WAS复习提纲中英翻译版.doc

理解:1. WAS6.1全部的安装包(installation package)最基本和核心的功能(base and core function)是什么application server（应用程序服务器）2. A static Web site（静态网页）的定义A static Web site is one in which the content viewed by users accessing the site using a Web browser is determined only by the contents of the file system on the Web server machine.(静态网页的内容是指用户使用Web浏览器访问该网站只能访问Web服务器上的文件系统的内容。)3. dynamic Web applications（动态网页）的定义以及可能使用的技术包括哪些The flow of control logic, business logic, and generation of the Web pages for the Web browser are all handled by software running on a server machine. （控制逻辑流、业务逻辑和对Web浏览器生成Web页面都是由服务器上运行的软件实现。）technologies: Servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSPs), Tag libraries, Expression Language, Filters ,listeners （技术:servlet、JavaServer Pages、标记库、表达式语言、过滤器、监听器）4. CSS file的作用A CSS file defines a hierarchical(分层的) set of style rules that the creator of an HTML (or XML) file uses in order to control how that page is rendered(归还) in a browser or viewer, or how it is printed. （一个CSS文件定义了一个分层的样式规则， HTML文件(或XML文件)使用这个规则来控制该页面在浏览器或查看器中显示,或者说这个页面如何打印。）5. J2EE support的servlet和HTTP标准分别是什么servlet 2.4 and HTTP 1.16. JSP中的哪一部分创建结果页面中的动态内容the Java code（java代码）7. Web应用程序的配置信息保存于哪个文件（web.xml）web.xml8. EAR文件的deployment descriptor（部署描述符）的名称是什么application.xml9. MVC设计模式中，Model，View，Controller分别用来完成什么功能The Model (模型层)Represents the underlying data and business logic in one place （代表底层数据和业务逻辑一起）The View （视图层）The user interface things the user can see and respond to represent a window into the model （用户接口-用户可以查看和响应的一个代表模型层的窗口）The Controller （控制层）Connects the model and the view （连接模型层和视图层）Model: The model layer manages the application domains concepts, both behavior and state. It responds to requests for information about its state and responds to instructions to change its state. 模型：模型层负责管理应用领域的概念，包括行为和状态。它响应有关其状态的请求信息并且通过响应指令来改变它的状态。View : The view layer implements a rendering of the model. The responsibility of the view is to know what parts of the models state are relevant for the user, and to query the model for that information. The view retrieves the data from the model or receives it from the controller, and displays it to the user in a way the user expects to see it. 视图：视图层实现了一个渲染的模型。视图的责任是要知道模型那一部分的状态和用户相关，并查询模型的信息。视图从模型中检索数据或接受控制，并将其显示在一个方式，用户希望看到它的使用者。Controller: The controllers responsibility is to capture user events and to determine which actions each of these events imply, depending on both the users and the applications state. This usually involves verifying pre and post conditions. These actions can then be translated to messages to the model and view layers, as appropriate. 控制器：控制器的责任是捕获用户事件，并且根据用户和应用程序的状态确定每一个事件的动作。这通常涉及到验证前置条件和后置条件。这些动作在合适的情况下可以转化为模型层和视图层的信息。10. J2EE 的三类组件（component）分别是什么组件：三大类，即EJB component 、Web component和client component组件。（企业级javabean组件、web组件、客户端组件）11. J2EE 规范（specification）的核心思想是什么layering and component（分层和组件）12. 组件，容器和服务器的关系Component 组件可以定义为一种自治的、提供外部公共接口的、动态可用的事物处理过程，组件可以用来构建其它组件或者应用程序。 （Components can bedefined asan autonomous,provide externalpublic interface,dynamic availability oftransaction processing,components can be used tobuild the othercomponent or application.）Container 组件是不能独立运行的，必须要为它提供相应的运行环境，为组件提供运行环境的就是容器。（Components are notindependent,mustprovidecorrespondingtoitsoperating environment,provides a running environmentis thecontainer for the component.） Server 容器也是不能直接运行的，容器必须要运行在应用服务器之上，一个服务器可以同时运行多个不同的容器。 （The containeris notdirectly run,the containermust berunon top of the application server,aservercan run multipledifferent containersat the same time.）13. EAR，WAR文件的概念Enterprise archive (EAR) files represent a J2EE application that can be deployed to WebSphere Application Server.（企业档案（EAR）文件是一个可以部署到WebSphere应用服务器的J2EE应用程序。）Web archive (WAR) files contain all the components of a Web application.（Web归档（WAR）文件包含了一个Web应用程序的所有组件。）14. Cluster的定义和对成员的描述；A cluster is a logical collection of application server processes that provides workload balancing and high availability.Application servers in a cluster are members of that cluster and must all have identical application components on them. Other than the applications on them, cluster members do not have to share any other configuration data. The members of a cluster can be located on a single node (vertical cluster), across multiple nodes (horizontal cluster), or on a combination of the two. 集群是提供负载均衡和高可用性的应用程序服务器的处理器的逻辑集合。在一个集群应用服务器的集群成员，都必须有相同的应用程序组件。除了他们的应用，集群成员不需要共享任何其他配置数据。群集的成员可以位于一个单一的节点（垂直集群），也可以在多个节点（水平集群）中，或两者的组合。15. Cell的定义A cell is a grouping of nodes into a single administrative domain. 单元是一组节点的单个管理域。16. Service，doGet/ doPost方法的参数、返回值和作用methodparameterreturn valuefunctionpublic void doPost (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponsevoidprocess the clients HTTP POST request.（处理客户端的HTTP POST请求）public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponsevoidprocess the clients HTTP GET request.（处理客户端的HTTP GET请求）public void service (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponsevoidThe service method, which is inherited from HttpServlet, examines the HTTP request type and delegates processing to the doPost or doGet method as appropriate.service方法，继承了HttpServlet方法，审查HTTP请求类型，并且在合适的时候调用doPost方法或doGet方法处理17. JDBC、JNDI的定义以及作用JDBC(Java DataBase Connectivity) is through a series of java interface to achieve connection to the database. JDBC（Java数据库连接）是通过一系列Java接口实现与数据库的连接。JDBC function：(JDBC功能) To establish a connection with a database . （建立与数据库的连接。） Send SQL statements to the database. （向数据库发送SQL语句。） Processing the results returned by the database . （处理数据库返回的结果。）J2EE Application Clients should be able to use the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) to look up objects using object references as well as real JNDI names. （J2EE应用程序客户端应该能够使用Java命名和目录接口（JNDI）查找对象，可以通过对象引用和实际JNDI名来查找。）The reference concept allows a deployer to configure references that can be used as JNDI names in lookup code. （引用的概念允许部署者配置引用，这个引用可以用在查找代码的JNDI名中。）The references are bound to real JNDI names at deployment time, so that if the real JNDI name is subsequently(随后) changed, the code does not need to be modified or recompiledonly the binding needs to be updated. （在部署的时候引用被绑定到实际的JNDI名中，所以，如果实际的JNDI名称随后（随后）改变，代码不需要修改或重新编译，只有绑定需要更新。）18. 哪种J2EE服务向数据库发送SQL语句JDBC19. JDBC Driver的基本描述四类：4 types（1）JDBC-ODBC桥 JDBC-ODBC bridge（2）部分Java驱动 part of the java driver（3）中间件驱动 the middleware driver（4）纯java的驱动程序 pure java driver20. data source的使用和JNDI的关系A data source represents a real-world data source, such as a relational database. When a data source object has been registered with a JNDI naming service, an application can retrieve it from the naming service and use it to make a connection to the data source it represents. 数据源是一个真实的数据资源，如关系数据库。当数据源对象已经注册了JNDI命名服务时，应用程序可以从命名服务检索到它，并且可以使用它使连接到它所代表数据源。