，2，3句话是并列结构。focusing on 以.为焦点,对应21题目的选项. In reference to 关于 绿叶词 in reply to 对.进行答复 in return to作为.的报答. In response to 对.作出反应.failure to 没能够,未能够. 4.总分关系:for example、for instance(插入状语) 、such as、including. The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. 31.A as to B for instance C in particular D such as prominent cases重大案件the trial of Rosemary West 罗斯玛丽的小案 as to关于. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 28. A in effect B as a result C for example D in a sense 13年来考察的插入状语. for example、for instance though. 5.递进关系(考的不多):still、also、indeed、furhermore（进一步）、moreover（而且， 除外）highlighting(突出强调) A.递进关系是并列关系的一种。 B.still与also的区别。Still是指意见事情的递进。Also可以指一件，有可以指两件事情。 C.furthermore仅指同一间事情的递进，indeed，可以指一件，有可以指两件事情。 最好能做对8-9个。 复现原则:某一概念在完型填空中出现两次或者两次以上时，它的提法应该是以一样的，也就是相对应的成分彼此互为答案。 The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it _14_ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can _15_ new receptors if necessary. This may _16_ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not _17_ of the usual smell of our own house but we _18_ new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors _19_ for unfamiliar and emergency signals _20_ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 16. Astill Balso Cotherwise Dnevertheless 17. Asure Bsick Caware Dtired 18. Atolerate Brepel Cneglect Dnotice 19. Aavailabe Breliable CidentifiableDsuitable 20. Asimilar toBsuch as Calong with Daside fromChanges in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy (that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 )make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 29. A affect B reduce C check D reflect 30. A point B lead C come D amount 31. A in general B on average C by contrast D at length 32. A case B short C turn D essence 33. A survived B noticed C undertaken D experienced 34. A contrarily B consequently Csimilar D simultaneously 35. A than B that C which D as 36. A system B structure C concept D heritage31,that处，名词后加that，两种可能性定语从句或者同位语，完整的一句话是同位语，缺成分的是从句。本处缺主语。根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系来选择，他们的逻辑关系直接决定谓语的选择。31处.后面是的make/keep/find +宾语+宾语补足语.13年之考过这三个词引导过宾语和宾补.33前面also表示递进,是三段引领的总分结构,为了做36题目.36题呼应29前面的表语原则: 如果所考空是标语,那么主语就是线索当标语是名词时它和主语是对等关系;当标语是形容词时或相当于形容词时和主语是修饰关系.第五步：v，n, adj，adv。 As was discussed before, it was not22 the 19thcentury that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading26through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 .It is important to do so. 23.A means B method C medium D measure The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners. 49.A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable 主语是the speaker .只有d可以修饰人.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50that can be understood by his listeners. 49.A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable2.固定搭配a number of 若干 above all 首要，尤其 be absorbed in 专心于 by accident 偶然 account for 说明 on account of 因为，由于takeinto account 考虑 be accustomed to 习惯于 add up to 合计，总计 in addition 另外 in addition to 除之外 in advance 提前，预先 take advantage of 利用 ahead of 在前面，先于 in the air 在流行中，在传播中 after all 终于，毕竟， all but 几乎，差一点 all over 遍及，到处 all right 行，可以 at all 完全，根本 in all 总共，共计 make allowances for 考虑，顾及，体谅 in alliance with 与联盟 leavealone 听其自然，不要去管 let alone 更不用说 along with 与一起 one after another 一个接一个 one another 互相 apart from 除去 as for 至于，就方面说 as if 好像，仿佛 as though 好像，仿佛 as to 至于，关于 as well 也，一样 aside from 除之外 ask for 请求，要求 pay attention to 注意 on the average 平均，一般来说 right away 立即，马上 back and forth 来回，往返，来来往往地 back off 放，让步，退却 back up 支持，援助 on the basis of 根据because of 由于，因为 on behalf of 代表，为了 at the best 充其量，至多 do / try ones best 尽力get the best of胜过 make the best of 充分利用 for the better 好转，改善 get the better of 打败，智胜 had better 最好还是，应该 on board 在船/车飞机上 be bound to 必定，一定 break away 脱离，逃跑 break down 损坏，分解，瓦解 break in 强行进入，闯入break into 闯入 break out 突发，爆发 break through 突破 break up 终止，结束，打碎 catch ones breath 屏息 out of breath 喘不过气来， in brief 简而言之 bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤 bring forth 产生，提出 bring forward 提出 bring out 使出现，公布 bring to 使恢复知觉 bring up 教育，培养，使成长build up 积累，树立，逐步建立 in bulk 散装，大批 burn out烧掉 burn up烧完，烧尽 call for 邀请，要求，需要 call forth 唤起，引起 call off 放弃，取消 call on / upon 访问，拜访 call up 召集，动员 care for 照顾，关心 take care小心，当心 take care of 照顾，照料， carry off 夺去 carry on 继续下去，坚持下去 carry out 贯彻，执行，实现 in any case 无论如何，总之 in case 假如，万一 in no case 决不 catch on 理解，明白 catch up with 追上，赶上by chance 偶然，碰巧 take a chance 冒险一试 in charge of 负责，主管 take charge of 担任，负责 check in 办理登记手续 check out 结帐后离开 check upon 校对，检查 cheer up 使高兴，使振奋 around / round the clock 一齐，一致，共同 clear away 扫除，收拾 clea