2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山东卷)(解析精编版).doc

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）（解析精编版）英 语山东省邹平县魏桥中学英语组 郑老师【试卷总评】2013年山东省高考英语试题秉承了往年山东卷难度适中、不偏不怪这一优良传统，与往年保持相对稳定，难度适中，不偏不怪，内容丰富，试题考点都是中学常见常考的内容。今年英语科目难度降低，属于“预料之中”，对于英语高手来说，这份试题很难体现出他们的真正实力，试卷整体区分度不大。同时，试题在选材、设题等方面进行了优化和一定程度的创新。各题型的具体特点如下：1. 听力部分话题丰富，贴近考生明年山东高考不再有听力了，“最后一场听力”是否会成为“史上最难”？听力部分的考察并没有成为“拦路虎”。 今年英语题目难度降低。除了中下游学生反映，英语听力的前五个句子信息量大，听起来有点吃力外，其他题目难度都适中。试题秉承了往年一贯的风格：整体难度与往年保持基本一致，语音清晰，语速适当，内容生活化，题目设置合理。话题都源自考生熟悉的日常生活场景，话题覆盖面广，对话内容逻辑清楚，语言流畅，难度适中。2. 单项填空考点微调，目标明确单项选择题目依然延续了以往的风格，考查点诸如定语从句、非谓语动词等常规类型，是学生平常练习较多的基础知识点，考查得比较全面；单项填空题避免了机械的语法知识考查，而是将语法知识融入到完整自然的语境中进行考查，考生在答题时不会有陌生感，容易理解。今年该部分没有专门考查词汇知识的试题，主要考查了一些基础的语法知识如时态、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词、代词、冠词、介词等，同时该题突出了中学英语教学的几个重点和难点，其中第24、27题分别考查了一般过去时和现在完成时的用法，第31、35题考查了定语从句的相关知识，第25、29、33题考查了非谓语动词的用法，第26、28题考查了状语从句的相关知识。3. 完形填空注重选材，导向积极完形填空也不陌生，以第一人称开头，围绕“我”的变化展开叙述，学生容易理解，也比较综合地考查了学生英语水平。选用了一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个凡事总以自我为中心的年轻人，在经历一番挫折和反思之后，终于明白了为人处世的道理，从而变得善良而又成熟的故事。在当今社会，我们都不是孤立的个体，在生活中应打开心扉，与周围的人多沟通、多交流，多关爱他人，这样我们在帮助他人的过程中自己也可以获得友谊和幸福感。该文主题明确，条理清晰，叙事通畅明了，逻辑性强，语言地道生动，内容颇具教育意义，有助于学生形成正确的情感态度和价值观。4.阅读理解，相对偏难，但总体难易得当，设题合理详见阅读理解考点定位解读5.阅读表达设题巧妙，注重能力详见考点定位解读6.写作试题贴近生活，平中见奇详见考点定位解读总之，2013年高考（山东卷）英语试题延续了往年的风格，选材合理、题型稳定、难度适中。试题在稳定中有些许细微的变化，在实现选拔目的的前提下，对中学英语教与学有着积极的导向作用。第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. A. eitherB. any C. each D. another 【答案】A【解析】根据句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。短语noteither=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。【考点定位】考查代词用法22. It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填【答案】B【解析】第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。故答案为B。【考点定位】考查冠词用法23.How far can you run without stopping? _. Ive never tried. A. Dont mention it B. Thats all right C. I have no ideaD. Go ahead 【答案】C【解析】根据后句“我从未尝试过”，可知“我不知道”。故答案选C。【考点定位】考查交际用语24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【答案】B【解析】根据题干部分didnt可知基础时态为一般过去时态；再根据句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部电影，而实际上这是部相当好的电影。故使用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。【考点定位】考查动词时态25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. standsD. stood 【答案】A【解析】现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unlessB. until C. althoughD. since 【答案】D【解析】根据句意：Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。连词since表“由于，因为”符合语境。【考点定位】考查状语从句27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving 【答案】C【解析】根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”，可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。【考点定位】考查动词时态28. _I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. Whoever D. However 【答案】B【解析】句意为：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选B（每当，无论什么时候）。【考点定位】考查状语从句29. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken 【答案】C【解析】句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 【答案】D【解析】动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。【考点定位】考查名词性从句31. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. asB. that C. when D. where 【答案】A【解析】此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。【考点定位】考查定语从句32. This is a really lively party. Theres a great atmosphere, isnt there? _ The hosts know how to host a party. A. Dont worryB. Yes, indeedC. No, theres isnt D. It all depends【答案】B【解析】第一个人说：这确实是一个热闹的聚会。气氛很好，对吧？后句说，主持人知道如何主持一个聚会。据此可知回答第一个人时应该肯定，故选B（是的，确实）。【考点定位】考查交际用语33. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating 【答案】A【解析】句意为：因为以前曾经在自助餐厅吃过，Tina再也不想在那儿吃了。动词eat与主语Tina之间为主动关系，再根据句中before可知需强调eat这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成体Having eaten表主动完成，作原因状语。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词34. The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for 【答案】D【解析】句意为：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for.“因.而受到称赞”。【考点定位】考查介词35. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. which D. whom 【答案】C【解析】句意为：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which.【考点定位】考查定语从句第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people_36_I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a_37_person. I think my _38_started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my_39_and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever_40_ to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really_41_. