上海大学研究生网络阅读总结--阅读课文.doc

UNIT ONEText A The Magic of LanguageThe magical influence of language is a theme which reverberates throughout the literatures and legends of the world. Language,It is unlikely that popular opinion would ever allow a new ship to be named Titanic. T1. The magic power of language was linked to religion. F2. Witches or wizards often use simple and concise words in ceremonies.T3. In primitive times, people believed that written language had a supernatural power. F4. Taboos only exist in the primitive tribes. F5. The person who uses taboo is doomed to be punished by supernatural power. T6. Euphemisms are words that are often used to replace the taboo words.T7. Many primitive people do not like to be called by their names, because they fear to be controlled by others. F8. In some Australian tribes people have two names, one is used only at home and the other is used in churches. F9. In Madagascar if you ask the name of a village, the villagers are ready to tell you. F10. In Roman legions, soldiers were more likely to have Victor rather than Felix as their names. 1. This text implies that in ancient times _. A. people had found out the true nature of languageB. people had learned a lot about the nature of language C. people didnt believe that language could cure the sick D. the literate people had a higher status2. The word reverberate in line 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. recoilB. repeatedly appear C. have sound echoes D. show emphasis3. Incantations are more likely to be used in _. A. daily communicationsB. formation of magical formulae C. treatment of the sickD. amusement activities 4. Words are often repeated in ceremonies to _. A. make people hear clearlyB. enhance the mysterious effect C. frighten people D. make people remember the words 5. The primitive people believed that the written language _. A. could help catch thieves B. appeared to have a supernatural power C. was uselessD. facilitated communications6. According to the text, Napoleon realized that _. A. incantations could be used to fight against enemiesB. enemys newspapers are very useful C. newspapers could produce a greater effect in defeating enemies D. his soldiers should read newspapers7. Verbal taboos are usually connected to all the following EXCEPT_. A. physiological phenomenon B. natural phenomenon beyond human knowledgeC. recreation activities D. some animals8. The use of a taboo word can cause _. A. a legal action B. excoriationC. divine invocationD. all of the above 9. The author mentioned Lady Chatterleys Lover to show that books with pornographic contents might lead to_. A. a rising in salesB. the curiosity of readers C. a legal action D. good fortune 10. Thai learners of English dont like to pronounce the word yet because _. A. in Thai it refers to a god B. in Thai it refers to bad communications C. in Thai it is quite similar to the pronunciation of a word meaning sexual activityD. in Thai it means to have more girl friends 11. Euphemisms are made to help people _. A. understand taboo words better B. avoid using taboo words C. develop more taboo words D. make taboo words more difficult to understand 12. In French parapluie means _. A. umbrellaB. close C. death D. taboo 13. People do not like to utter the names of the dead mostly because of _. A. respect B. fearC. sympathy D. sadness 14. A mother often changes her childrens name after a childs death to _. A. memorize the dead one B. make her children more healthy C. keep away death spirit D. make her children happy 15. A new ship is unlikely to be named as Titanic because _. A. it is the name of a god B. it reminds people of terrible disaster C. the name will cause ship sinking D. no one will buy itUNIT TWOText A The Age of GlobalityBig is in, and very big is very in. Barely a week goes by without another large and often astonishing merger.A company, big or small, that misses that reality is quite likely to produce less value. T1. It is universally acknowledged that globalization can contribute to the expansion of international trade and foreign investment and the integration of markets.T2. Ours is an era in which big means good, bigger means better.T3. Daimler-Benz and Chrysler is a cross-border merger. Both produce cars exclusively in their own country.T4. E-business makes it possible for an international company to operate smoothly.F5. It took a decade for Daimler and Chrysler to integrate with each other.F6. Chrysler is basically a German company, strong in lower-priced cars, very strong on sport utility vehicles, but weak internationally. F7. Daimler is a North American company. Its Mercedes makes it preeminent in the upper part of the automotive market, but not in Europe.T8. It is of importance for a merger to pay more attention to managerial creativity, entrepreneurial values and initiatives and responsiveness to the market, for the playing field is different.T9. It is hard to get a new merger to work, for the existing friction is inevitable and enduring.T10. In order to solve those complicated problems in the course of integration, we should adopt a more flexible, fast-moving and adaptive policy.1. The main theme of this passage is_. A.International business mergers have entered a new eraB.The Daimler-Chrysler merger is the biggest in historyC.Transnational companies are more efficient than domestic companiesD.The amalgamation of automobile companies is an inevitable trend2. Big is in means_. A.large things are more important than small ones. B.big cars are better than small ones. C.it is fashionable