21. java.sql.DriverManager，java.sql.Connection，java.sql.Statement，java.sql.ResultSet分别的功能java.sql.DriverManager and javax.sql.DataSource can be used to obtain a connection to a database system.java.sql.Connection represents the connection that an application has to a database system.java.sql.Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement represent executable statements that can be used to update or query the database.java.sql.ResultSet represents the values returned from a statement that has queried the database. java.sql.drivermanager和javax.sql.datasource可以用来获得一个数据库系统的连接。java.sql.connection表示一个应用程序到数据库系统的连接。java.sql.statement，PreparedStatement，和CallableStatement表示用来更新或查询数据库的可执行语句。java.sql.resultset表示查询数据库之后的返回结果。22. DataSource object的产生原理1. An application retrieves a DataSource object from the JNDI naming space.2. After the DataSource object is obtained, the application code calls getConnection() on the data source to get a Connection object. The connection is obtained from a pool of connections.3. Once the connection is acquired, the application sends SQL queries or updates to the database. 1、应用程序从JNDI命名空间检索数据源对象。2、得到的数据源对象后，应用程序代码调用数据源的getconnection()方法获得连接对象。连接从连接池获得。3、一旦获得连接，应用程序可以发送SQL查询语句或更新语句给数据库。23. DataSource连接是直接连接还是连接池direct connection or a pooled connection连接池a pooled connection24. The J2EE specification requires that J2EE Application Clients should have exactly the same naming features available as are provided for Web components and EJBs.这句话看一下就行J2EE规范要求的J2EE应用程序客户应该提供和Web组件、EJB组件是完全相同的有用的命名特征。25. An application server的概念The application server is the primary runtime component in all configurations. It is where an application executes. 应用服务器是所有配置的组件的主程序运行时。这是一个应用程序执行的地方。26. node agent的作用In these centralized management configurations, each node has a node agent that works with a deployment manager to manage administration processes. Managed nodes have a node agent on the Web server machine that allows the deployment manager to administer the Web server.在这些集中管理的配置，每个节点都有一个节点代理与部署管理器来管理管理流程。受管节点在Web服务器上有一个节点代理，这个节点代理允许部署管理器管理Web服务器。27. WAS对IBM HTTP Server的管理方式Web server nodes can be managed or unmanaged. (Web服务器节点可以分为受管节点或非受管节点。)As a special case, if the unmanaged Web server is an IBM HTTP Server, you can administer the Web server from the WebSphere administrative console. This configuration does not require a node agent. 作为特殊情况下，如果非受管节点的Web服务器是一个IBM HTTP服务器，你可以从WebSphere管理控制台管理Web服务器。这个配置不需要节点代理。28. Web container transport chains的3个组成部分The chain consists of a TCP inbound channel that provides the connection to the network, an HTTP inbound channel that serves HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 requests, and a Web container channel over which requests for servlets and JSPs are sent to the Web container for processing.Web容器传输链由TCP入站通道、HTTP入站通道、Web容器通道组成，连接到网络的入站通道，这是一个HTTP请求的HTTP1.0和1.1，和信道的请求在Web容器的servlet和JSP的，这是发送到Web容器的处理。TCP入站通道提供网络连接，HTTP入站通道提供HTTP 1.0和HTTP 1.1的请求服务，Web容器通道将servlet和JSP的请求发送到Web容器做进一步处理29. 创建profiles的两种方法Using PMT Start Programs IBM WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment v6 Profile creation wizardCreating profiles manually 使用PMT开始程序IBMWebSphereApplication Server Network Deployment v6概要文件创建向导手动创建概要文件30. 管理WAS的两种方式Using wsadmin 使用wsadminUsing the administrative console 使用管理控制台31. admin_host默认的端口号码906032. stand-alone环境中，有几个节点（node）In a stand-alone application server configuration, there is only one node.（ 在一个独立的应用程序服务器配置环境中，只有一个节点。）