英语周报高中英语 Unit1 Tales of the unexplained Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修2.ppt

unit1talesoftheunexplained presentperfecttense presentprefectcontinuoustense grammarandusage lookatthefollowingsentencesandtrytoexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences 1 wehavestudiedenglishforaboutfiveyears 2 theyhavelivedtheresince1990 3 shehasn tfinishedherhomeworkyet 4 erichasjustcomeback 5 howlonghaveyoubeenhere 1 theformofthepresentperfecttense weformthepresentperfecttensewithhave hasandthepastparticipleoftheverb have has 过去分词 justinhasdisappeared sokellyisverysad weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast butareconnectedtothepresent note 2 theusesofthepresentperfecttense ihavenotseenjustinsincelastfridaynight wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappeningnow note ihaven tseenyouforages hehasjustgoneout ithasbeenverycoldlately shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework hehasn tseenhersincethemeeting note weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet weusealreadyforaffirmativestatements yetfornegativestatements weusefor aperiodoftime since apointintime weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago hehasjustgoneout hewentoutafewminutesago ihavejustheardthenews nowiknowthenews note wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions thatis weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce twice threetimes e g theysaythattheyhavebeentoamericamanytimes note lookatthesentencesandfindthedifference tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning nowitisstillinthemorning tomrangupthreetimesthismorning nowitisnotstillinthemorning actionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning afternoon evening week month year centuryorallday night week allthetime alwaysetc note pointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthesentencesandthereasonswhytheyareused 1 wehavestudiedenglishforaboutfiveyears webegantostudyitfiveyearsago 2 theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen 3 ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback 4 theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen 5 mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth 1 you mypen yes i itonyourdeskjustnow see 2 you dinner yes i itwithmary have 3 thepostman yetthismorning thepostman thismorning come have have had did have completethesentences seen come come had saw thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod butwiththepastsimpletense weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast note billhassmokedsinceheleftschool hestillsmokes billsmokedforsixmonths itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen sometimes however thepresentperfecttenseusedfortheactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking e g ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit sjustbeginningtogetwarmer onmeetingsomeone youmaysay ihaven tseenyouforages butiseeyounow note note thepresentperfecttenseusedforapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent tomhashadabadcarcrash he sprobablystillinhospitalnow tomhadabadcarcrash heisprobablyoutofhospitalnow youarewritingaboutafriend stravelsinyourdiary completeyourdiaryentryusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 answersforthediary saw hasvisited loves hasn tvisited hasseen hasnevermet hastravelled hasfound hasn tfound has been lookatthesentences sorry haveyoubeenwaitinglong ihavebeenwaitingforanhour past onehourago present waiting arrive 1 theformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense weformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave hasbeenandthepresentparticipleoftheverb have has been doing 2 theusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense wesometimesusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway answersofdrfrank swebsite 2 3 4 5 6 havebeentalking havebeentalking havebeenstudying haveseen havebeenwriting thisisthewebsiteofdrfrank fillinthemissingwords usingthecorrecttense presentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense sheisstillreadingthebook lijiahasbeenreadingabookaboutstonehenge lijiahasreadabookaboutstonehenge shefinishedreadingthebook sheknowsthecontentofthebooknow note weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactioncompletedintherecentpast andthepresentprefectcontinuoustenseforanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillhappening ihavevisitedegypttwicethismonth ihavebeentouringegyptfortwomonths note thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous notstoppedandstartedagain wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon stopactions howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake note weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany much andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong astateverboranactionverb 1 ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears 2 ihavetakenphotosofufoswiththiscamera 3 ihavebeentakingphotosofufoswiththiscamera stateverb actionverb stateverb anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame someexamplesofactionverbsaredo go andplay someexamplesofstateverbsarelike knowandexist note wecanuseeitherastateverboranactionwiththepresentperfecttense butweusuallycanonlyuseanactionverbwiththepresentperfectcontinuoustense astateverbdoesn tmeananaction soitcan tbeusedinacontinuoustense e g they vealwayshadabiggarden howlonghaveyouknowneachother he sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident i vealreadybeentoparis i venevervisitedparis note weusethepresentperfecttense notthepresentperfectcontinuoustense withthewordslikealways never yet alreadyandever howlonghaveyoubeenlearningenglish howlonghaveyoulearntenglish ithasbeenrainingforalongtime ithasrainedforalongtime note anactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan withcertainverbs beexpressedbyeitherthepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect hope learn lie live sleep sit study wait want snow etc makeupdialogueswiththepresentperfecttenseandthepresentperfectcontinuoustense practice twofriendsarechatting readtheirconversationandcircletherightwordstocompleteit answersofpartaonpage11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 heard beendoing beenresearching done started achieved read found started beendrawing beenmaking thisisthecomicstripjohnsenttomary writeastorywiththecharactersinitbyansweringthefollowingquestions useyourimaginationandbecreative 1 wheredoyouthinktheboyhasbeenwaiting 2 whathavethealiensbeentravellingby whatdoesitlooklike hehasbeenwaitingatabusstopinacity theyhavebeentravellinginaufo itlookslikeasaucer 3 whoelsehavethealienstalkedto 4 whatotherplanetshavethealiensvisited theyprobablyhavetalkedtoanimalsorplantsonearthaswellascreaturesonotherplants theyhavevisitedmars venus jupiteran