时态讲解与练习.doc

时态讲解一、一般现在时主要用于：1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。It seldom snows here.2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 He is always ready to help others.3 、普遍真理。Action speaks louder than words.4 、剧情图片介绍，背景说明，动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有always, often, never, seldom, usually, once,a week,now 等。二、一般过去时主要用于：1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性的动作或状态）When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didnt know you were so busy.3 、谈到已死人的情况Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的 时间状语从句表示主句动作开始的时间。三、现在完成时主要用于：1.表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we havent seen each other.2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事与这一时态连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。 现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。 Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch? I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father. 注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：Have you seen the six thirtys news program? 应改为： Did you see the six thirtys news program?四、现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强 调 动作延续时间之长久。e.g. Ive been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）Ive written an article. 我写了一篇文章。（已写完）It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。五、过去完成时1. 过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。 e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。 Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 .过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight oclock, he had finished his homework. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： by 1985, by eight oclock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。（六）现在进行时主要用于：1表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作What are you doing these days?2 代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。 How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 3 动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：now, these days, recently, this week 等。七、过去进行时主要用于：表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。 At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。 与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：at nine oclock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。 用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.1.while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.2 、 when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”，连接两分句时，第一句多用过去进行时。I was reading a newspaper when he came in. 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 试区别下面两句： We were building a reservoir last winter. （可能尚未建成） We built a reservoir last winter.（已经建成）八、一般将来时主要用于： 表示将要发生的动作或情况 e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。 一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别： 一般将来时态 ：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。 be going to 结构 ：表（主观上）打算或准备做某事时。 表有发生某事的预兆时。 They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.be about to do sth 结构意为“刚要做某事”“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫We are about to discuss this problem.be to do sth 结构：表示按计划安排规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。 When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for. 及物动词与不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。1.及物动词： 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。1.及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.2.不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即 宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。 具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了，如listen to,look at.3. 宾语（动作的对象）：是名词或代词，或相当于名词的词或短语（如动名词）。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。4.举例：“看” (1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy. (2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing. Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副词，不是名词，故不作宾语哟(3)look at 看.+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词，作宾语了) 连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。 表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。 一、 连系动词的类型有： 1. 存在类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调存在。常见的有:be(是),look(看 起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good. 2. 持续类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调持续。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter? 3. 变化类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调变化后的情况或 状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.一请用正确的动词和时态填入下列各词：1. He _ back a month ago. (come)2. My mother often tells me _ in bed. (not read)3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _it for 24 hours. (保存)4. Why have you kept me _here for so long a time? (wait5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes)7. In his letter, he said that he _us very much. (miss9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest)8. He went to school instead of _home. (go)9. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _a job. (找10. Its cold outside, so youd better _your coat. (穿上11. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat)12. Please dont waste time _TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch) 13. You have dropped your pencil. _. (拾起来)14.Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home15. You had better _by bus, or you will be late. (go)16. I will _Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告诉)17. Great changes _in our country since 1978. (take place)18. I _my daughter since last month. (hear from)19. It _ me two days to write the article. (花费)20. Dont touch that _ child. (sleep)21. If I had arrived there earlier, I _ him. (meet)22. I didnt remember _her the book before. (give)23. He called at every door, _people the exciting news. (tell)24. We _football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play)25. Xiao Lin _from here for about two hours. (be away)26. Last night we _back home until the teacher left school. (not go27. Cant you see Im busy _? (cook)28. We could not help _ after we heard the story. (laugh)29. Would you please _me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring)30. He told me that he _the Great Wall the year before. (visit)31. The boy _ by the door is my brother. (stand)32. Do you remember _ the film last year? (see)33. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be)34. _I finish my homework in class? (必须) No, you neednt.35.Im sorry youve missed the last bus. It _ten minutes ago. (leave)36. John stopped _a rest (have) because he _for three hours. (work)37. Im sorry to have kept you _. (wait)38. A new theatre _ now. (build)39. The boys _ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play)40. I regretted answering like that, I was sorry _so. (do)二单项选择1( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( ) 2 Ann _ her hair every week.A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing( ) 3 They usually_TV in the evening.