不定代词-NEITHER.doc

Neither的用法1、Neither可用作形容词，意思为“两者都不”，后面直接跟可数名词的单数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Neither answer is correct/right.两个答案都不对。Neither knife is good, but this one is better than that one.两把刀子都不好，但这一把比那一把好些。I have seen neither film.两部电影我都没看过=I havent seen either of the films.2、neither作代词用，表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Neither of my parents is a teacher.我父母都不是教师。I have seen two films, but neither is interesting.我看了二部电影，二部都没意思。Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.他们两个人身体都不好，但都努力地工作。3、neither作用副词，可引导一个倒装句，意为“某人也一样不”。形式为“neither+谓语(be动词，情态动词，助动词)+主语”。例如：He doesnt like English at all. Neither does lily. (前句为否定句)他一点也不喜欢英语，莉莉也一样(不喜欢)。David hasnt finished her homework, neither does Lucy.(前句为否定句)大卫没有完成作业，露西也没有(完成)。注意1：此时的neither句式只限于否定句，而对应的肯定句不用它，要用“so+谓语(be动词，情态动词，助动词)+主语”，表示与前边内容相似的事实同样在别人身上发生，意思为“某人也一样”。例如：He likes Chinese very much, so does lily.（前句为肯定句）他很喜欢语文，莉莉也一样(喜欢)。Jim will come here, so will Kate.（前句为肯定句）杰姆要来这儿，凯特也要来。(上两句也可表述为He likes Chinese very much, Lily likes Chinese very much, too.和Jim will come here, Kate will come here, too.)注意2：“so+谓语+主语”与“so+主语+谓语”形式不能混淆。“so+谓语+主语”，表示前边发生的某事，在另一人或事上也同样发生，如上例。“so+主语+谓语(be动词，情态动词，助动词)”，表示前边某人提出某种看法和意见，后边的人也具有前人一致的看法。这里的谓语应与前边的谓语也保持一致。例如： Li Lei works very hard. So he does. 李雷的工作很努力。的确如此。 They can speak a little Chinese. So they can. 他们能说一些汉语。的确如此。 4、neithernor“既不也不” 要连接两个平行结构，可以连接两个名词或两个代词，当连接的是两个作主语的结构时，谓语动词在人称和数上通常要和第二个(即后边一个)名词或代词相一致。例如； Neither he nor I am right. 他不对，我也不对。(我和他都不对) Neither you nor he has been to the Great Wall. 你和他都没有去过长城。 He is neither a worker nor a teacher.他既不是工作，也不是教师。 注意1：neithernor表示的是某两结构的否定含义，如要表示某两结构的肯定含义，则要用它的反义词“bothand”，意为“和两者都是”。连接的是主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，例如： Both Lily and Jim are happy. 莉莉和杰姆都很高兴。 Neither Lily nor Jim is happy. 莉莉和杰姆都不高兴。 Both Gao Hui and I are teachers. 高慧和我都不是教师。 Neither Gao Hui nor I am a teacher. 高慧和我都不是教师。 注意2：有时由“notor”构成的否定句，可与“neithernor”互相转化，即可分为同义句。例如： The ground must be neither too dry(干)nor too wet(湿)。 The ground must not be too dry(干)or too (wet)湿。地上不应太干和太湿。 The holes must be too big or too small. The holes must be neither too big nor too small. 洞不应太大和太小。 Neither一词由于其词性多样用法灵活而成为中考的重点考查单词，常考不衰。然而，对于neither一词的真正用法，我们的英语教师甚至中考命题人员却不甚了解。下面笔者拟从两道中考试题来分析它的用法。Neither he nor I _ from Japan, that is to say, neither of us _ Japanese. （2009年四川乐山 A.am; are B. are; is C. am; is D. is; is 答案：C They dont often hear the twins sing the song in the school.改写句子，句意不变（2007年山东济南 _ of the twins _ often heard _ sing the song in the school. 参考答案：Neither, is, to以上两道试题都考查neither一词的用法。我们知道，“neither of +名词作主语时谓语动词用单数”是目前各种语法书籍和教辅资料的普遍说法。比如，张道真主编的实用英语语法（1995年重印本）、初中英语语法精讲精练、英语语法速记歌诀、星火英语中考专项突破、中考亮剑英语、中考全解王英语、5年中考3年模拟英语、中学生学习报中考英语复习专号等等。然而，我们的仁爱版英语教材学生用书九年级下册语法项目里对neither一词的用法也作了分析并特别指出：neither of +名词作主语时用单复数皆可。到底谁是谁非呢？笔者查阅了牛津英语用法指南、张振邦主编的新编英语语法教程、英语疑难大全、大学英语语法讲座与测试、英语基础词汇用法详解词典等大量权威书籍。在得出结论前，笔者根据这些权威著作对neither一词的语法进行简要归纳：neither有四种词性：形容词（adj）、代词（pron）、副词（adv）和连词（conj）形容词（adj）:neither作形容词时常用在不带冠词的单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。如： I went to see Jack and Bill yesterday, but neither one was at home.Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ day is possible.（2009年宁夏）A.neither B.either C.some D.any 答案：AWill you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. Ill be busy next week. (2008年青海) A.either B.neither C.both 答案：B代词（pron）:neither作代词时表示“两者都不”，可以单独使用，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。它也可以和介词of 连用，后面接复数名词或人称代词宾格。neither of +复数名词或人称代词宾格作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数，特别是在非正式文体中或美式英语中。如：1.I have two hats but neither fits me properly. 2. Which of the two films did you like? Neither! They were both dull.3. Neither of the books is/are interesting.Who will send you to the new school, your mom or dad?_.Ill go there alone. (2009年重庆) A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.None 答案：C Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? _, thanks. Id like a glass of water. (2009年天津) A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 答案：B Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? Id love to, but _ of us couple has tickets. Do you have some? (2009年黄冈) A.both B.all C.neither D.none 答案：C副词（adv）:neither用于副词时常用在倒装句中。在一个否定性陈述以后，用neither（与nor同义）表示这一否定性陈述也同样适用于另外一个人或另一事物，常用来接别人的话，引起一个主句或从句。如： 1. You didnt see him,and neither did I. 2. If you do not go, neither shall I.Jack? I couldt believe he could work it out._, but he really got it right. (2007年烟台)A.So I didnt B.Me too C.Neither did I D.So did I 答案：C My parents never stop going on about(唠叨)how I should study hard. _.(2009年山东) A.So my parents do B.Nor my parents do C.Nor do my parents D.So do my parents 答案：C连词（conj）:neither用作连词常与nor一起连用，连接两个相同成分，意思是“既不也不”。一般来说，当它们连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要按照就近原则与后面的保持一致。如：Neither you nor I am going to Beijing.然而，在非正式文体中，由neithernor连接两个单数或不可数名词作主语，后面的谓语动词也可以用复数形式。如：Neither he nor his wife have arrived.(2009年贵州铜仁) The weather in Liupanshui is _ too cold _ too hot.A.neither; norB.either; orC.not only; but also D.both; and 答案：A(2007年辽宁) I could speak _ Japanese _ Chinese, so I had to talk with him in English.A.not only; but alsoB. both; andC. neither; norD.either; or 答案：C(2007年山东) Neither Jim nor his cousins _ to America, but _ of them know the country ve