初一英语知识点(下册).doc

初一英语知识点(下册)1. Could I use your pen?2. listen to sblisten carefully3. be careful =look out4. go homego to workgo to bedgo to schoolgo to the classroom5. February the eighteenth6. Could you help me?Sure/Certainly/Of course7. It has no eyes or ears.=It doesnt have eyes or ears.=It has no eyes and no ears8. Guess what it is.Guess how old he is.9. Heavy(反) lightEmpty(反)fullHungry(反)full10. be full ofThe box is full of books.full ofPlease give her the bag full of apples.11. so young a boy=such a young boy12. Let me help you carry it.13. want sthwant to do sthwant sb to do sth14. All the students are good.Both my hands are cleanAll of the students are goodBoth of my hands are clean.The students are all good.My hands are both clean.He gives all of us eggs.He gives both of us eggs.15. A bottle of A basket of A cup of A bag of 16. Are all the things in the car now?17. He is away.put awayYou should put your things away.=You should put away your things.18. What else can you see?=What other things can you see?something else19.The other+单数=the other两者中另一The other+复数=the others其余Other +复数=others另外Another+单数=another三者以上另一20. My bike is broken.21. get downget upget sth for sbget homeget thereget to schoolget to the shop22. Whats wrong?Whats wrong with sb/sth?23. in the treeon the tree24. Dont worry.worry about sb/sth=be worried about sb/sthI worry about my study.=I am worried about my study.25. I think soI dont think so26. come this way27. thank goodness28. mend the bike29. knife(pl) knives30. There is no picture.31. I have no books.=I dont have any books.=I havent books.32. Thank you very much =Thank you a lot-Thats OK/Thats all right/Its my pleasure/Youre welcome33.反义词同（近）义词同音词Hungry-fullEasy-hardHigh-lowTall shortClose-openClosed-openCheap-expensiveA lot=very muchWhat about= How aboutFast-quickFast-quicklyPut on-take offExpensive-dearWrite-right34. Its time for supper=Its time to have supper.35. have some water36. Whats your favourite food?37. 区分可数名词与不可数名词可数名词不可数名词1.可用a/an,数词修饰，有复数a book, a cake1.不能用a/an,数词修饰，无复数2.可用some, any, a lot of(lots of)修饰some books, any cakesa lot of pears2.可用some, any, a lot of(lots of)修饰some food, any meata lot of rice3.专门修饰可数名词复数的有 many, few, a fewmany books, a few eggs3.专门修饰不可数名词的有 much, little, a littlemuch water, a little money4.可用计量词修饰，用复数a basket of eggstwo boxes of booksmany bags of pears4.可用计量詞修饰a cup of teatwo glasses of juicemany bags of ricea kilo of meat38. would like sth=want sthI would like an apple=I want an apple.Would you like an apple? =Do you want an apple?I wouldnt like an apple =I dont want an apple.39. would like to do sth =want to do sthId like to go home. =I want to go home.40. What would you like?41. something to drinksomething to eatsomething to playnothing to eat42. a piece of 43. have some/much/no time to do sthI have no time to go home for lunch.44. have sports =do sport45. be good at sth=do well in sthbe good at doing sth =do well in doing sth46. play basketballplay footballplay volleyball47. pass sth to sb =pass sb sthI pass a book to him. =I pass him a book.pass sth on to sb =pass on sth to sb48. Let me trytry sth on =try on sthtry to do sth49. want a go50. throw sth away51. fly a kite52. Throw it like this.Dont throw it like that.53. 情态动词的用法can must could1.无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形He can swim.I can swim.They can swim.2.否定句在情态动词加notHe cant swim.I cant swim.3.疑问句情态动词提前Can he swim?Can you swim?4.回答一般用情态动词，有些特殊的Could you help me? SureCould I borrow your pen?-Certainly, here you are.54. a basketball fan55. basketball player56. on the school football team57. every dayevery Fridayevery Friday morning58. 现在进行时（一）结构 be+Ving肯定句：He is reading a book.否定句：He isnt reading a book.一般疑问句：Is he reading a book?