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So tried a(n) _42_. I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I_43_ to help. That was really a big_44_for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of_45_are still my best friends today. A bigger cause of my new_46_, however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimers disease became my_47_ . Every time I came into her room, she was so _48_ because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never_49_her, so I took her place. She let me _50_that making others feel good made me feel good, too. When she died, I was_51_, but I was very grateful to her. I think I am a much_52_ person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not_53_ these experiences. They have _54_ me to care about other people more than about myself. I _55_who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago. 【要点综述】本文叙述了“我”从以自我为中心的一个人到关心关爱他人的一个人的蜕变。从最开始在Palomar College开始认识到这个问题而做出改变到“我”做兼职时的巨大改变，现在的“我”已经是一个能主动关心关爱他人的一个人了。36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless【答案】B【解析】根据前文，以前曾是一个以自我为中心的人，但过去两年已经开始改变。因此我已经开始为他人考虑了。为他人考虑就应该在考虑自己之前，故选before。37. A. famousB. simpleC. different D. skilled 【答案】C【解析】我非常高兴，以为我正变成一个与以前那个以自我为中心的人不一样的人了。故选different。A,著名的，B，简单的，D，训练有素的。都不符合题意！38. A. education B. careerC. tourD. change【答案】D【解析】我认为我的变化是开始于就读Palomar大学的时候。用change“变化”。而education教育，career职业生涯，tour旅行，观光明显不符合。39. A. balanceC. homeworkC. degreeD. interest 【答案】C【解析】起初，我只是想要得到我的学历，所以单独呆着。故选C学历。A. balance平衡 C. homework作业D. interest兴趣，显然不符！40. A. talked B. wrote C. lied D. reported 【答案】A【解析】语境：我以为我比其他人都聪明，所以我很少跟班上的人说话。故选A。B. wrote写作；C. lied撒谎D. reported作报告41. A. carefulB. lonelyC. curiousD. guilty 【答案】B【解析】根据后文：除了我每个人都交了朋友，都很快乐。因此，我确实很孤独。故选B。而A仔细的；C好奇的；D为内疚、有罪的意思。42. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence 【答案】C【解析】根据后文，我开始询问周围的人怎么样，可知我开始尝试与人交流。此处experiment“实验”，表示我开始尝试一个实验。Argument为争论，game游戏，defence辩护、防御等明显语意不符。43. A. dared B. offered C. hesitated D. happened 【答案】B【解析】offer to help“主动提出帮助”，根据前后文语境，作者询问他人是否有他可以帮忙的麻烦。44. A. dream B. problemC. duty D. step 【答案】D【解析】对我来说，那确实是一个很大的进步。step“步伐，迈步”。此处意为我有了一次很大的迈步。而梦想，问题，责任等其他选项则不合适。45. A. usB. which C. them D. whom【答案】C【解析】此题辨析并列句和关系从句。根据两句间连词and可知两句关系为并列，故使用人称代词；根据句意：我交了几个新朋友，其中两个至今也是我最好的朋友。46. A. attitude B. hobbyC. hope D. luck 【答案】A【解析】根据本段的叙述，我在Vista Nursing Home做兼职的时候所遇到的一件事是使他有了彻底转变以前态度的动机。故此处选attitude（态度）别的选项的意思依次为爱好、希望和运气。47. A. friendB. partnerC. guide D. guest 【答案】A【解析】一个有阿尔茨海默氏病的老人成为了我的朋友。从后文可以看出她们的关系很好。此题很好的考差了做完形填空题要前后文联系的方法，别的选项，搭档、向导和客人显然文不达意。48. A. politeB. happy C. strange D. confident 【答案】B【解析】因为老人认为我是她女儿，所以每次我去她房间的时候，她很高兴（happy）。语境考察，A礼貌；C陌生、奇怪；D自信。49. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. trusted 【答案】C【解析】她的女儿从来都没来看望（visit）她，因此我就取代了她女儿的位置。A、B、D依次为打扰、回答和信任的意思。50. A. explainB. guessC. declareD. see【答案】D【解析】她让我明白，让他人心情愉快同时也会让自己心情很好。此处see的意思为明白的意思，而不是作看见讲。51. A. homeless B. heartbrokenC. bad-tempered D. hopeless 【答案】B【解析】当她去世的时候，我很伤心。经常相处的老人去世了，我应该很伤心（heartbroken）。别的选项的意思依次为：无家可归、坏脾气和无望，用在此处不合适。52. A. quieterB. busier C. better D. richer【答案】C【解析】比起以前，我觉得我现在是一个更好的人。Better为比较级，表示更好，别的选项也都是比较级，但是意思不符合此处语境，此题比较简单。53. A. forget B. faceC. improve D. analyze 【答案】A【解析】因为这些经历对我来说意义非凡，所以我希望不会忘记（forget）。B、C、D依次为面对、提高和分析的意思。54. A. forced B. preferred C. ordered D. taught【答案】D【解析】这些经历教会（taught）我更多地关注他人而不是自己。此处比较而言，只有taught更符合题意！55. A. missB. like C. wonder D. expect 【答案】B【解析】我是喜欢现在的我，而在几年前我却不能这么说。Miss错过，wonder想知道，expect期望，这三个选项不符合题意和语境【考点定位】完形填空考查了7个动词、6个名词、5个形容词、1个代词和1个连词，重点考查考生根据上下文选择恰当词汇的能力，考点设置合理，20个题目考查对象以实词为主，考查目标明确。在干扰项的设计上，避免了干扰项与正确选项意义相反或相近度过高而引起的干扰性过弱或过强的情况，以使考生的作答情况能充分反映出不同层次考生对短文的理解程度和综合运用英语的能力。由于完形填空题选用的是记叙文，学生比较容易掌握故事梗概，因此本题整体难度不大。第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job. One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed. Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?” Jimmys heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?” he thought to himself. Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company. “Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. 56. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of work B. He was bored with his job C. He wanted a higher positionD. He hoped to find a better boss57. