英语人教版八年级下册问题探究导学资料.docx

问题探究一：一般过去时与一般现在时的区别 一般现在时一般过去时1表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3表示客观真理。 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves around the earth.1. 表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。 e.g. I was at the zoo yesterday. I went to bed at eleven last night. 2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child, I often played football in the street. My father often drove to work last year. 陈述句构成：1. 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。Be 的用法：I用 am，you用are，is用于他(he)、她(she) 、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are. E.g.: I am a teacher. You are a worker. She/He is a student. We/You/They are students.2. 主语+行为动词+其它。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,动词第三人称单数的变化规则： 1. 直接在词尾加s swim-swims 2.当词尾是s,x,sh,ch,o时，加es 例如： go-goes watch-watches3. 当词尾是辅音字母加y时，把y改为i加es carry-carries 4. 特殊变化： have-has be-is e.g. Mary likes English. 陈述句构成：1. 在表示某个时间里存在的状态主语+be的过去式(was, were)+其它。Be的过去式的用法: was用于我(I)、他(he)、她(she) 、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用were. E.g.: I was at home yesterday. We were in the gym just now.2. 在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作主语+动词的过去式+其它。动词过去式的规则变化： 1. 直接在词尾加 ed look-looked2. 以e结尾之直接加d use-used3. 以辅元辅结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed stop-stopped 4. 以辅音加y结尾，把y改成i加ed try-triede.g. He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.当堂检测：用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He didnt go out last night. He (stay) at home and _(watch) TV. 2.It _(be)windy yesterday. 3. Last night I (read) a book about history. 4.He _(watch) TV every night.5. He _(like) to play basketball. 6.Ms.Zhao (be) an English teacher. 问题探究二：过去进行时与现在进行时的区别过去进行时态1用法：过去某个时间正在发生的动作 过去某段时间正在发生的动作例：Hewas cookingat six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。例：Iwas stayinghere from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。2与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night/at that time= then/at this time yesterday/或when the teacher came in/while he was reading的提示3过去进行时的构成：waswere +现在分词4过去进行时的四个基本句型 肯定句 Hewas cookingat six last night.否定句 Hewas not cookingat six last night. 一般疑问句Washecookingat six last night?两回答 Yes ,hewas.No, hewasnt. 特殊疑问句Whatwashedoingat six last night?现在进行时态1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be（am， is，are）+动词ing.2现在进行时表示“正在”标志性时间状语：now, look, listen，its oclock,3动词加ing的变化规则1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：look - looking, climb - climbing, jump - jumping,play - playing, go - going , draw - drawing2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing.(see的e是发音的，所以不能去掉，要直接加ing。see - seeing )如：make - making, have - having, ride - riding,3）元音加辅音，重读闭音节，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing.如：run - running, swim - swimming, sit - sitting,cut-cutting, hop - hopping, get - getting.当堂检测：用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He _ (watch)TV at nine last night. 2. What _the twins _(do) then? 3._you _ (have) supper at that time? 4. Jack _ (not read) a book at nine yesterday evening. 5.What _he _(do) at nine oclock last night. 6.They _(listen)to the music at that time. 7.Look, three boys _（run）. 8. What _ your mother _ （do）now? 9. _ your dog _ （sleep）now? 10. look, Mr. Ma _ （play） football. 11. Listen, someone _ （sing）in the classroom. 12. Where is Li Hao? He _ （talk）with Mr. Ma in the teachers office. 问题探究三：when和while引导的时间状语从句任务1：请找出以下时间状语从句中的主句与从句1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 4、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 5、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。任务2： 讨论与总结when和while的区别while引导的时间状语从句多用过去进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时态。 例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。任务3：拓展学习1、when的其它含义和用法：就在那时候 (= and then) 例句如下We were camping on the hill when it began to rain 我们正在山上露营， 突然下起雨来了。 I was about to enter the room when the door was closed 我正要进屋， 门忽然被关上了。2、 while的其它含义和用法： (1) 然而， 可是 （表示对比、并列陈述）I like coffee while my sister likes tea 我喜欢咖啡， 而我姐姐喜欢喝茶。 Im a teacher while my elder brother is a policeman.我是一名教师，而我的哥哥是名警察。I was preparing for the exam while they were chatting 我在准备考试， 可他们却在闲聊。 (2) 只要 （表示条件）While there is water, there is hope of life 只要有水， 就有生存的希望。 Ill offer help to those poor children while Im alive 只要我活着， 就要帮助那些贫困的孩子。 (3) while在语气上含有让步之意。 While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person 尽管我承认他并不完美， 但我确实真地喜欢他这个人。 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them 虽然他爱他的学生， 但对他们的要求也很严格。 当堂检测：用when或while填空1._we left the house， he was still sitting in the garden 2.My finger was cut_I was cooking in the kitchen yesterday 3._I understand what you say, I cant agree with you 4. We were boating(划船)on the lake_suddenly someone cried for help 5.I was doing my homework _my father was watching TV.6 I like talk shows_he likes news.7Ill love you forever _ Im alive.练习：本课时知识点综合训练( )1._ I bought a newspaper, my sister was waiting for the train.AWhile BIf CAfter DWhen( )2.While I was talking on the phone，Helen _ The Little Prince.Awill watch Bwas watching Cwatches Dis watching( )3.Were you having breakfast at seven oclock this morning?_.I was taking a shower.AYes，I did BYes，I was C