肯定回答：Yes, he is否定回答：No, he isnt（二）Ving的变法1. 一般加ing, looking, doing, playing2. 以不发音的e结尾，去掉e加ingskating, making, living3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写此辅音字母加ingputting, running, getting, beginning, swimming, forgetting, hitting, sitting, traveling, preferring, cutting, shopping（三）用法1.说话时正在进行-Where is Tom? He is over there -He is having a class.2.现阶段正在进行What are you doing these days?-I am playing football these days.3.有如下标志词：now, Look, ListenWe are having lunch now.Look, Tom is playing volleyball.Listen, He is singing.4.表示将来Im coming. He is going shopping59. do ones homework60. read a bookwatch TVwatch a football matchlook at the blackboardsee a filmsee a doctor61. draw a picture62. talk with sbtalk about sthSay接说的内容Say it in EnglishSay “Hello” to sbsay sth to sbSpeak 说话，说某种语言He cant speakDont speak to me.speak FrenchTalk with sb about sth讨论，谈论Im talking about the film with Jim.Tell讲述，判断I can tell the difference between them.Tell sb sth63. close the dooropen the door64. take photos65. 穿衣服单词后接衣服表状态Wear穿着He is wearing a coat.He often wears a hat.In穿着He is in a coat.The man in a hat is Li表动作Put on穿上Put on your coat.Put your coat on不接衣服表动作Dress穿Dress sbDress oneself66. 一般现在时（一）结构含系动词be按口诀，表示现在的状态肯定句：He is eleven.否定句：He isnt eleven.疑问句：Is he eleven?肯定回答：Yes, he is.否定回答：No, he isnt含行为动词当主语是第一、二人称或复数肯定句：动词用原形I go to school early.否定句：在动词前加dontI dont go to school early.疑问句：在句子前加DoDo you go to school early?肯定回答：Yes, I do.否定回答：No, I dont当主语是第三人称单数肯定句：动词变单数He goes to school early.否定句：在动词前加doesnt,动词改原形He doesnt go to school early.疑问句：在句子前加Does, 动词改原形Does he go to school early?肯定回答：Yes, he does.否定回答：No, he doesnt（二）用法表示现在的状态I am here.-Where is Jim?-He is over there.表示习惯性或经常发生的动作常有sometimes, often, never, every day/week, every morning等标志词（三）动词变单数1. 一般加s, looks, likes, takes2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾加eswatches, passes, goes, does3. 以辅音加y结尾，改y为I加esstudies, carries,4. 不规则 have-has67. go to the shopgo shopping68. at this time of day69. What day is it today?-Its Monday.70. Whats the time? Its ten.-What time is it? Its ten.71. Its open 24 hours.72. an English-Chinese dictionary73. give sth back to sbgive back sth to sbI give some money back to her=I give back some money to her.74. next Monday75. give sb a hand =help sbCan you give me a hand?=Can you help me?76. in the evening =at night77. May I speak to Jim? =Speaking78. Theres something wrong with the bike.Theres nothing wrong with the kite.=There isnt anything wrong with the kite79. after classafter school80. help sb with sthhelp sb do sthhelp sb to do sth81. have a (good) rest82. It takes sb some time to do sthIt takes me an hour to do my homework.It takes time.83. I use a bike to go to school.=I go to school by bikeI use a knife to cut a cake.=I cut a cake with a knife84. at No. 14 Middle School85. have sth to do86. on Mondayon Tuesday morningon Wednesday afternoonon the night of Thursdayin the morning87. Can I get you something to drink?=Can I get something to drink for you?88. have a big breakfast89. three or four eggs90. Thats all.Is that all?91. worry about sb/sthbe worried about sb/sthDont worry about him.=Dont be worried about him.92. How big is it?-Its about this big.93. It looks very much like yours.He looks very much like his father.94. What does that say?-It says “closed”.95. learn sth from sbHe learns English from me.96. bring sth back97.国家首都人语言The PRC/ChinaBeijingChineseChineseThe USA/AmericanWashingtonAmericanEnglishCanadaOttawaCanadianEnglishThe UK/EnglandLondonEnglishmanEnglishAustraliaCanberraAustralianEnglishJapanTokyoJapaneseJapaneseFranceParisFrenchmanFrench98. each other99. have a meeting100. have something to do101. There is no difference.102. be friendly to sb103. have a good time=play happily104. Lets be good friends.105. No smokingNo photosNo parking106. leave for school =go to school107. the map of the world108. How do you like China?