to form large business companies.D.small things are always on the outside.3. The scale and audacity of these combinations are impressive, of course. Audacity means_.A. brazennessB. boldnessC. speedinessD. modesty4. International business mergers make people vaguely uneasy because_. A. they will lead to price increases.B.the world is entering a new type of capitalism.C.the world economy is undergoing fundamental change.D.they may do away with national characteristics.5. The metaphor the author used to describe the merger trend is _. A. The Statue of Liberty. B. A tidal wave. C. Prestige on wheels. D. The great game.6. The globalization is called a mantra mainly because _. A.it is vague but it sounds impressive. B.it was coined by Lee Iacocca.C.it is a Buddhist term. D. mantra is easier to pronounce than globalization.7. Calling the tune means_. A. going into the music business. B. putting cassette players in motor cars.C. exercising control. D. boosting stock prices.8. Daimlers path to the altar compares the companys merger process to_. A. a religious conversion. B. wedding preparations.C. visiting a church. D. Anglo-Saxon architecture.9. All of the following are factors that facilitate the flow of goods and services EXCEPT_.A. ever-cheaper communicationsB. the InternetC. ever-faster computersD. modern logistic10. The benefits of a merger are the following EXCEPT_.A.to enhance the companys competitive position.B.to improve corporate performance.C. to build and protect broadly based brands.D. to cut down price.11. Assembling the right parts is an apt description of the Daimler-Chrysler merger because. A. the merger was driven by industrial logic and growth strategyB. they have achieved advantages of scaleC.the move was the correct corporate strategyD.it reminds us that they are automobile companies12. A huge risk in this new era of megamergers is _. A.to be in the quest for global scale B. to be optimistic C. to be blind D. to stick to the old tradition 13. The new globality requires emphasis on _. A.managerial creativityB.entrepreneurial valuesC.initiatives and responsiveness to the market D.all of the above 14. In a much wider competitive playing field, we should not neglect _. A. national valuesB.characterC.tastesD.all of the above15. The authors attitude to globality is _. A. optimisticB.cynical C.contradictory D.pessimisticUNIT THREEText A Communication Across CultureAll communication is culturalit draws on ways we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages.If time is a straight line stretching forward and not back, then fate or destiny may be less compelling. T1. We do not always communicate the same way from day to day. T2. Even with all the good will in the world, miscommunication is likely to happen, especially when there are significant cultural differences between communicators. F3. The concept of space is the most central differences that separate cultures and cultural ways of doing things. T4. In the East, there is such a ceremony in which those family members who have died are felt to be present as well as those yet to be born into the family. T5. It is implied that a respect for cultural differences helps reduce conflicts in negotiations. F6. Neither side has had some exposure to the others ideas of time, space and ideas about appropriate approaches to negotiation. T7. Differences over time can play out in painful and dramatic ways in negotiations or conflict-resolution processes. F8. Cultural approaches to time or communication are always applied in good faith, and may serve a variety of motives. T9. Culture and cultural beliefs may be used as a tactic by negotiators; for this reason, it is important that parties be involved in collaborative-process design when addressing intractable conflicts. T10. From an Eastern or indigenous perspective, Spirit operates within space and time, so time is alive with purpose and specific meanings may be discerned from events. True False1. Factors like _ interact with the variety of cultural influences we have internalized.A.context B.individual personality C.mood D.all of the above 2.What among the following in a dialogue can NOT give us a clue about the effectiveness of our communication?A.Do they hear and understand what we are trying to say?B.Do they agree with us?C.Is there trust between them and us?D.Is the mood positive and receptive?3.Miscommunication may _.A.lead to conflict B.mitigate conflict C.waste time D.All of the above 4.In the West, time tends to be all the following EXCEPT _.A.measured in units that reflect the march of progressB.logical and sequentialC.qualitiesD.present-focused5.The western people think the approach to time is _.A.polychronic B.chronocracy C.monochronic D.none of the above 6.In the East, people think time is_.A.a limited continuityB.an unraveling boundary C.a strict boundary D.absolutely endless 7._ is a good place to look to understand the Eastern idea of time.A.Canada B.Indonesia C.United StatesD.India8.The word intricate in line 36 means_. A.simple B.huge C.complex D.plain 9.The example of the negotiation process related to a land claim that took place in Canada shows A.It is hard for both sides to give in.B.Differences over time may be painful and dramatic in negotiation or conflict-resolution processes.C.Government representatives are all bureaucratic.D.The two sides have different conceptions of time.10.Why was neither side of the negotiation feel satisfied with their first meeting?A.They did not want to give in.B.Each side felt some frustration with the other.C.Government