高级英丘吉尔演讲、马克吐温.doc

1.Speech on Hitler Invasion of the U.S.S.R“Behind all this glare. behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind.在这番刀光剑影、血雨腥风的背后，我看到了那一小撮谋划、组织并向人类发起这场恐怖战争的恶棍“I have to declare the decision of His Majestys Governmentand I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due course concurfor we must speak out now at once, without a days delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn usnothing. We will never parley,we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with Gods help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its people from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.That is our policy and that is our declaration.It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people.We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it,as we shall faithfully and stead-fastly to the end. 现在我必须宣布大英帝国的决定，我确信伟大的自治领地在适当时候会一致同意这个决定。然而我们必须立即宣布这项决定，一天也不能耽搁。我必须发表这项声明，难道你们会怀疑我们的政策吗？我们只有一个目标，一个唯一的，不可能变的目标，那就是一定要消灭希特勒和纳粹政权的一切痕迹。什么也不能使我们改变这个决定。什么也不能！我们决不妥协；我们决不同希特勒或他的任何党羽谈判。我们将在陆地上同他战斗，直至借上帝之力，在地球上清除他的阴影，并把地球上的人民从他的枷锁中解放出来。我们将援助任何一个同纳粹主义作战的人或者国家。我们将敌视任何一个助纣为虐的人或国家这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的宣言。因此，我们将尽力援助（前）苏联和（前）苏联人民。我们将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友与我们同心协力，忠诚不渝地斗争到底“This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.这绝不是阶级战争。这是一场大英帝国和英联邦，不分种族，不分信仰，不分党派，共同参与的战争。我无权代表美国方面做任何行动宣言，但我要声明一点，如果希特勒认为他对（前）苏联的进攻会稍稍转移那些一心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家的目标或者使他们斗志松懈的话，那么他就大错特错了。恰恰相反，我们将会更加坚定，勇敢地为将人类从他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗，我们将加强自己的决心和力量，绝不退缩。“This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved the world from this catastrophe. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitlers bold-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure. I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hops, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain-namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.那些遭到德军各个击破的国家和政府，当初若是采取联合行动，原本是可以使自己和全世界免遭劫难的。当然，现在不是对他们的愚蠢行为发表评论的时候。但我在几分钟前谈到希特勒嗜血成性、欲壑难填的本性驱使并引诱他发动了对（前）苏联的贸然进攻时，我说过在他的 疯狂行为背后隐藏着一个蓄谋已久的动机。他之所以想摧毁苏联军队，是因为他期望一旦这一行动得手，他便可以将其他陆军和空军主力从东线调回，进而投入到对英国的进攻中去。他明白，他必须征服英国，否则，他将为他的罪行付出代价。希特勒侵略（前）苏联只不过是蓄谋侵略不列颠诸岛的前奏。毫无疑问，他期望在冬季到来之前完成这一切，并在美国海军和空军干涉之前击溃英国。他指望更大规模地故伎重演，各个击破。他一直以来都是凭借这种伎俩得逞的。那是，他就可以为最后行动清除障碍了，也就是说，他就要迫使西半球屈从于他的意志和制度下了，而如果做不到这一点，他的一切征服都将化为泡影。1.Mark Twain-Mirror of America Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finnidyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom sawyer endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined .I found another Twain as well-one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人印象中，马克吐温是位伟大的作家，他向我们描述了哈克 贝利费恩再其永恒的童年时代充满诗情画意的旅行，还有汤姆索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在的探险故事。的确，这位最受美国人喜爱的作家完全像人们想象的那样富有冒险精神、爱国、浪漫和幽默。但我同样发现马克吐温的另一面一个由于饱受了人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克吐温，一个位人类的弱点所困惑而忧心忡忡、清楚地看到前途一片黑暗的马克吐温。Tramp printer ,river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.He adopt his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days,signaling two fathoms(12feet)of watera navigable depth.His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、南部联邦游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐观派、言辞刻薄的讽刺家马克吐温原名叫塞缪尔 朗格合恩 克勒孟斯，他用一生中超过三分之一的时间游历于美国各地，亲身体验美国的新生活，然后便以作家和演讲家的身份与全世界一同分享他的感受。他的笔名来自他在汽船上做工时听到的水手们测量水深时的喊声，意思是“水深两浔（12英尺）即可以通航的信号语。在他的作品中，由二十多部至今仍在印刷发行，在世界各地其译本也被广泛阅读，这足以证明他受欢迎的程度。The geographic core in Twains early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nations heart. Keelboats, flatboats, and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country, sugar, molasses, cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850s, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast-basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.马克吐温青年时，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而对于这个新兴国家来说，密西西比河就是其交通大动脉。运货船、平底船和大木筏运载着最初的主要商品。木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮毛制品顺流而下，被运送到该流域的三角洲地区，砂糖、糖蜜、棉花和威士忌酒则被输送到北方地区。19世纪50年代，在西部运动高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占当时美国已居住领土面积的四分之三。Mark Twains own Declaration of Independence came from another character.Six chapters into Tom Sawyer,he drags inthe juvenile pariah of the village,Hucklebeery Finn, son of the town drunkard.Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas,Huck protests to his