定语从句讲解及练习.doc

中考定语从句要点【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他送我的生日礼物。Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来参加聚会的所有人吗？I still remember the night when I first came to the village?我仍然记得我第一次来到这个村子的那个夜晚。This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经住过的地方。二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢只说不做的人。The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.河北省生产的车卖得很好。2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.我祖母给我的那本书叫大逃亡。3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他姐姐是个医生的那个男士叫什么名字？The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.那个女孩儿学习很刻苦，她爸爸是个医生。（whose 引导的定语从句的句子常译成两句汉语）4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我决不会忘记我第一次来北京的那一天。This is the house where I was born.这就是那栋房子，我出生在那里。三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.谁打坏了这扇窗户都得赔。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.那个穿着黑色夹克的男孩儿很聪明。2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。（现在的语法简化为，在大多数情况下，who也可以在从句中作宾语）例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇见的那个人吗？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.你想见的李先生已经来了。3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.那个女孩儿今天正待在家里，她的母亲病了。I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识这个男孩儿，他的父亲是个教授。4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.辞典是一本解释词汇意思的书。Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.这就是那本老师昨天提到过的书。5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that carries the important news.我已经读过那些有重要信息的报纸了。Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那边读报纸的人是谁？6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我永远不会忘记我们在农场上工作的那段时光。 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 我离开的那天他到了北京。7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是那所我们去年住过的房子。 The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 他爸爸上班的那个工厂在城市的东部。四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. （那就是我们曾经住过十年的房间。）五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. （他说的都是事实。） (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.（他是唯一去过那儿的外国人。）(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.（他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。）(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.（这是我今年读过的最好的书。）(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.（他谈了谈他记得的人和事。）2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.（会议被推迟了，这正中我们的下怀。） (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.（他正和我们说的事情有重要意义。）【中考范例】1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2. (2004年常州市中考试题) The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading