直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

1 直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语 定义 我们转述别人的话时 可以引用别人的原话 被引用的部分称为直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语 这两种引语都是宾语从句 但是直接引语放在引号内 不用连词联接 间接引语不用引号 通常用这两种引语都是宾语从句 但是直接引语放在引号内 不用连词联接 间接引语不用引号 通常用 连接词与主句联接连接词与主句联接 一 直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化一 直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化 1 1 陈述句变为以陈述句变为以 thatthat 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 例 He said I m very glad He said he was very glad 2 2 一般疑问句变为一般疑问句变为 ifif whether whether 引导的宾语从句 引导的宾语从句 例 He said Can you come this afternoon John He asked John could come that afternoon 3 3 特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问句变为由 who who what what whenwhen why why wherewhere 等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 例 He said Where is Mr Wang He asked where Mr Wang was Tom says to me what food do you like best Tom asks me food I like best 4 祈使句变间接引语时 要变成祈使句变间接引语时 要变成 ask ask tell ordertell order sbsb notnot toto dodo sthsth Our parents told us Learn English well 我们的父母告诉我们 把英语学好啊 Our parents told us English well 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好 The teacher said to me Don t read that novel The teacher asked told me that novel Our parents told us Never do wrong 父母告诉我们 不要做错事 2 Our parents told us never to do wrong 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事 二 二 人称的变化人称的变化 点拨点拨 人称的变化一般遵循 一同主 二随宾 三不变 这一原则 例如 例如 I I went to the Great Wall yesterday LiLi HuaHua said Li Hua said that hehe had gone to the Great Wall the day before I I ll come to help youyou whenever you need my help hehe answered herher He answered her that hehe would come to help herher whenever she needed his help She said to me me YourYour pronunciation is better than his She told me that mymy pronunciation was better than his 三 时态变化三 时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化 总的原则是向过 去推一个时态 时态的变化时态的变化例句例句 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 She said I need a calculator She said that she needed a calculator 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 Jim said I m expecting a long distance call Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 Nancy said I ll call again later Nancy said that she would call again later 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 He said I took it home with me He said that he had taken it home with him 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 Paul said Our team has won the match Paul said that their team had won the match 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 He said I had finished my homework before supper 3 He said that he had finished his homework before supper 四 四 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化 变化形式变化形式例句例句 this that She said She is coming this week She said that she was coming that week 指指 示示 代代 词词 these those He said These books are mine He said those books were his now then He said It s ten o clock now He said that it was ten o clock then today that day He said I haven t seen her today He said that he hadn t seen her that day tonight that night She said I ll come again tonight She said that she would go again that night yesterday the day before He said This happened yesterday He said that this had happened the day before Threedays ago three days before She said I arrived two days ago She said that she had arrived two days before 时时 间间 状状 语语 tomorrow the next day the following day She said I ll be back tomorrow She said that he would be back the next day 4 next week the next week She said I ll do it next week She said that she would do it the next week 地地 点点 状状 语语 here there She said I came here to see Tom She said that he had gone there to see Tom 动动 词词 come bring go take He said I brought it home with me He said he had taken it home with him 拓展延伸拓展延伸 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态 从句的时态无需变化例如 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态 从句的时态无需变化例如 He says I m tired He says that he is tired He will say The boy was lazy He will tell you that the boy was lazy 当直接引语是客观真理时 不受时间的限制 因此不需要变化时态 当直接引语是客观真理时 不受时间的限制 因此不需要变化时态 Our geography teacher said to us The earth goes round the sun Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun 直接引语是一般过去时 并且和具体的过去时间连用 时态不作改变直接引语是一般过去时 并且和具体的过去时间连用 时态不作改变 She said I was born in 1995 She said that she was born in 1995 典型例题典型例题 1 Can you tell me A what the matter is B what matter it is C what s the matter D the matter is what 2 The physics teacher said the earth around the sun A is moving B moved C had moved D moves 5 语法专练语法专练 1 Mother asked the youngest kid with his car A what the matter B What was the matter C what the matter is D what is the matter 2 The tourist asked the guide what he visit the next day A was going to B will C is going in D is to 3 The teacher told us that light faster than sound A traveled B had traveled C is traveling D travels 4 Tom hanks told his teacher that he born in 1968 A was B had been C is D has been 5 Linda asked Amy she could tell her the general ideas of the poem A that B whether C what D how 6 My brother said to me I m going to have a holiday next week My brother going to have a holiday the next week 7 Mother said to me What are you doing in the room Mother asked me in the room 8 He asked Can I borrow your bike He asked borrow my bike 9 Tom said to me Do you like football Tom asked me football 10 She said to me I went over my lessons last night She told me over her lessons the night before 附 附 UnitUnit I I 短语归纳短语归纳 1 做个好朋友 to be a good friend 2 做下列调查 make the following survey 3 合计总分 add up the score 4 得分 get points 5 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset 6 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell 6 7 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend 8 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend s 9 松开了 get loose 10 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors 11 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end of term exam 12 列出理由 make a list of reasons list the reasons 13 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests 14 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editor s advice 16 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties troubles 17 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss 18 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along on well with my deskmate 19 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers 20 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face 21 信任政府 trust believe in the government 22 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars 23 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24 相邻的国家 neighboring countries 直接引语变间接引语练习题直接引语变间接引语练习题 一 将所给直接引语变为间接引语 每空一词 1 I never eat meat he said He said that never meat 2 I ve found my wallet he said to me He me that he wallet 3 I took it home with me she said She said that it home with her 4 The teacher said The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west 5 I met her yesterday he said to me He me that he met the day 7 6 You must come here before five he said He said that I to go before five 7 I bought the house 10 years ago he said He said that he bought the house 10 years 8 Did you see her last week he said He I had seen her the week 9 He said You can sit here Jim He Jim that he sit there 10 He asked How did you find it mother He asked her mother found it 11 Where have you been these days he asked He asked me been days 12 Do you know where she lives he asked He asked knew where she 13 Stop making so much noise children he said He the children making so much noise 14 Don t tell him the news she said She told me him the news 15 I am having supper he said He said that having supper 16 I ve seen the film Gina said to me Gina me that she the film 17 I went home with my sister she said She said that home with her sister 18 Keep quiet children he said He the children quiet 20 Don t look out of the window she said She told me out of the window 家庭作业家庭作业 1 I am having supper he said 8 He said that having supper 2 I ve seen the film Gina said to me Gina me that she the film 3 I went home with my sister she said She said that home with her sister 4 The teacher said The sun is bigge