representatives cannot meet the requirements of the First Nations people.D.They had different ideas of time.11.When people from different cultural backgrounds work together to design a process to address in the issues that divide them, what should they NOT do?A.Ask questions about cultural preferences about time and spaceB.Try to understand the factors that affect a negotiation or conflict-resolution processC.Insist on their ideas to the endD.Inoculate against the use of culture as a tactic or an instrument to advance power12.A party to a negotiation who subscribes to this idea of time may also have ideas about _A.fateB.destinyC.the importance of uncovering right relationship D.All of the above13. A polychronic perspective is often associated with a _ starting point.A.communitarian B.socialisticC.capitalisticD.liberalist 14.The standard of the author is _A.positive B.negative C.neutral D.ironic 15.If time is a straight line stretching forward and not back, then fate or destiny may be less.A.permissive B.obligatory C.gorgeous D.compelling UNIT FOURText A Right and Left-handedness in HumansWhy do humans, virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or right-handedness?Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lendl was asked what the single thing was that he would choose in order to improve his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander. 1.Professor Bryan Turner noted that asymmetry in the human population is_.A.systematic B.inherited C.genetic D.ambiguous 2.The percentage of right-handed people among all the population is _. A.80% B.60% C.90% D.40% 3.The percentage of left-handed people who have their language center in the left is _. A.95% B.5% C.30% D.70% 4.A study of monkeys has shown that _. A.monkeys are not usually right-handed.B.monkeys display a capacity for speech.C.monkey brain are smaller than human brains.D.monkey brain are asymmetric.5.The reason that humans left hemisphere is larger than the right is that _. A.it is inheritedB.it is asymmetricalC.it is genetic D.it produces language 6.Less lateralized brain may probably result in a better capability in _. A.logicB.rationality C.abstraction D.all the above 7.It seems that left-handed people are more likely to become successful in _.A.mathematics B.architecture C.philosophy D.all the above 8.The word subliminally in line 57 is most closely similar in meaning to _. A.obviously B.consequently C.unconsciously D.inadvertently 9.The ones that mature at an earlier age are _. A.left-handers B.right-handers. C.girls D.boys 10.The word they in line 60 refers to _. A.left-handed people B.left-handed children C.right-handed peopleD.right-handed children 11.At the very beginning, every humans brain is _. A.female B.male C.neutral D.not certain 12.According to the writer, left-handed people _. A.will often develop a stammerB.have undergone hardship for years.C.are untrustworthy.D.are good tennis players.13.From the last paragraph we know_.A.left-handers are admired by othersB.people have some prejudices against left-handersC.left-handers have a sense of inferiorityD.left-handers are conceited14.It is implied that Ivan Lendl is a _. A.left-hander B.right-hander C.doctor D.table tennis player 15.The attitude of the author toward left-handers is _. A.discriminative B.favorable C.critical D.indifferent UNIT FIVEText A Gay MarriagesFor as long as the institution of marriage has been around, so too has the belief that it represents the union of one man and one woman.A survey conducted in June 1995 found that only 33 percent agreed with the persuasively phrased statement. F1. Hawaii is the first state that legalized same-sex marriage by Constitution. F2.The concept that marriage is the union of one man and one woman is the general belief of all people. T3.According to the second part of the Bill, gay couples cant inherit money and property from one another without a will.F4.People who condemn homosexuality as being a promiscuous lifestyle would like to see they maintain a stable gay relationship.T5.Different viewpoints have been offered in the media about the family life for the gay couples.T6.Lesbians and gays fight for their marriage right for the sole purpose of gaining equality. F7.Conventionally, people acquired the negative attitude towards inter-racial marriage from the schools they attended.F8.According to the passage, same-sex marriage will enrich the children of their knowledge about social relations.T9.Someone thinks there is the possibility that homosexuality would become pervasive through public education.F10.The reason why Many of us didnt look twice at their protests and literature about what they believe (last Para.) is that people already know what they want.1.Gay couples are NOT entitled to the following EXCEPT_.A. joint tax returnsB. health insuranceC. spouses residency in U.S. D. social security for the survivor2.The gay people fight for their marriage right and gain the recognition_.A. financiallyB. religiouslyC. LegallyD. all of the above3.We can infer from the passage that Gregory Herek, a research psychologist, holds that gay marriage _.A.enjoys the equality with heterosexual marriageB.should be legalizedC.should gain moral supportD.should gain emotional support4.Homosexual people think their relationships are_as the heterosexual marriages.A. in the same sphere B. in another sphereC. in an equal sphereD. a part of the spheres 5.Homosexual relationship has generally been taken as the_.A. relationship between the same genderB. emotional relationship between the same genderC. marri