高考新题型专项训练---语法填空

高考新题型专项训练-语法填空高中英语语法填空技巧和操练一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：There are many students living at school; the_(child)houses are all far from school由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。创新演练1. She is planning to buy two chickens, two cabbages, four tomatoes and two_( loaf) of bread.2. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some_ (think) and then let me know.3. Some schools will have to make_(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.4.-Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave.-Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my_(apologize).5. 0n my way to my_ (uncle) , I found a pair of leather shoes lying on the roadside.技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例2：A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。创新演练1. Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforLondon_(leave)atsevenoclockinthe morningandI_(set)outforthestationatfive.2. ThisisTomsphoto,who_(kill)tryingtosaveanoldladyinanearthquake.3.He_(write)thecompositionallthemorningandhe_(be)still.4.My brothersaidthathewouldphonemeassoonashearrived abroadbutI_(hear)fromhim till now.5.Sorrynottohavenoticedyoucomein,forI_(think)aboutmydeadfriend.6. Inthemuseum,visitors_(request)nottotouchtheexhibitsorthey_(fine).7.Mr.Jonessaidhe_(look)intothepossibilityofbuyingahouseatpresent.8.Tom,youaretoo lazy.Thework_havebeenfinishedyesterday.9.-Mikeisoften lateforclass.-Tellhimhe_answerforitifhegoesonbehaving likethat.10.If he_(be)tocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.11.IfIhadgotthereearlier,I_(meet)Mr.Li.12._heagreeto gothere,we wouldsend himthere.13.They begantotalkwarmly asif they_(know)eachotherfor long.14.Wearetoobusytoday.Idratheryou_(go)theretomorrow.技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例3：The king decided to see the painter by_(he)由介词bv可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。创新演练1. In this composition spelling mistakes stick out while grammatical are not so obvious. 2. Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as made in Shanghai.3. Well argue about a lot of things, but when comes to quality, were not going to fight with each .4. No matter where we are, we should adapt to the changing situation.5. The actress laugh in the play was but natural; it was simply theatrical.技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前moreless和mostleast，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：I am_(tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。创新演练1. The workers in the factory are so_(accustom) to the noise of the machines thatthey dont even notice it while working.2. Tom, who works_(hard) of all the students in our class, will go abroad next term. 3. You can believe me. I will _(absolute) stand on your side in the election.4. Thank you for your invitation. I have never been to a(n) _(excite) party before. 5. The busier he is, the_(happy) he will be.6. I am not satisfied_ his work at all because it cant be any_(bad).7. He was the only boy_(wake) at the time of the earthquake.8. _(expect) , the student whose English was the best in our class failed the exam. 9.Obviously, Tom is by far _(good) student of the two.技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、th的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwice例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a_(three)从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。创新演练1. Scientists believe that there must be _ (hundred) of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.2. Experts say three_(five) of the oceans corals will extinct by the middle of the century if nothing is done to save them.技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，So he was very_(happiness)在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness变成happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying _，dirty but happy从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：His boss was_ angry as to fire him如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语送so as to，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。及连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。例：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre横线处的词与后面可以构成bothand，故答案为Both。例9：He did not done_his father had asked him to do审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例10：Those_want to go to the village must sign here经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。创新演练1. I was about to jump into the river_ the guide stopped me.2. The workers were cheerful,_ at least they appeared to be cheerful.3. The son was sleeping at home_ the parents were working in the fields.4. I havereceivedanofferfromaGermanuniversity,butImstil1hesitating_I shouldacceptit.5. Whatismoreimportantis_astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonits surface.6. Itwasquitealongtime_Ifiguredoutwhathadhappenedtothemanager.7.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.8.Isthisthereason_heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?9.Sundayisapublicholiday,_childrenshouldgetclosetonature,butmostofthem haveseverallessonstoattend.10. Hearing thesound,theanimaldisappearedintothebushes,after_Mrs.Stone pickedupherbagandranall thewayhome.11. Try_Imight,Icannoterasesuchaterribleexperiencefrommymind.12. Dontbecheatedbyhisappearance.Hesnotsuchafool_youassumedhim tobe.13._seemstobesomethingwrongwiththemachine.14. Tellyourteacherstheproblemwith learning,_they willhelpyou.15. Only aftertheaccident_sherealizehowseriousthesituationhadbeen.16._fastdidtheywalkthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.17. Itwasonly afterhehadread thepapers_Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehim wasextremelydifficulttocomplete.18.Notonce_itoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhis class.19._wasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.20. lf yougotothecinematonight,_sha1lI.Iamfreetonight.21._badnewsitis!WecantgotoHainanforourholidaythissummervacation.22.Thereisnowsomehopeofthere_(be)asettlementofthedispute.技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：The USA consists_fifty states根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由? ?组成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_of her生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。创新演练1. In contrast to the previous approach offering low-cost models for the market, Chinese car makers are focusing displaying alternative energy-driven vehicles to meet environmental concerns.2. The girl who was late the party yesterday evening is ill.3. The pretty girl is known the public a little film star her excellent performance in a film.4. The Silk Road Economic Belt is to be established the ancient Silk Road trade route.5.The value of the pound has fallen a new low against the dollar, which is worth less in exchange dollars than ever before.6.Yesterday aftera longwalk,my legsgave_andcouldntgoanyfurther.7.Inspiteof thefactthat thenecklaceisnotmadeofrealcrystal,itstillappeals_young ladies.技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London _ of taking a train此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in _of him细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等ly形式的方式副词(见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况)。例17：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例18：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。 例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_Zhang Wen第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。例20：It was only one day left,_，his father had no idea to answer him观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。创新演练1. On May13,2015 , Chinese government announced national holiday for this years celebration of 70th anniversary of the victory in World War II. 2. It maybe _ last book youll ever buy. And certainly, from a practical standpoint, it will be_ only book you11 ever need.3. -How about Christmas evening party? -I should say it was success.4.-I like Qingdao so much. Id like to visit it here and there.-You can hire bicycle by hour to go around city.5. Janes grandmother wanted to write childrens book, but there was always one thing or another in way.技巧十二：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tony _travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。真题回放Cloze 1 2015. 新课标全国卷一It was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours_62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo_67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68_(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.Cloze 2 2015. 新课标全国卷二The adobe dwellings(土坯房）_61_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _62_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _63_(able) to “air condition” a house without _64_（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_65_（slow）during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66 _ (cool) the house during the hot day: _67_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _68 _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As _69_(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_70_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.模拟练习Cloze 1M: Good morning. Is there anything I can do for you?W: Well, I want to apply for a credit card, but I know _1_about it. Can you give me some instructions?M: Sure. It is very _2_ (help) to families, and its very convenient _3_ (use) the credit card. Any ATM provides 24-hour online service. You can make cash withdrawals, check accounts, amend cipher, etc.W: Can I buy things with _4_?M: Of course. In our citys downtown area, almost all big and middle-sized department _5_(store), supermarkets, hotels and restaurants offer the credit card payment _6_(service).W: Sounds great.M: You can _7_ purchase first and pay later. Whats more, as a cardholder, you can enjoy the installment payment service according