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches( ) 4 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west.A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set2( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _. A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me.A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt( ) 3 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain3( ) 1 -_ they often _ these old men? -Yes, they_.A.Do help are B.Are; helping areC. Do help do D. Are helped; are4( ) 1 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 2 _ you _ to school every day?A. When; go B. When do; go . C. When did; go D. Does; go5( ) 1 _ you _ how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowingD. /; know( ) 2.ese little boys_ playing football.A. are liking B. like C. likes D. were liking6( ) 1 We wont go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. snows B. snowed C. snow D. will snow( ) 2 We wont come back until we _ the work.A. shall finish B. have finished C. will finish D. finish( ) 3 Could you ring me up as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 4 I will not help you with your English if I _ time tomorrow.A. dont have B. will not have C. am not D. wont( ) 5 The next time you _ his parents, tell them I want to see them as soon as possible. A. meet B. will meet C. are going to meet D. met( ) 6 The key will be left on the table when I _A. left B. leave C. will leave D. am leaving7( ) 1 Our classes_at 7: 30 tomorrow morning. A. begin B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 2 The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving( )3 Next month my father _ to China from America. A.returns B. are returning C.are going to return D.would return8( ) 1 Look, in_our maths teacher. A. is coming B. came C. come D. comes( ) 2 -Have you seen my pen? - .A. Here is it B. Here it is C. Here they are D. Here are they( ) 3 Under the table_. A. a ball are B. is a ball C. are a ball D. has a ball9( ) 1 He lived there before he _ to China. A. come B. comes C. came D. coming( ) 2 I _ very hard when I was young.A. study B. studied C. had studied D. shall study( ) 3 A girl _ the wallet and _ A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 4 I _ the blackboard but _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at; was seeing( ) 5 I have no idea what _ while I was asleep.A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened( )6 He said he would help me with my maths if he free. A . was B. will be C. would be D. is10( ) 1 When_to learn English?A.Doe she begin B.did she beginC. has she begun D. she began( ) 2 -I have finished my homework. -When _ you _it? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish( ) 3 My younger brother_ the army_ 1990. A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since( ) 4 The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at( ) 5 I_ my homework at about nine at night.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish11( ) 1 -Sorry, but your address again, please. I_catch it. -Its 28 Zhongshan Road.A. didnt B. dont C. wont D. wouldnt( ) 2 -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to bed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went( ) 3Tom didnt go to see the film with you last night, did he?A. No, he did B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he did D. Yes, he didnt12( ) 1 _ here and ask him about it yesterday?A.Did you come B. Would you not go C. You didnt come D. Arent you go( ) 2 _ he _ a good time last Sunday?A. Were; were B. Did; do C. Did; has D. Did; have( ) 3 The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didnt C. were D. werent( ) 4 -_ the bus _ just now? -Yes, but it has left.A. Has; come B. Did; come C. Is; come D. Does; come13( ) 1 He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off14( ) 1 When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always( ) 2 He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B. always is studying C. is always studying D. studies always( ) 3 Tom _ to school.A. never is late B. never come C. never comes D. is never15( ) 1 When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D. use( ) 2The old man _ out for a walk in the evening.A. used to going B. go C. is used to going D. will go16( ) 1 -My father will be here tomorrow. -Oh, I thought that he_ today.A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. was coming( ). 2 -He has been in the next room.-Sorry, I thought that he_ in Shanghai. A.as B. is C. will be D. has been( ) 3 Oh, you are here? I thought you_on the playground. A. ran B. runs C. are running D. run17 ( ) Look! An elephant_this way.A. was coming B. is coming C. came D. comes( ) 2Be quiet! Im trying to hear what the manA. is saying B. has said C. will say D. says18( ) 1 When we came in, they_their lessons.A. are not doing B. werent doingC. not were doing D. have done( ) 2 My father_ his clothes, but he is repairing his car.A. doesnt wash B. isnt washing C. is washing D. wasnt washing19( )1 _ you _ your homework now?A. Do; doing B. Are; doingC. Were; doing D. Does; do（ ）2 _ your mother _ shopping at the moment?A. Are; doing B. Is; doing C. Is; taking D. Are; taking（ ）3 _ the children _ the radio?A.Is; listening B. Is; listening toC. Are; listening to D. Are; listening20( )1. Who _ at the door?A. do knock B. is knocking C. knock D. knocking( ) 2 What _ she_ when I entered?A. is; doing B. does; do C. was; doing D. d id; do21( ) 1 Could you tell me when_?A. he is coming B. he was coming C. will he come D. is he coming( ) 2 I _ going to London next month.A. will think of B. am thinking of C. think of D. am thought of( ) 3 My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. is coming B. comes C. has come D. came22( )1Listen! Someone_at the door of the meeting-room. A. knocked B. knocks C. is knocking D. was knocking( ) 2 The swimming pool is closed today because the workers_. A. have made repairs B. make repairs C. are making repairs D. are made repairing( ) 3 My brother _a lot. He is reading a new magazine now.A. read B. reads C. has read D. is reading( ) 4 -Who sings best in your class? -Mary_.A. is B. will C. does D. do23( ) I My students_each other.A. are always helping B. always helps C. always are helping D. help always( ) 2 How tired I am, for my little son _.A. is always crying B. cry C. never cries D. always cry24( ) 1 My father_ breakfast at home every day.A. hasnt B. isnt having C. doesnt have D. has had( ) 2 I _ supper when the boy broke in. A. has B. have C. was having D. will have( ) 3 We _ no class on Sundays.A. had B. have C. has D. are having25( ) 1 _the Blacks _TV at seven yesterday?A. Did; watch B. Are, watching C.Were; watching D. Do; watch( ) 2 The scientist a walk in his garden at four last Sunday.A. was taking B. would take C. took D. was taken( ) 3 What_from nine to ten last night?A. did you do B. had you done C.have you done D. were you doing( ) 4 While Tom_ a football match, his sister was reading an interesting story in her room. A. was watching B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched26( )1 When Miss Zhao came into the classroom, the students_.A. talked B. were talking C. talking D. talk( ) 2 When Mary came to see me, I_ the music.A. am listening to B. listened to C. was listening to D. was listening( ) 3 When I arrived there, you_volleyball.A. has already played B. played C. were playing D. would play( ) 4 When I knocked at the door, my mother_.27( ) 1 Mary was drawing a horse on the blackboard when I _ in.A. have come B. came C. am coming D. come( ) 2 The little boy _ when I came into the room. A. is drawing B. draws C. has drawn D. was drawing( ) 3 I _ the floor when my father came in. A. was sweeping B. swept C. sweeping D. am sweeping( ) 4 They _ a meeting when I saw them. A. had B. have had C. were having D. are having( ) 5 -What _ when I phoned you this morning? -I _ my homework and was starting to take a bath. A. were you doing; had just finished B. would you do; have just finished C. are you doing; just finished D. did you do; just finished28( ) 1 Look at the clouds. _. A. Its going to rain B. Itll be raining C. It will be rained D. If 11 rain I( ) 2 Myfamily_to stay in London for some time. A. is going B. are going C. go D. are go( ) 3 There_ two English films next week. A. is going to be B. are going to have C. will have D. are going to be( ) 4 There is going to_ a volleyball match on our school playground. The match is going to_ at six this evening. A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have29( ) 1 -Are you busy this afternoon?-No. I_to watch a football match. A. am going