33. Base and Express配置中，一个cell有几个节点（node）In the Base and Express configurations, a cell contains one node. （在基本和体验配置环境中，一个单元包含一个节点。）34. Managed node定义Managed nodes have a node agent on the Web server machine that allows the deployment manager to administer the Web server.受管节点在Web服务器上有一个节点代理，这个节点代理允许部署管理器管理Web服务器。35. Nodes can be added to the cell 两个方式分别是You can define a custom profile to create an empty node for federation to the cell. After federation, you can further configurate the node. You can create an application server profile, then federate it to the cell. 你可以定义一个自定义概要文件给联合单元创建一个缺省节点。在联合之后，你可以进一步配置这个节点。您可以创建一个应用服务器的概要文件，然后联合到单元。36. default virtual hosts的逻辑名There are several default virtual hosts, including:default_host -Used for accessing the default applicationsExample: http:/localhost:9080/snoopadmin_host -Used for accessing the administrative consoleExample: http:/localhost:9060/ibm/console有几个默认的虚拟主机，包括：default_host-用于访问默认的应用程序admin_host-用于访问管理控制台37. Network Deployment environment和express环境的区别 With Network Deployment, you can build a distributed server configuration,which enables central administration, workload management, and failover. In this environment, you integrate one or more application servers into a cell that is managed by a deployment manager. With Network Deployment, you can build a distributed server environment consisting of multiple application servers maintained from a central administration point. In a distributed server environment, administration tasks and configuration files are distributed among the nodes, reducing the reliance(依赖) on a central repository or administration server for basic functions and bring-up. The administrative services and the administrative console are hosted on the deployment manager. 1.在网络部署版下，您可以建立一个分布式服务器的配置，可以使用管理中心，工作量管理，和故障转移。2.在这样的环境中，你将一个或多个应用服务器为一个单元，它是通过一个部署管理器管理的。3.网络部署，您可以建立一个中央管理点维护多个应用程序服务器的分布式的服务器环境。4.在分布式服务器环境，管理任务和配置文件分布在节点之间，减少了对中央资料库的依赖或对管理服务器的基本功能和启动的依赖。5.管理员服务和管理控制台托管在部署管理器下面。38. 将J2EE组件变成EAR格式的文件，这个过程叫做什么assembly 装配39. J2EE服务器上的程序可以分为那几层4 layers: data layer, business logic layer, presentation layer, client layer（数据层、业务逻辑层、表示层、客户层）40. 向容器提供组件相关的一些信息，以使组件能够按照期望的方式运行，这些信息是？向容器提供组件相关的一些信息，以使组件能够按照期望的方式运行，这些信息就是deployment descriptor（部署描述符）。41. What invokes a service method on the servlets classthe Web container invokes a standard method on the servlets class.(Web容器调用servlet类的标准方法)42. JSP+Servlet+EJB结构中，JSP实现MVC中的哪部分JSPview（视图层），与用户交互，制作页面，显示bean结果。 43. DataSource的建立、发布、独立于应用程序的管理都依靠JNDI 的建立（The establishment of JNDI）44. JNDI所有的动作都建立在什么对象上所有的动作都建立在context上（All actionsare based oncontext）45. DataSource是由谁提供的WAS掌握：1、WAS的基本用途: WebSphere Application Servers are a suite of servers that implement the J2EE specification. This simply means that any Web applications that are written to the J2EE specification can be installed and deployed on any of the servers in the WebSphere Application Server family.WebSphere应用服务器是一套实现J2EE规范的服务器。这只是意味着，被写入到J2EE规范的Web应用程序可以安装和部署在任何在WebSphere应用服务器的家族服务器中。2、WAS文件分为那两类，定义分别是什么；概要表（profile）有几种类型，分别是什么（名称和描述） WebSphere Application Server files are split into two categories:Product files Set of shared read-only static files or product binaries shared by any instances of the WebSphere Application Server productConfiguration files (profiles)WebSphere应用服务器的文件分割成两个类别：产品文件可共享的只读静态文件集合或者二进制的产品文件可以被WebSphere应用服务器产品的任何实例共享概要文件（文件）Profiles are sets of files that represent a WebSphere Application Server configuration. 概要文件是表示WebSphere应用服务器的配置集合的文件。