8BUnit3Period4Grammar.doc

8B Unit 3 Period 4 Grammar学习目标：词汇：见书后单词表词组：what can I do for you?/ Can I help you? Of course, think about, restart the computer, connect the keyboard to the computer重要句型及语法：语法：被动语态A英语中的动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1. 基本结构：主语+助动词be +及物动词的过去分词例：The company makes this kind of TV set.这家公司制造这种电视机。This kind of TV set is made in that company. 这种电视机由这家公司制造。（this kind of TV set 是 make这个动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态be made ）。要指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by+动作的执行者”结构。例如：This letter was written by my brother. 这封信是我弟弟写的。2. 其他句式变化：否定句：This kind of TV set is not made in that company.这种电视机不是由那家公司生产的。一般疑问句：Is this kind of TV set made in that company?这种电视机由这家公司制造的吗？特殊疑问句：Where is this kind of TV set made?这种电视机由哪里制造的？3. 什么情况下用被动语态：1). 不清楚动作执行者是谁时；例如：His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被偷了。（不知道也没有办法知道是谁干的）2). 没有必要或不想说出动作执行者时；例如：Rice is grown well there. 那里的稻子长得很好。3). 强调动作的承受者时；例如：This book has been sold out, but that one hasnt. 这种书卖光了，那种没卖光。4. 及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。只有这些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语，并且带有宾语时，才可用被动语态。例如：The old man is looked after very well in the hospital.那老人在医院受到很好的照看。5. 有些动词带有双宾语，变成被动语态时，两个宾语都可以作被动语态句中的主语，但间接宾语作主语的较多。例如：He gives me one yuan a day. 他每天给我一块钱。I am given one yuan a day./ One yuan is given to me a day.6. 有些动词后接不定式作宾语原可省“to” 的，变成被动语态时要加上“to”。例如：The teacher often makes us read English aloud in the morning.老师常要我们早上大声朗读英语。We are often made to read English aloud in the morning (by the teacher).7. 一般过去时的被动语态跟一般现在时的被动语态结构相同，只是助动词 be变成相应过去式was/were.例如：These pencils were made in Shanghai last year.这些铅笔是去年在上海造的。-When was the computer built?-It was built in 1997.这台电脑什么时候造的？年。The room was cleaned by Tom yesterday.这房间是汤姆昨天打扫的。8. 有些动词必须用主动语态表示被动意义：如write, read, wash, sell等用作不及物时，接副词作状语。例如：This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布容易清洗。Your new pen writes well. 你的新钢笔好写。预习案：1. 预习书后新单词和课本内容。2. 完成下面的预习题：一、写出下列动词的过去分词和现在分词。1. buy _ _ 2. teach _ _3. sell _ _ 4. catch _ _5. design _ _ 6. cut _ -_7. Produce _ _ 8. set _ _9. earn _ _ 10 print _ _二、根据句意、首字母或中文提示完成下列句子。1.Millie doesnt know how to open her _ (电子词典)2. Lets _ (重启) the computer, ok?3. We should check the _ (设置) of the computer first.4. Please _ (连接)your computer to a telephone line.5. P_ the green button, then the machine will be turned on.6. Before Simon can play the game, he must _ (通过)a test.7. Princess Laura was born in _ （魔幻）Land eighteen years old.8. Mr. Green is over six f_ tall.9. Princess Laura was caught by an e_ witch.10. The game is set on _ (火星)三用所给词的适当形式填空1. I pressed the two keys, but nothing _ (appear) on the screen.2. Let me come and help you _ (late) in the afternoon.3. The keyboard is connected to the computer _ (proper). Everything is OK.4. Millie has bought a computer like _ (Daniel).5. Make sure all the windows are _ (close)四、用括号内所给动词的被动语态填空。1. A new bike _ (buy) for me now.2. English _ (teach) in China.3. The Great Wall _ (know) all over the world.4. Football _ (play) in middle schools.5. Computers _ (use)to search for information.6. A new computer _ ( sell) yesterday.7. This kind of silk_ (produce) in Hang Zhou.8. A football match _ (have) last week.9. The thief _ (catch) last night.10. My bike _ (mend) last week.五、将下列句子改为被动语态。1. We use knives to cut things.Knives _.2. People use metal to making machine.Metal _.3. We speak English in Canada.English _.4. People write business letters in English.Business letters_.5. People make computers in the USA.Computers _.6. People grow rice in South China.Rice _课堂巩固练习案一将下列句子改成被动语态。1. I saw an old bike on show yesterday.2. People made the camera in China.3. We built the building 8 years ago.4. The farmers made the road many years ago.5. He gave me ten dollars yesterday.6. We press the keys but find nothing on the screen.7. My father bought a present for me yesterday.8. My mother will look after these cats well.二、Alice 刚买了一个新的教育光盘， Ann 正在问他一些问题，读下列的目录，完成下列对话（注意使用被动语态）。Name of the game: Sewing PrincessNo of levels: 8Main character: Princess LauraAge: 18years oldSetting : Magic LandArea of student: ScienceDesigner: ？Alice: I have a new computer game, would you like to play it?Ann: Oh dear, what is the game called?Alice: It _(call) Saving Princess.Ann: It sounds interest, who is the main character?Alice: She _(call) Princess Laura.Ann: Who designed the game?Alice: Im sorry. I forgot.Ann: Where _the game _(set)?Alice: I think it _(set) on Magic Land.Ann: Oh, I see. Thats exciting. Lets start.二 根据所给提示，把下列句子译成英文。1. 请把键盘和电脑正确连接起来。( connect to)_2. 昨天警察找他谈话了。(be asked)_3. 双击那个图标，你就可以打开那个文件。(double click)_4. 你的作业必须今天完成。(be finished)课外作业案一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 (请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. _ you _(see) the film yet? Yes, I _(see) it last week. 17.The food _ (smell) delicious.18. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a