=What do you think of China?-Very much109. What do you like about China?-The people and the food110. Do you speak Chinese?-Yes, but only a little111. the Great Wall112. follow me113. family namegiven name114. teach me Englishteach sb to do sth115. stay herestay at home116. Here is a postcard from Lily to a friend in the USA117. five days a week118. 许多many修饰可数名词，放肯定、问句、否定句Much修饰可数名词，放肯定、问句、否定句A lot of=lots of修饰可数与不可数，多用于肯定句中119. go out for a walkgo out 120. ask sb to do sthI ask them to have dinnerthey ask us to go to their homes for dinner.121. write to sb122. make friendsmake friends with sb123. Jim is twelve.=Jim is twelve years old.=Jims age is twelve.=Jim is a twelve-year-old boy124. Like介词，像What is he like? -He is tall -He is like his father=He looks like his father.Throw it like this.Like动词，喜欢What do you like? I like English.125. a kind ofall kinds ofdifferent kinds of126. morning meal =breakfastevening meal =supper127. Do you like rice?Yes, I do. I like it a little. I like it very much(a lot).No, I dont. I dont like it at all.128. have sth for breakfasteat sth for lunch129. Why dont you go to the toy shop?=Why not go to the toy shop?130. do the housework131. make phone calls to sbmake a phone call to sbgive sb a callgive a call to sbcall sbtelephone sb132. do some cookingdo some washingdo some shoppingdo some cleaning133. What else can I do?=What other things can I do?134. What does he do? =What is he? =Whats his job?What do you do?=What are you? =Whats your job?135. Where does he work? 136. I want to be a writer.What do you want to be?137. take turnsIts ones turn to do sth138. Nice to meet you.=Nice meeting you.139. have a party140. Chinese medicine141. in the day142. make moneymake much money143. at weekendon weekdays144. love to work for sb145. English books on Chinese medicine about146. When do you get up?147. Class beginsClasses begin.Class is over.148. right now149. wash ones face150. get homeget to schoolget to the shop151. go shoppinggo swimminggo fishinggo boating152. I ride a bike to school.=I go to school on my bike.=I go to school by bike153. on the playground154. No news is good news.155. There is a bridge over the river.156. in the sky157. How long does it take you to do your homework?158. too much moneytoo many applesYou eat too much.159. Dont you usually come to school by bike?Yes, I do.160. Isnt the sun bigger than the moon?-Yes, it is161. Walking is goodIs listening to music bad?No, it isnt.162. Its a fine day for walkingIts a fine day for a walk.163. The air today is nice and clean.The air today is very clean.164. A is far (away) from BA is 5Km (away) from Bfar与具体路程不能同时出现在一个句子当中My home is far away.My home is 5Km from school.How far?How far is your home from school?165. Its about 10 minutes by bike.Its about 20 minutes on foot.=Its about 20 minutes walk.166. be late for school/ class/ work/ meeting167. stay in bedread in bed168. at the right time169. with tears in his eyesThe teacher comes in with books in his hand.170. buy sth for sbbuy sb sth171.修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词A little肯定，一点儿A few肯定，一些Little否定，几乎没有Few否定，几乎没有172. a kilo of applestwo kilos of meathalf a kilo of milk173. What things does it sell?174. twenty yuan a bagten yuan a kilofive yuan a bottle175. How much is the book?How much are the eggs?How much is the meat?176. May I help you?=Can I help you?=What can I do for you?-Yes, please/ No, thanks177. Heres the money.178. Reading in bed is bad for eyes.179. How much is the pen?=Whats the price of the pen?180. No pains, no gains.日常交际用语简表 （Daily Expressions in Communication）1. 