Types of profilesdescriptionApplication server profile应用服务器概要文件The profile consists of one cell, one node, and one server.The name of the application server is server1.The application samples are automatically installed on the server.The server has a dedicated administrative console. 配置文件由一个单元、一个节点、和一个服务器组成。应用服务器的名称是server1。应用样例自动安装在服务器上。服务器有一个专门的管理控制台。Deployment manager profile部署管理器概要文件The deployment manager profile defines a deployment manager in a Network Deployment installation： A cell for the administrative domain A node for the deployment manager A deployment manager with an administrative console No application servers 部署管理器概要文件在网络中安装部署中定义一个部署管理器：一种用于管理员管理领域的单元一个用于部署管理器的节点一个带管理控制台的部署管理器没有应用程序服务器Custom profile自定义概要文件Creates a managed node which, by default, is federated into a cellCreates a node agent, but no application servers 创建一个受管节点，默认情况下，是一个的被联合的单元创建节点代理，但没有应用服务器Cell profile单元概要文件Creates both a deployment manager and a federated node创建一个部署管理器和一个联合的节点3、Web server的处理 Web server nodes can be managed or unmanaged. Managed nodes have a node agent on the Web server machine that allows the deployment manager to administer the Web server. Unmanaged Web server nodes, as the name implies, are not managed by WebSphere. Web服务器节点可以受管节点或非受管节点。受管节点在Web服务器上有一个节点代理，这个节点代理允许部署管理器管理Web服务器。非受管的Web服务器节点，顾名思义，不受WebSphere管理。4、wsadmin的连接协议 wsadmin conntype SOAP | RMI | NONE The conntype specifies the protocol type Default is SOAP NONE allows wsadmin to read and write directly to configuration files without going through an application serverwsadmin conntype SOAP | RMI | NONE conntype关键字指定协议类型默认的协议类型是SOAPNONE 类型允许wsadmin来直接读写配置文件而不需要经过一个应用服务器5、node，node group的定义A node is a logical grouping of server processes managed by WebSphere and that share common configuration and operation control. A node is associated with one physical installation of WebSphere Application Server. In a stand-alone application server configuration, there is only one node. A node group is a grouping of nodes within a cell that have similar capabilities. A node group validates that the node is capable of performing certain functions before allowing those functions.一个节点是WebSphere管理的一组服务器的逻辑过程，并且共享公共的配置文件和运算控制器。一个节点与WebSphere应用服务器的一个物理安装有关。在一个独立的应用程序服务器配置环境中，只有一个节点。一个节点组是一组节点内的单元具有相似的能力。一个节点组验证了节点在允许某些功能之前能够执行特定的功能。6、wsadmin的5个管理对象的名称和功能wsadmin objectsfunctionAdminControl The AdminControl scripting object is used for operational control. It communicates with MBeans that represent live objects running a WebSphere server process. It includes commands to query existing running objects and their attributes and invoke operations on the objects. In addition to the operational commands, the AdminControl object supports commands to query information about the connected server, convenient commands for client tracing, reconnecting to a server, and starting and stopping a server. 这个AdminControl脚本对象是用于操作控制。它与运行在WebSphere服务器进程的活动对象MBeans通信。它包括查询现有运行对象及其属性的命令并调用对象上的操作。除了操作命令，该AdminControl对象支持查询服务器的连接信息的命令、方便客户跟踪的命令、重新连接到服务器的命令、和启动和停止服务器的命令。AdminConfigThe AdminConfig object is used to manage the configuration information that is stored in the repository. This object communicates with the WebSphere Application Server configuration service component to make configuration inquires and changes. AdminConfig对象用于管理存储库中的配置信息。该对象与WebSphere应用服务器配置服务组件进行通信从而进行配置文件的查询和修改。AdminAppThe AdminApp object can update application metadata, map virtual hosts to Web modules, and m