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A. A friends car had a flat tyreB. a wild man was pushing a carC. a terrible accident happened D. an old mans car broke down58. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?A. He was also to be interviewed B. He needed a traveling companionC. He always helped people in needD. He was thankful to Jimmy 59. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?A. He was sorry for the other applicantsB. There was no hope for him to get the job C. He regretted helping the old man D. The interviewer was very rude 60. What can we learn from Jimmys experience？A. Where there is a will, theres a wayB. A friend in need is a friend indeedC. Good is rewarded with good. D. Two heads are better than one 56.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首句“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago”可知。文中lost his job被同义置换为was out of work。故选A。57.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段话“he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car”说明老人的车抛锚了，具体什么问题，文章未提到。故选D。58.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。前文说到在修完车后他回绝了老人修理费；再根据老人所说“Its the least I could do. Please, I insist”，可知老人是因为感激而主动送他去面试场的。故选D。59.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据老人的问题“你确实需要面试吗？”及Jimmy的所想“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview”可知，以他当时的状态，他无法通过面试。故选B。60.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。Jimmy在应聘途中无偿地帮助的老人正是他去面试公司的总经理，而后他被提供了那份工作。从这个故事中我们不难认识到：善有善报（Good is rewarded with good）。A项“有志者事竟成”；B项“患难见真情”；D项“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”。【考点定位】本文体裁为记叙文。本文叙述了主人公Jimmy的应聘奇遇：他在去应聘的路途中遇到一个车子抛锚的老人，他帮助老人修好车并一同去了面试现场。面试的时候他才发现，面试他的人竟然是他帮忙为之修车的那个老人。很自然，他获得了那份工作。BGeorge Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of Americas greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs. Many of Gershwins songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country. In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular. In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works. George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written. 61. Many of Gershwins musical works were _ . A. written about New Yorkers B. Composed for Paul WhitemanC. played mainly in the countrysideD. performed in various ways 62. What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?A. It attracted more people to theatresB. It proved jazz could be serious music C. It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra D. It caused a debate among jazz musicians. 63. What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?A. He created one of his best works B. He studied with Nadia BoulangerC. He argued with French critics D. He changed his music style64. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Many of Gershwins works were lost B. The death of Gershwin was widely reported C. A concert was held in memory of GershwinD. Brain cancer research started after Gershwins death. 65. Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A. Talented and productiveB. Serious and boring C. popular and unhappy D. Friendly and honest 61.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段话末句“Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country”可知，其作品以不同的方式来演绎。故选D。62.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段话末句“showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular”可知此次音乐会是证明了爵士也可以是严肃音乐。63.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段话可知，他在巴黎写了An American in Paris及后文“it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works”可知答案选A。64.【答案】B【解析】细节判断题。根据最后一段话“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages”可知，全世界的报刊都在头版报道了他去世的消息。故答案为B。65.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段话“George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of Americas greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.” 可知他极具天赋；再根据第一段话“During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs”可知他是多产的作曲家。通读全文，我们也不难得出结论。【考点定位】本文为人物传记类文章。本文讲诉了美国伟大爵士音乐作曲家George Gershwin的音乐生涯及爵士乐在历史上存在的一些争议。CYou cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella. The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said. The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360motion sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether anyones using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not