问候 Greetings a. Good morning / afternoon / evening. Hello / Hi. How are you? b. Fine, thank you. And you? Very well, thank you. 2. 介绍 Introductions a. This is Mr / Miss / Mrs. b. How do you do? Nice / Glad to see / meet you. c. My name is.Im a student / worker etc. （here）. 3. 告别 Farewells a. I think its time for us to leave now. b. Goodbye! （Bye-bye! Bye!） See you later / tomorrow. （See you.） Good night. 4. 打电话 Making telephone calls a. Hello! May I speak to.? b. Hold on, please. He / She isnt here right now. Can I take a message for you? c. Im calling to tell / ask you. d. Goodbye. 5. 感谢和应答 Thanks and responses a. Thank you （very much）. Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Thanks for. b. Not at all. Thats all right. Youre welcome. 6. 祝愿、祝贺和应答 Wishes, congratulations and responses a. Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice / good time. Congratulations! b. Thank you. c. Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! Happy birthday to you. d. The same to you. 7. 意愿 Intentions Im going to. I will. Id like to. I want / hope to. 8. 道歉和应答 Apologies and responses a. Im sorry. （Sorry.） Im sorry for / about. Excuse me. b. Thats all right. It doesnt matter. Thats nothing. 9. 遗憾和同情 Regrets and sympathy What a pity! Im sorry to hear. 10. 邀请和应答 Invitations and responses a. Will you come to.? Would you like to.? b. Yes, Id love to. Yes, its very kind / nice of you. c. Id love to, but. 11. 提供 （帮助等）和应答 Offers and responses a. Can I help you? What can I do for you? Here, take this / my. Let me.for you. Would you like some.? b. Thanks. That would be nice / fine. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. c. No, thanks / thank you. Thats very kind of you, but. 12. 请求允许和应答 Asking for permission and responses a. May I.? Can / Could I.? b. Yes / Certainly. Yes, do please. Of course （you may）. Thats OK / all right. c. Im sorry, but. Youd better not. 13. 表示同意和不同意 Expressing agreement and disagreement a. Certainly / Sure / Of course. Yes, please. Yes, I think so. Thats true. All right / OK. Thats a good idea. I agree （with you）. b. No, I dont think so. Im afraid not. I really cant agree with you. 14. 表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty a. Im sure. Im sure （that）. b. Im not sure. Im not sure whether / if. c. Maybe / Perhaps. 15. 喜好和厌恶 Likes and dislikes a. I like / love.（very much）. I like / love to. b. I dont like （to）. I hate （to）. 16. 谈论天气 Talking about the weather a. Whats the weather like today? Hows the weather in.? b. Its fine / cloudy / windy / rainy, etc. Its rather warm / cold / hot / etc. today, isnt it? 17. 购物 Shopping a. What can I do for you? May / Can I help you? b. I want / Id like. How much is it? Thats too much / expensive, Im afraid. Thats fine. Ill take it. Let me have.kilo / box, etc. c. How many / much do you want? What colour / size / kind / do you want? d. Do you have any other kind / size / colour, ect. ? 18. 问路和应答 Asking the way and responses a. Excuse me. Wheres the mens / ladies room? Excuse me, can you tell me the way to.? How can I get to.? I dont know the way. b. Go down this street. Turn right / left at the first / second crossing. Its about.metres from here. 19. 问时间或日期和应答 Asking the time or date and responses a. What day is （it）today? Whats the date today? What time is it? Whats the time, please? b. Its Monday / Tuesday, etc. Its January 10th. Its five oclock / half past five / a quarter to five / five thirty, etc. Its time for. 20. 请求 Requests a. Can / Could you.for me? Will / Would you please.? May I have.? b. Please give / pass me. Please wait （here / a moment）. Please wait （for）your turn. Please stand in line / line up. Please hurry. 21. 劝告和建议 Advice and suggestions a. Youd better. You should. You need （to）. b. Shall we.? Lets. What / How about.? 22. 禁止和警告 Prohibition an